Amerta Nutrition

Back Matter, Volume 9 Issue 1, March 2025

2025-03-14T10:32:18+07:00

Front Matter, Volume 9 Issue 1, March 2025

2025-03-14T09:54:11+07:00

Determinants of Food Waste Among Household in Rural and Urban Areas of Bogor Regency

2024-05-13T09:53:53+07:00

Background: Food Waste (FW) remains a major concern both domestically and globally, with households being the largest contributors.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the total generation of FW in households at risk of stunting and analyze its determinants in urban and rural areas of Bogor Regency.

Methods: A quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design was conducted from June to July 2023 in Ciampea and Sukajaya Subsitricts, Bogor Regency. This study involved 168 households as the samples, calculated using the SNI 19-3964-1994 method for sampling and measuring urban waste generation and composition. The inclusion criterion was households with at least one stunting risk factor, according to the National Family Planning Coordination Body or BKKBN. FW determinants included family characteristics and practices (planning, purchasing, storing, cooking, and consuming). The obtained data were then analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results: The total FW generated was 5.51 kg/cap/year (urban: 4.08 kg/cap/year; rural: 5.07 kg/cap/year). The most wasted food groups were vegetables and cereals/tubers. Urban households with high income were 4.3 times more likely to generate FW (OR=4.32, CI=1.72 – 10.77). Meanwhile, those with inadequate knowledge were 3.49 times more likely to generate FW (OR=3.49, CI=1.39 – 8.79), and those not planning purchases and processing according to preferences were 4.3 times more likely to generate FW (OR=4.32, CI=1.72 – 10.77). Rural households that did not store food properly were 3.81 times more likely to generate FW (OR=3.81, CI=1.22 – 12.03).

Conclusions: The total generation of FW in rural households was higher than in urban households. The determinants of FW in urban areas were income, knowledge, and planning practices, whereas in rural areas, it was storage practices.

Effect of Tempeh Substitution, Addition of Carrot Puree and Moringa Leaf Puree on Protein, Fiber, Iron Content, and Iron Bioaccessibility of Beef Sausage

2024-06-19T08:50:09+07:00

Background: Cases of iron deficiency anemia among adolescent girls in Indonesia remain high. To address this issue, there is a need to formulate an inexpensive sausage product with relatively high protein, iron, and fiber content.

Objectives: This research was conducted to analyze the effect of tempeh substitution, carrot puree addition, and moringa leaf puree addition on the protein content, dietary fiber, iron, and Fe bioaccessibility in beef sausages.

Methods: This study employed a true experimental design to develop sausage formulations and analyze their protein content, dietary fiber, iron content, and iron bioaccessibility. A 3-factor factorial design was used, with factors including tempeh substitution, carrot puree addition, and moringa leaf puree addition.

Results: The protein content in the sausages was not influenced by any individual factor or interaction between factors, with values ranging from 6.27% to 6.91%. Fiber content was only affected by tempeh substitution, ranging from 11.89 to 13.84 mg/100 g. Iron bioaccessibility was influenced by both tempeh substitution and moringa leaf puree addition, with bioaccessibility values ranging from 84.3% to 87.1%. The highest bioaccessibility was observed with 40% tempeh substitution, 20% carrot puree addition, and 6% moringa leaf puree addition.

Conclusions: Tempeh substitution significantly affected fiber content, iron content, and iron bioaccessibility. Carrot puree addition had no effect on any parameter, while moringa leaf puree addition influenced only iron bioaccessibility.

Development of Under-five Wasting Children and Related Factors in Padang City

2024-09-02T11:18:27+07:00

Background: At the age of under five years, there is rapid physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, which influences their future abilities. The prevalence of wasting in Indonesia is 7.7%, but it has not received serious attention, so it needs to be explored further.

Objectives: This Study aimed to examine the development of under-five wasting children and any associated factors in the Anak Air's Health Center Working Area, Padang City.

Methods: It was observational analytical research with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was under-five wasting children aged 12 – 60 months, totaling 118 people taken as respondents. Data on the internal factors of respondents was collected using a validated questionnaire. The development of respondents was examined by using the pre-developmental screening questionnaire. Data was analyzed using chi-square and ordinal logistic regression.

Result: This study found that most respondents were under 3 years old, male, had normal birth weight, and had no history of suffering from infectious diseases. A total of 13 (11.1%) of respondents had deviation development, 59 (50%) were doubtful, and only 46 (38.9%) had normal development. Bivariate results showed a significant relationship between age, gender, and infectious diseases with respondents' development (p-value<0.5). There is no significant relationship between birth weight and the respondents’ development (p-value>0.5). Age is the most related factor to the respondents’ development.

Conclusion: The conclusion is most respondents have questionable and distorted development, and age is the most related factor. More attention is needed for under-five wasting children so that their development is normal.

The Influence of Gender on College Students’ Nutrition Knowledge and External Eating Style toward Healthy Food Choices

2024-10-18T10:15:34+07:00

Background: In Indonesia, the prevalence of obesity remains on the rise, with 35.4% of the population experiencing it. Consuming unhealthy food is one of the influential causes, typically affected by nutritional knowledge and external eating style.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether gender, nutrition knowledge, and external eating style influence healthy food choice.

Methods: The Behavioral measurement research with quasi experimental design were adopted, recruiting 123 participants selected purposively. The study was conducted in a psychology laboratory using the Fake Food Buffet (FFB) instrument for food choices, the Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (NKQ) scale for nutritional knowledge and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) scale for external eating styles. The data collected were then analyzed using a generalized linear model.

Results: Approximately 61.8% of the participants have a normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Gender and nutrition knowledge showed a negative relationship with healthy food choices (p-value = 0.043; η2 = 0.035). Females having good nutrition knowledge tend to make less healthy food choices compared to males. Additionally, the interaction between gender, nutrition knowledge, and external eating style shows a positive correlation with healthy food choices (p-value = 0.036; η2 = 0.038). Females are more likely to choose healthy food compared to males.

Conclusions: The results implied that nutrition knowledge and external eating style influence students’ healthy food choices. Gender may affect consistency in making healthy food choices among students’ eating behavior. Therefore, future research might have further observation on people’s eating behavior.

Sweet Sweetened Beverages Intake and Sedentary Behavior Drive Overweight Trends: A Study of Urban and Rural Adolescents in East Java, Indonesia

2024-12-18T11:32:50+07:00

Background: Overweight and obesity are growing concerns in developing countries, including Indonesia. Excessive food intake and lack of physical activity are major contributing factors to this issue.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, dietary patterns, and nutritional status among adolescents living in rural and urban areas.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 261 adolescents (120 males, 141 females) aged 12–14 years from East Java, Indonesia. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), while dietary intake was measured using daily recall and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutritional status was determined based on BMI-for-age Z-scores.

Results: More than 20% of adolescents were overweight (Z-score > 2), with a prevalence of 21% in rural areas and 31% in urban areas. Urban adolescents consumed more sugary drinks, had longer screen time, and slept less than their rural counterparts (p-value<0.05). Overall physical activity levels were significantly higher among rural adolescents. Key risk factors for overweight status included sugary drink consumption (OR 2.32), high-fat food intake (OR 1.61), low physical activity (OR 0.09), and prolonged screen time (OR 1.21).

Conclusions: Differences in lifestyle between rural and urban adolescents impact their nutritional status. Targeted interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sugary drink consumption, especially in urban areas, are crucial for preventing overweight and improving adolescent health.

Encouraging Healthcare Childbirth to Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding: Evidence from Madurese, Indonesia

2024-08-08T03:26:08+07:00

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is critical to starting life in its earliest phases. Breast milk alone provides adequate nutrition for infants from delivery until six months. The EBF achievement in Madura in 2022 was only 37.9%, far from the target set by the World Health Organization of 50% in 2025.

Objectives: The study examined the role of birthplace on EBF in Madura Island in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 990 Madurese children was conducted. The researcher looked at 11 control variables, including regency, residence, mother age, marital status, education, occupation, wealth, antenatal care (ANC), early initiation breastfeeding (EIBF), child's age, and sex, and EBF activity as the outcome variable and childbirth as the exposure variable. As the last step, the author performed a binary logistic regression test.

Results: Madura Island had a 37.9% EBF proportion. Meanwhile, 90.1% of births take place in healthcare facilities. According to the birthplace, mothers who gave birth in healthcare facilities were 1.939 times more likely to perform EBF than those who gave birth in non-healthcare facilities (AOR 1.939; 95% CI 1.854-2.037). Moreover, the study also found eleven control variables related to EBF among Madurese.

Conclusions: Birthplace was related to EBF among Madurese. To achieve EBF, childbirth in healthcare facilities was almost twice that of childbirth in non-healthcare facilities. The study recommends only giving birth in a health facility. On the other hand, increasing the intensity of contact with health services during pregnancy and childbirth is necessary.

Substitution of Tongkol Fish Bone Meal in Tempeh Nugget Products as an Alternative Food Rich in Protein and Calcium for Toddlers

2024-02-07T08:51:45+07:00

Background: One approach to preventing stunting is the provision of supplemental feeding (PMT). Tongkol fish bones are an underutilized waste product. An innovation in utilizing fish bone waste involves processing it into flour for inclusion in tempeh nugget formulations.

Objectives: This study aims to develop a protein- and calcium-rich food source to support stunting prevention efforts among toddlers.

Methods: This study employed an experimental design with quantitative analysis. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four factorial treatments and two replications. The ratios of Tongkol fish bone meal to wheat flour were 0:20 g, 5:15 g, 7:13 g, and 9:11 g. Chemical analysis was conducted to evaluate the nutritional content of tempeh nuggets, while organoleptic testing was employed to identify the optimal tempeh nugget formulation.

Results: The selected formulation (F1, 25%) provided 84.8 kcal energy, 6 g protein, 4.15 g fat, 7.66 g carbohydrates, and 638.66 mg calcium per 100 g. A serving size of 7 pieces (50 g) contained 129 kcal energy, 6 g protein, 6 g fat, 11 g carbohydrates, and 292 mg calcium.

Conclusions: Tempeh nuggets enriched with fish bone flour can be considered a viable source of protein and calcium, meeting nutritional claim thresholds.

The Effect of Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Flour and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Flour Proportion on Resistant Starch, Nutrient, and Organoleptic Properties of Cookies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2024-09-20T09:37:23+07:00

Background: Basic Health Research (2018) reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among individuals aged 15 years and older is 8.5%, with 90–95% of them being type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). Therefore, corrective action through food modification is needed to control blood glucose. Sago and sorghum contain resistant starches that can enhance glycemic and insulin response.

Objectives: To analyse the effect of the proportion of sago flour and sorghum flour on resistant starch, nutritional content, and organoleptic properties of cookies designated for T2DM.

Methods: This study employed a Complete Randomised Design with 5 variations of sago flour and sorghum flour treatment, namely F1 (100%:0%), F2 (75%:25%), F3 (50%:50%), F4 (25%:75%), and F5 (0%:100%), each replicated twice. The analysis of resistant starch and nutritional content utilised a one-way ANOVA test, followed by the Duncan test for significant differences. Organoleptic properties were assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test. The best formulations were determined based on the De Garmo method.

Results: The results revealed significant differences in resistant starch (p-value=0.002), protein (p-value<0.001), carbohydrate (p-value=0.012), and ash content (p-value=0.005). No significant differences were observed in fat (p-value=0.514), moisture content (p-value=0.881), colour (p-value=0.891), aroma (p-value=0.061), texture (p-value=0.164), and taste (p-value=0.421). The F2 formulation emerged as the best, containing 6.31% resistant starch, 7.34% protein, 23.69% fat, 50.95% carbohydrates, 16.19% moisture content, and 1.84% ash content.

Conclusions: The proportion of sago flour and sorghum flour significantly affected the content of resistant starch, protein, carbohydrates, and ash content, but not fat, moisture content, and organoleptic properties.

The Potential of Blondo-Based Snack Bars and Sea Grape Flour Substitution to Support Athlete Performance

2024-09-20T10:58:17+07:00

Background: Sports injuries represented an unavoidable morbidity condition among athletes. Data from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro demonstrated that 1,101 out of 11,274 athletes (9.8%) experienced injuries, with 19% sustaining two or more types of injuries. In world championships, 81 injury cases per 1,000 athletes were recorded. Muscle injuries dominated 30-40% of cases in soccer players and more than 59% in weightlifters. Blondo, a coconut oil industry by-product, contained 16.9 g protein, 23.9 g fat, 31.8 g carbohydrates, and 341 kcal energy per 100 g. Sea grapes (Caulerpa Lentillifera) contained chlorophyll a and b, which functioned as antioxidants to protect body cells from post-exercise free radicals.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the chemical and sensory characteristics of blondo and sea grape-based snack bars.

Methods: The research employed a Completely Randomized Design with three formulas (F1: 50%, F2: 75%, F3: 100% blondo). Analysis included proximate testing, fiber content, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic testing.

Results: ANOVA analysis revealed that blondo addition did not significantly affect the measured variables (p-value>0.05). However, moisture, ash, protein, fat, and fiber content increased, while carbohydrate content decreased, potentially benefiting athletes. Additionally, decreased IC50 values indicated increased antioxidant activity with blondo addition.

Conclusions: Blondo and sea grapes demonstrated potential as sports food ingredients, with F3 being the most preferred formula, containing 518.5 kcal, 14.11 g protein, 27.17 g fat, and 54.27 g carbohydrates.

Facilitating Factors of Mothers’ Good Adherence to Four National Nutrition Programs in Indonesia

2024-08-12T08:26:40+07:00

Background: Mothers’ compliance with national nutrition programs during the first 1000 days of life is crucial to optimal child growth and development. However, national surveys have revealed low levels of compliance, suggesting challenges faced by mothers. Thus, understanding the facilitating factors of mother’s consistent good compliance is important.

Objectives: To explore the facilitating factors of mothers’ good compliance with four national nutrition programs during the first 1000 days of life.

Methos: Of the 48 mothers of 6-23-month-old children interviewed in this study, 10 demonstrated consistent compliance with the recommended maternal iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and vitamin A capsule (VAC) supplementation programs. In-depth exploration and analysis were carried out on the 10 mothers, focusing on the roles of health staff, information exposure, knowledge, and family support.

Results: All mothers had a strong initiative to seek information from various sources, including healthcare staff, the mother and child health book, and Internet (among urban mothers), irrespective of their socio-demographic backgrounds. Frequent information exposure resulted in good knowledge, except on VAC supplementation. Healthcare staff, particularly midwives, played significant roles in mothers’ compliance to IFA supplementation and breastfeeding, but much less for complementary feeding practices. The role of Posyandu cadres was limited to the dissemination of VAC supplementation schedules. Support from family members were observed in all programs, mainly in providing information and maintaining motivation.

Conclusions: Information exposure and family support were key to mothers’ good compliance. The roles of healthcare staff, particularly in providing complementary feeding information, should be strengthened.

Transforming Childhood: Nutrition Interventions in the First 1000 Days of Life to Prevent Stunting and Enhance IQ Children in Trenggalek

2024-01-22T13:27:25+07:00

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Trenggalek Regency is high, i.e. 38.63%. This problem occurred in ten villages from various sub-districts and affected over 500 children. Various intervention methods have been implemented to address stunting, but the education for midwives and posyandu cadres as agents of change remains relatively uncommon.

Objectives: To assess the impact of specific nutritional interventions carried out by cadres and village midwives on the prevalence of stunting, child development (behavioral, mental, and psychomotor), and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of children over 24 months in Trenggalek.

Methods: The research used a quasi-experiment design with a pre-test – post-test approach. Specific nutrition interventions were provided to the agents through nutrition education and training based on balanced nutrition guidelines and breastfeeding counseling from the World Health Organization (WHO). Assistance was also provided to pregnant women during their first trimester. The collected data included the growth, development, and IQ of children aged 0-24 months.

Results: The nutrition knowledge of the agent improved after the intervention, with an average score of 63.0±16.2 before the intervention and 76.8±14.7 after. The prevalence of stunting in selected health centers has decreased to 7.5%. This contributes to achieving a low stunting "green" status for the regency.

Conclusions: This study shows that increasing the knowledge of change agents can effectively reduce stunting. Stunting prevention can be achieved through proper maternal and childcare practices, including early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, and complete immunization.

Nutritional Status, Eating Patterns, Physical Activity, Health and Phenotype History of Obese Young Women in Bandung City

2024-07-22T08:17:58+07:00

Background: The incidence of obesity in Bandung City is rising. The prevalence of obesity among women surpasses that of men, with a notable rise observed in the young adult demographic.

Objectives: This study assessed the nutritional status, dietary habits, physical activity, health history, and phenotype of young obese women in Bandung City.

Methods: This mixed-method design involved 88 obese individuals (body fat percentage >35%) aged 18-25 years of Sundanese ethnicity. The research was carried out from August to November 2023. The obtained data encompassed general subject characteristics, anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intake and physical activity information, health history, and phenotypic data. Comprehensive interviews were performed concerning dietary habits, physical activity, phenotypic history, nutritional status, and health history.

Results: The participants' average age and body weight were 20.3 years and 81.5 kilograms, respectively. The average total fat percentage (%BF) was 38.3%. Occupation (p-value=0.033), weight (p-value=0.001), body mass index (p-value=0.001), waist circumference (p-value=0.001), hip circumference (p-value=0.001), visceral fat (p-value=0.001), resting metabolism (p-value=0.001), and energy (p-value=0.009), fat (p-value=0.043), and carbohydrate (p-value=0.021) intake were associated with total body fat. Conversely, the subject's physical activity, personal and familial history of chronic diseases, development of obesity, and parental obesity history exhibited no correlation with the subject's total body fat (p-value≥0.05).

Conclusions: The subject’s occupation, body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, visceral fat, resting metabolism, energy, fat, and carbohydrate intake were correlated with the subject's total body fat.

Phytochemical Analysis of Herbal Teabags Based on Drying Temperature

2024-09-04T11:05:51+07:00

Background: The potential for diversifying herbal beverages by combining mangosteen peel, red ginger, lemongrass, cherry leaves, orange leaves, and bay leaves into ready-to-drink herbal tea is substantial. Nonetheless, additional examination of the phytochemical composition post-drying is required.

Objectives: This study seeks to ascertain the phytochemical composition, including total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, influenced by differences in the drying temperature of herbal tea bags.

Methods: The study employed an experimental design with differing drying temperatures: M1 (45°C), M2 (55°C), M3 (65°C), M4 (75°C), M5 (85°C). Data were gathered through observations by 100 panelists and subsequently analyzed using parametric statistics in SPSS, with a significance level of 5%. The phytochemical test was conducted at the Industrial Research and Standardization Center at Jagir Wonokromo Street No. 360, Tenggilis Mejoyo, Surabaya.

Results: The drying treatment of herbal tea bags M1 at 45°C exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, measuring 216.02 µg/mL, with an IC₅₀ value of 46.17 ppm, a moisture content of 7.20%, a yield of 13.15%, a total phenolic content of 134.2 mgGAE/g, and a total flavonoid content of 81.33 mgQE/g. It is characterized by a yellow hue, a distinct herbal aroma, and a blend of ginger and lemongrass spices, ultimately meeting the preferred acceptance criteria.

Conclusions: The drying temperature influences the phytochemical composition and the preferences of panelists for herbal tea bags, including mangosteen peel, red ginger, lemongrass, cherry leaves, lime leaves, and bay leaves.

Nutrition Consumption and Impact on Stunting and Underweight among Children in the Tengger Community, East Java, Indonesia

2024-12-04T13:27:38+07:00

Background: Stunting and underweight are still nutritional problems in toddlers in the world. In 2022, the number of stunting and wasting in Indonesia is still high. There are many factors that influence undernutrition, both external and internal factors in the Tengger community.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between family characteristics, exclusive breastfeeding history, birth history, and birth attendants with the incidence of stunting and underweight in children under-5 of the Tengger Community.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, which samples consisted of 100 mothers of children under-5 in the traditional territory of Tengger Community, taken by the random sampling technique. Data on family characteristics, exclusive breastfeeding, birth history and birth attendants were collected using questionnaires, the nutritional status of mothers and toddlers by measuring body weight and height directly, and food consumption patterns, compiled using the SQ-FFQ sheet and a food recall. Then, the chi-square analysis was utilized to scrutinize those data.

Results: No significant associations between family characteristics, breastfeeding history, birth history, and birth attendant with nutritional status of under-fives were found in W/A and H/A (p-value>0.05). Only fat intake had a significant association with W/A in under-fives (p-value=0.03) of all nutrients.

Conclusions: Energy and macronutrient intake were mostly in deficit, but only fat intake was associated with underweight. Therefore, macronutrient intake needs to be increased.

An Exploratory Study on the Philosophy, Nutritional Content, and Food Value in Traditional Ceremonies of the Tengger Tribe

2024-12-04T13:26:47+07:00

Background: The Tengger Tribe strongly upholds traditional and cultural aspects in their daily lives, particularly in the preparation of food offerings that carry deep philosophical meanings. In addition to their cultural significance, these foods also possess nutritional content and value from the perspective of the Tengger Tribe.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the philosophy, nutritional content, and food value of offerings served in the traditional ceremonies of the Tengger Tribe.

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Wonokitri Village, Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research informants included the village head, traditional leaders, religious leaders, and community leaders of the Tengger Tribe. The research variables encompassed the philosophy of food, its nutritional content, and its cultural significance in the traditional ceremonies of the Tengger Tribe.

Results: The study found that traditional ceremonies are routinely performed, including Yadna Kasada, Karo, Unan-Unan, Pujan Mubeng, and Barikan. Additionally, individual ceremonies such as Entas-Entas, Tugel Kuncung, Among-Among, and weddings are also significant. Each ceremony features specific food offerings, primarily jadah, pasung, pepes, and red-and-white jenang, which are rich in carbohydrates and have a distinct sweet taste. The philosophy behind these offerings has been passed down through generations.

Conclusions: The Tengger Tribe remains deeply committed to their traditional ceremonies. Food offerings in these ceremonies are an inherited tradition with profound philosophical meanings, and their cultural and nutritional value continues to be upheld, ensuring their sustainability. The primary foods used in these ceremonies are traditional cakes, which are high in carbohydrates.

Sustainable Utilization of Grapevine Waste as a Nutraceutical

2024-09-20T12:45:04+07:00

Background: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.), a widely cultivated fruit, generates substantial waste during wine production. Traditionally discarded, this waste was reviewed for various applications, including chemicals, bio-products, and pigments.

Objectives: Sundried seeds (SDS) and peel (SDP) of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated for phytochemical composition and potential bioactivity as waste material for potential health benefits.

Methods: Grapevine waste, specifically seeds and peel, was sun-dried and employed for the experimental study with convenient sampling for quantitative analysis. The dried samples were subjected to Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify primary and secondary metabolites. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry was used to quantify specific compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with different solvents (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic). Antimicrobial assays were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Results: Sundried seeds (SDS) and peel (SDP) exhibited respective concentrations of 128 mg/ml and 141 mg/ml for flavonoids, 95 AE/g and 103 AE/g for alkaloids, 10.2 mg/ml and 9.6 mg/ml for steroids, and 170 GAE/g and 187 GAE/g for phenolic compounds.IC₅₀yield of SDS extracts exhibited in aqueous(5.84 ppm) and methanolic solvents(6.75 ppm), while SDP extracts showed moderate to strong activity in ethanol(47.71ppm) and methanol(84.50 ppm). Staphylococcus aureus inhibited the zone of 9 mm and 10mm and Escherichiacoli ruptured the membrane in 10 mm and 8 mm on both samples.

Conclusions: Sundried seeds and peel from grapevine waste exhibited promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, promising further research for potential value-added applications.

A Critical Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Nutritional Status and Physical Activity Patterns on Height of Indian Youth

2024-09-20T12:48:42+07:00

Background: Recent research indicates a global trend of increasing average height, while in contrast, the average height in India is experiencing a concerning decline. Although genetic factors account for 60-80% of an individual's final height, environmental and social factors significantly influence it.

Objectives: The study objective was to analyze the height of the adults belong to Kerala and Tamil Nadu and its associated determinant factors.

Methods: Multi stage sampling method was adopted to identify study samples from two southern districts of India namely Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Different households were randomly selected from the chosen urban areas based on the convenience sampling technique, as per the framed inclusion criteria and included 100 male and female in the age group of 18 to 25 years. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the socio economic, dietary habits, physical activity pattern and anthropometric measurements of the selected samples. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Anova were used to interpret the determining factors.

Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis (R=0.557, p-value=0.001) and Anova (F=144.8 and p-value<0.001) showed the positive significant relationship between nutritional status and height of the participants and moderate (R=0.311, p-value<0.001), but statistically significant positive relationship between physical activity level and height.

Conclusions: The study highlights alarming trends in nutritional status and physical activity among young adults, with both factors showing a significant association with individual height. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving height outcomes in future generations.

The Effectiveness of Digital Pocketbook for the Transformation of the Knowledge and Attitude of Adolescent Girls about the Prevention of Anemia

2024-12-10T16:10:47+07:00

Background: Anemia is a significant health issues among adolescent girls, negatively impacting their life cycle. Bogor City has an anemia prevalence of 28%. The Indonesian Ministry of Health has introduced a digital pocketbook "Prevention of Anemia for Pregnant Women and Adolescent Girls", an educational tool.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the digital pocketbook in improving the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls about preventing anemia.

Methods: This quasi-experiment study used Pretest-Posttest with Control Group design. Samples were purposively chosen from female students in four junior high schools in Bogor (40 students per group per school). Group 1 received Digital Pocket Book with Presentatio, Group 2 received Digital Pocket Book only, and Group 3 served as Control. Changes in knowledge and attitude scores before and after the intervention were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, while the difference among the three groups were tested using Kruskall-Wallis tests with post-hoc analysis (p-value<0.05).

Results: Before the intervention, knowledge and attitudes score was relatively homogeneous (p-value=0.068 and 0.695). After the intervention, Group 1 and 2 showed significant improvements compared to the control. Group 1's knowledge increased significantly (3.01 ± 3.613), followed by Group 2 (1.78 ± 2.947). Attitude improvement was also highest in Group 1 (5.10 ± 7.947), followed by Group 2 (2.65 ± 7.118). Additionally, 95% of respondents rated the digital pocketbook as excellent.

Conclusions: The digital pocketbook iss considered effective and informative in improving the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls about preventing anemia, regardless of additional explanation.

Food Preferences, Eating Habits, and Nutritional Status of Full-Day School Students in Urban Areas

2024-12-04T09:03:47+07:00

Background: Food preferences play an important role in determining eating habits. School-age children spend a significant amount of time in school; therefore, school food environment can influence their eating habits and ultimately their nutritional status.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate eating habits and food preferences (with a focus on vegetables and snacks) among normal, overweight and obese of full-day school children in urban areas of Surabaya City.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a full-day elementary school in Surabaya City, Indonesia, involving 110 students. Dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, while nutritional status was evaluated by measuring weight and height. The students' nutritional status was determined using the BMI-for-age index with the WHO AnthroPlus software. Differences between variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, Fisher’s Exact test, and Likelihood Ratio test.

Results: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity (41.8%) was observed in this study, with boys showing a higher prevalence than girls. Overweight/obese boys tended to eat more frequently and had a lower proportion of breakfast habits compared to girls, although these differences were not statistically significant (p-value>0.05). Food preferences for vegetables (carrot, spinach, water spinach) were similar between normal-weight and overweight/obese children. However, there were slight differences in snack preferences, with boys showing a greater preference for snacks than girls.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of overnutrition among school-aged children, particularly boys, requires greater attention from parents and schools. Both home and school food environments should consistently promote healthy eating to improve children's nutritional status by encouraging regular breakfast habits in boys and providing healthier snack options.

A Systematic Review on 3D Food Printing: Progressing from Concept to Reality

2024-09-20T12:44:02+07:00

Background: Using 3D printing technology, novel items can be created from various materials, including edible ones, addressing the growing importance of sustainable food chains and personalized nutrition. As the latest advancement in additive manufacturing, 3D printing meets diverse customer demands by producing customized food items tailored to individual nutritional needs.

Objectives: This literature evaluation focuses on the applications, technical advancements, and future possibilities of 3D food printing. By assessing recent developments, the study explores its adaptability and transformative potential in addressing global issues such as sustainability and personalized nutrition.

Methods: To include up-to-date and relevant data, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for research on "3D Food Printing," "Food Technology," "Food Formulation," and "Customized Diet" from 2018 to 2024. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted on 31 reports selected from 687 search results after removing duplicates and applying filters.

Discussions: The study highlights the use of 3D food printers for creating dairy products, fish and meat, pasta, biscuits, chocolates, and cereal-based foods. Applications span industries such as space food, elderly and school children's nutrition, military food, hospitals, and restaurants. Future research directions include food characterization through color analysis, moisture content, water activity, physiochemical properties, and microbiological studies.

Conclusions: This study highlights the potential advantages of 3D food printing technology, including healthier food options, novel dining experiences, and diet customization. It underscores its transformative capacity to impact the global economy while addressing sustainability and personalized nutrition challenges.