Amerta Nutrition

Effectiveness of Food Fortification to Anemia in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ulfatul Karomah — 2024-12-31

Background: Anemia is still a global problem with nearly 2 billion people worldwide experiencing anemia by 2021. The population most vulnerable to anemia is adolescent girls. Anemia is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Food fortification is an anemia prevention strategy that is considered the most effective, economical, and able to reach the wider community.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of iron (Fe)-fortified foods, whether or not supplemented with other micronutrients, on adolescent anemia in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: This research follows the PRISMA protocol and PICO rules. The databases used were PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane. Study participants were adolescent girls aged 10-18 who received Fe-fortified food intervention. The comparison was adolescents who were given non-fortified food or a placebo. The outcome of interest was hemoglobin (Hb) level.

Discussions: Of the 482 studies obtained, 10 studies were eligible, and eight studies proceeded to meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the mean change in Hb was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, the variation between studies was heterogeneous (I²=97%, p-value<0.01). The highest mean difference value was fortification in soy sauce with 40 mg NaFeEDTA with Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)=2.88 mg/dL, while the lowest was rice fortification with SMD=0.01 mg/dL.

Conclusions: This study can serve as a reference for creating intervention programs for fortification of foodstuffs to prevent anemia in adolescent girls in developing countries and upper-middle-income countries.

The Effect of Knowledge, Education, Income, and Marriage Age on Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women in Taiz City-Yemen

Lamia A. S. Ali — 2024-12-31

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is one of the most common types of nutritional anemia in pregnant women and is the most dangerous to the mother and fetus; This is because the need for iron for both the mother and the fetus increases gradually during pregnancy and reaches its highest levels at the end of pregnancy.

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the effect of education, income, and age of marriage on the anemia of pregnant women in Taiz City-Yemen.

Methods: The study was carried out utilizing a quantitative design (Descriptive study). From 3rd November 2023, until 30th January 2024. A simple random selection procedure is used to choose six of Taiz City's 10 primary healthcare facilities.101 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 42 took part in the study.

Results: The findings showed that the low knowledge levels (0-35%) had low Hb levels (9.3 mg/dL) when compared with higher knowledge levels (> 50%) with Hb levels (9.92 mg/dL). Furthermore, those Lower marriage age (<20 Years) had low Hb levels (9.46 gm/dL) when compared to marriage age (>25) with Hb levels (10.81 mg/dL). On the other hand, lower education levels were associated with low Hb levels (8.18 mg/dL) when compared to higher education levels.

Conclusions: Findings demonstrated that lower knowledge levels, younger marriage age, lower education, and lower income were associated with lower hemoglobin levels. These factors were linked to a higher prevalence of anemia. Improved education and income levels can lead to better knowledge and management of anemia.

The Difference in Effectiveness of Booklet and Video Media Education on Balanced Nutrition Knowledge of Caregivers for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jabodetabek Area

Tiara Kumala Putri — 2024-12-31

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) require adequate and proper balanced nutrition to support their growth, development, and to prevent nutritional problems. One of the factors influencing nutritional problems is the lack of knowledge among caregivers. Nutrition education can be applied to improve the knowledge of caregivers of children with ASD about balanced nutrition. The use of educational media in the form of booklet and video are considered effective. However, the differences in effectiveness between the two media needs to be analyzed.

Objectives: To determine the differences in the effectiveness of booklet and video media education on the balanced nutrition knowledge among caregivers of children with ASD in the Jabodetabek area.

Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test post-test design. The sample was caregivers of children with ASD in Jabodetabek area who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, totalling 60 people each in the control and experimental group. The sampling technique was cluster sampling with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney test.

Results: The Mann-Whitney test result showed that p-value 0.003 (p-value<0.05) indicating both booklet and video media were effective. The mean score in the video group was greater at 67.23, compared to the mean in the booklet group at 53.77.

Conclusions: Nutritional education using video media is more effective in improving the balanced nutrition knowledge of caregivers of children with ASD compared to booklet.

The Influence of Maternal Knowledge Increase about Pregnant Women's Nutrition on Pregnancy Outcomes in Bengkulu City

Desri Suryani — 2024-12-31

Background: Poor maternal health knowledge indirectly affects pregnancy outcomes. According to previous research, as many as 65% of mothers with poor or below average understanding give birth to children with low birth weight (LBW). Maternal and infant health information is needed.

Objectives: To determine the effect of increased maternal knowledge on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This study used a non-randomized quasi-experimental methodology. The study was conducted in Bengkulu City from August 2023 to January 2024. This study involved pregnant women who lived in the working area of Bengkulu City health centers (five health centers). This study examined education, knowledge, and pregnancy outcomes. Validity and reliability were verified using a questionnaire (0.969 Cronbach's Alpha). Pre- and post-tests were conducted before and one month after school. The dependent t-test assessed the impact of the intervention and the correlation test assessed pregnancy outcomes.

Results: The average maternal knowledge before and after the intervention was 16.58 and 18.08. Pregnant women's understanding changed after the intervention (p-value=0.000). Increased maternal knowledge did not affect pregnancy outcomes (p-value=0.301).

Conclusions: There was an increase knowledge of pregnant women after education provision, but this did not have an impact on pregnancy outcomes. Education about pregnancy nutrition is very necessary so that mothers have good knowledge and maintain their intake.

Factors Associated with the Incidence of Obesity among College Students at Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta

Fairy Amara Rahadian — 2024-12-31

Background: Obesity is a nutritional issue with an escalating prevalence. Riskesdas 2018 indicates that the adult obesity rate has reached 21,8%. College students are in a transitional phase from adolescence to adulthood, which necessitates adaptation to the academic environment that often lead to the development of unhealthy lifestyles. This issue causes college students susceptible to obesity due to risk factors, such as eating patterns, eating behavior, physical activity, and stress.

Objectives: Analyzing factors associated with the incidence of obesity among college students at Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (FIKES UPN) "Veteran" Jakarta.

Methods: Observational analytic research with a cross-sectional design, conducted from February-April 2024, involving 232 respondents. Respondents were selected using the stratified random sampling. Data were obtained using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements then analyzed using the Chi-Square Test.

Results: The statistical analysis indicate that the frequency of sweet food consumption has a p-value of 0.111, sweet beverages frequency (p-value=0.733), high-fat food frequency (p-value=0.036), sweet intake (p-value=1.000), high-fat intake (p-value=0.426), fiber intake (p-value=0.819), emotional eating (p-value=0.057), external eating (p-value=0.871), physical activity (p-value=0.271), and stress (p-value=1.000).

Conclusions: The frequency of consuming high-fat foods has been significantly associated with obesity among college students. Consequently, students are recommended to be more mindful of the frequency of high-fat foods, such as fast food and fried food, to minimize factors contributing to obesity. In contrast, obesity is not associated with the frequency of sweet foods and beverages consumption, sweet intake, high-fat intake, fiber intake, emotional eating, external eating, physical activity, and stress.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of ICU Medical Staff toward Nutrition Care and its Impact on Patient Recovery in Taiz, Yemen

Haitham T. S. Mohammed — 2024-12-31

Background: Proper nutrition is essential for enhancing patient recovery, especially within hospital environments. ICU medical staff are instrumental in providing appropriate nutritional care, which significantly affects patients' health outcomes. However, in Yemen, the lack of knowledge for assessing nutritional requirements, and the importance of nutrients adequacy for patients underscores the importance of improving staff involvement in nutrition care quality management.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of medical staff in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in ninth selected hospitals in Taiz City.

Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design in both governmental and non-governmental hospitals from March 1st,2024 to August 10th,2024. The medical staff who work in ICU were invited to answer questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices related to nutrition care.

Results: Showed that from 87 personal of medical staff in ICUs. Gander and place of work had a significant correlation with their knowledge (p-value=0.049 and p-value=0.007, respectively). Medical staff attitude had no significant correlation. medical staff knowledge/attitude had a significant relationship with Gander and place of work (p-value=0.025 and p-value=0.055, respectively). medical staff practice had a significant relationship with education level and job title (p-value=0.029 and p-value=0.018, respectively). medical staff knowledge and attitude/practice had a significant relationship with Gander (p-value=0.024).

Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that respondents in Taiz, Yemen, had low nutritional KAP scores, indicating inadequate knowledge hindering effective nutrition care in ICUs. High-quality documentation and nutrition knowledge are crucial for improving ICU nutrition practice.

Night Eating Syndrome, Ultra-processed Foods Consumption, and Physical Activity as Risk Factors for Overnutrition in Students of Faculty of Health Science UPN “Veteran” Jakarta

Raishi Amatullah Hanifa — 2024-12-31

Background: Overnutrition among university students is a pressing concern, disrupting academic productivity and increasing the risk of metabolic diseases at a young age. According to RISKESDAS (2018), the prevalence of overweight/obesity among early adulthood populations reached 36%. Dietary patterns, unhealthy lifestyles, and night eating syndrome (NES) may contribute to overnutrition cases in university students.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between night eating syndrome, ultra-processed food consumption, physical activity, and overnutrition among students at the Faculty of Health Science, UPN "Veteran" Jakarta.

Methods: This analytical case-control study included 94 participants (47 case and 47 control), aged 19-24 years, from UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. Inclusion criteria comprised students with Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 (case group) and BMI 18.5-25 (control group). Data collection employed anthropometric measurements, individual assessment using Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Bivariate analysis utilized Chi-square tests.

Results: Results indicated a significant association between night eating syndrome and overnutrition (p-value=0.004, OR=5.214). No significant associations were observed between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption (p-value=0.409) or physical activity (p-value=0.149) and overnutrition.

Conclusions: This study concluded that night eating syndrome significantly predicts overnutrition incidence. Conversely, UPF consumption and physical activity demonstrated no significant associations with overnutrition.

The Effect of the Emo-Demo Method on Mothers' Knowledge, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices in the Sumowono Community Health Center Working Area

Syarifah Zahwana Tasya Al Idroes — 2024-12-31

Background: Breast milk is the main source of nutrition for newborns up to six months of age. Data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) shows a decline in the number of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding in Central Java. This study aimed to see the effect of the Emo-Demo method on mothers' knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy regarding exclusive breastfeeding practices in the Sumowono Community Health Center Working Area.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of the Emo-Demo method on mothers' knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy regarding exclusive breastfeeding practices in the intervention and control groups.

Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, involving 71 respondents: 43 mothers in an intervention group and 28 mothers in a control group. The research instruments included an interview guide, research questionnaires, Emo-Demo method modules, a microtoise, and a digital scale. Data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests).

Results: The Emo-Demo method improved mothers' knowledge and motivation, implying that there were significant effects on both knowledge (<0.001) and motivation (<0.001) between groups. In contrast, there were no significant effects on self-efficacy (0.070) and exclusive breastfeeding practices (0.439) between groups.

Conclusions: The Emo-Demo method was effective in measuring the knowledge and motivation of mothers in the Sumowono Community Health Center Working Area.

Differences in Knowledge of Posyandu Cadres and Mothers of Toddlers Regarding Stunting and Its Association with Stunting Incidence in Toddlers

Erni Rukmana — 2024-12-31

Background: Stunting, a condition where children fail to grow adequately for their age, is a significant public health issue in Indonesia. Health cadres play a vital role role as sources of information and knowledge for mothers of toddlers to prevent stunting.

Objectives: To analyze differences in knowledge between Integrated Health Service Post (Posyandu) cadres and mothers of toddlers regarding stunting, and to examine the relationship between maternal knowledge of stunting and stunting incidence in children.

Methods: This study was conducted in Medan Maimun Subdistrict, Medan City, from June to July 2024, using a cross-sectional design. A total of 68 cadres and 79 mothers of toddlers participated as respondents. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed using univariate analysis, independent sample t-test to compare knowledge levels between groups, And Spearman’s test to assess the relationship between maternal knowledge of stunting and stunting incidence.

Results: Significant differences in stunting knowledge were found between health cadres and mothers of toddlers (p-value=0.003). Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between maternal knowledge of stunting and stunting incidence in children (p-value=0.034). Stunting incidence rates among children were 22.8% and 21.5%, respectively.

Conclusions: Enhancing education and training for mothers of toddlers is essential to prevent stunting. The study also recommends strengthening the role of health cadres in delivering stunting-related education within the community.

Development of Self-Dietary Assessment Application “Diary NutriMe” as a Nutrition Assistance Tool for Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Nila Reswari Haryana — 2024-12-31

Background: Inadequate nutritional intake is often influenced by lack of knowledge among adolescents regarding the quantity and types of food they should consume, impacting their nutritional status. With technology being an integral part of modern life, it can be leveraged to improve adolescents' dietary practices by enhancing their knowledge of balanced nutrition.

Objectives: To develop the self-dietary assessment application, Diary NutriMe, as a nutritional assistance tool for overweight adolescents to improve their nutritional knowledge and dietary intake.

Methods: This study employed the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. The feasibility assessment of the Diary NutriMe application was conducted by material and media experts using a checklist questionnaire with a Likert scale ranging from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), categorized into five levels: highly feasible to not feasible. The implementation involved improving nutritional knowledge among 36 overweight/obese adolescent students.

Results: The application features included a login system, nutritional status calculation, nutrient requirement estimation, food intake records, physical activity logs, a collection of nutrition education materials, and a chat feature. The material feasibility assessment received an average score of 90.7%, categorized as highly feasible, while the media feasibility assessment received an average score of 86.7%, also categorized as highly feasible. Statistical analysis using a T-test indicated no significant difference in respondents' knowledge (p-value=0.51). However, there was an increase in the average nutritional knowledge score by 7.7 points before and after using the Diary NutriMe application.

Conclusions: The Diary NutriMe application is highly feasible as a nutritional assistance tool for adolescents with overweight conditions.

The Association of Food Security, Parenting Patterns, and Nutritional Adequacy Levels with Stunting among Toddlers Aged 6–59 Months at the Dawe Community Health Center, Kudus

Tarisca Rahmatika — 2024-12-31

Background: Stunting is a significant issue in Kudus District, with a 2023 prevalence of 15.7%, driven by factors like parenting patterns, food security, and nutritional intake. Despite being food-secure, the Dawe Health Center area has the third-highest stunting rate in Kudus Regency.

Objectives: Examine the correlations of family food security, nutritional adequacy levels, and parenting patterns with the incidence of stunting among toddlers at the Dawe Community Health Center.

Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 86 mother-toddler pairs at the Dawe Community Health Center purposively. Data on stunting in toddlers and maternal height were assessed using anthropometric measurements. Information on general characteristics, parenting patterns, and household food security was gathered with interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Nutritional intake data were collected with 2×24-hour recall and the SQ-FFQ. Associations were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results: The study found that respondents had good parenting patterns (58.1%) and were food-secure (74.4%). Energy (73.3%), zinc (91.9%), calcium (57%), iron (54.7%), and vitamin D (38.4%) intake were sufficient. In addition, all toddlers had sufficient protein and vitamin A. Bivariate test results showed that parenting patterns (p-value = 0.004), food security (p-value=0.006), energy adequacy (p-value<0.001), and calcium adequacy (p-value<0.001) were correlated with stunting. Multivariate test showed that energy adequacy (OR=7.7; p-value=0.003), calcium adequacy (OR=5.2; p-value=0.007), and parenting patterns (OR=5.3; p-value=0.006) were dominant factors associated with stunting.

Conclusions: The dominant factors influencing the occurence of stunting among toddlers at the Dawe Community Health Center were the levels of nutritional adequacy (energy, calcium) and parenting patterns.

Factors Influencing the Menstrual Cycle of Female College Students in Depok, Indonesia

Syania Fitri — 2024-12-31

Background: Adolescence is a critical period in life when reproductive organs mature and develop, especially in teenage girls. The menstrual cycle plays a crucial role in female reproductive health, often disrupted by various factors.

Objectives: This research aims to identify factors affecting the menstrual cycle in female college students in Depok.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 193 participants selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection included fast food consumption habits (measuring frequency and the amount of fat intake) using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), sleep quality assessment using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), stress levels evaluation using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and menstrual cycles assessment using the menstrual cycle questionnaire. Statistical analysis employed chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.

Results: No significant correlation was observed between the frequency of fast food consumption and the menstrual cycle (p-value=0.780). Conversely, fat intake (p-value=0.027; OR=2.6), sleep quality (p-value=0.009; OR=10.8), and stress levels (p-value<0,001; OR=7.19) showed a significant correlation with the menstrual cycle. Multivariate analysis identified stress level as the predominant factor (p-value<0.001; OR=9.411).

Conclusions: This research concluded that there is a significant correlation between fat intake, sleep quality, stress levels, and the menstrual cycles among college students in Depok. Stress level emerged as the primary factor affecting adolescent respondents' menstrual cycles.

The Relationship Physical Fitness with Learning Achievement of High School Students in Semarang

Indriana Rahma Nidya — 2024-12-31

Background: Many parents encourage their children to take additional lessons to enhance their academic performance, while other important aspects, such as students' physical fitness, are often overlooked.

Objectives: This research investigates the relationship between physical fitness and learning achievement among high school students in Semarang.

Methods: This observational study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 396 high school students in Semarang, with 86 subjects selected randomly. The dependent variable was learning achievement, measured by the raw scores of the final semester exams. The independent variable was physical fitness, while the other confounding variables included nutritional status, food consumption, socioeconomic conditions, health status, and participation in private tutoring. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour food recall method. Body Mass Index for age (BMI/A) was calculated using weight and height to evaluate nutritional status. The multistage fitness test was utilized to assess physical fitness. Additional data were collected through interviews. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.

Results: The results indicated that most subjects had inadequate nutrient intake, with low percentages for energy (55.8%), carbohydrates (76.7%), protein (45.3%), and iron (64%). In contrast, fat intake was predominantly categorized as excessive (39.5%). While most subjects exhibited good nutritional status (79.1%), their physical fitness levels were primarily poor (58.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that good physical fitness and participation in additional lessons were positively correlated with learning achievement (p-value=0.025, p-value=0.017).

Conclusions: Enhancing physical fitness is essential for improving student learning outcomes. Participating in supplementary activities, such as attending additional lessons, is also necessary to improve student learning achievement.

The Effect of Food Diversity, Junk Food, and High Sugar Products on The Incidence of Overnutrition in Adolescent of SMAN 6 Depok

Salma Aulia Kencanaputri — 2024-12-31

Background: The problem of overnutrition in adolescents (10-18 years) is currently quite high, >15%. Food intake is known to affect nutritional status. Consumption of diverse foods reduces the risk of overnutrition in adolescents. However, adolescents today more often consume poor food intake, such as foods high in sugar, fat, and sodium and low in fiber. It is common knowledge that they increase the risk of overnutrition.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between the habit of dietary diversity, sugary food and beverages, and junk food consumption with overnutrition in adolescents.

Methods: This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at SMAN 6 Depok. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. The sample consisted of 112 respondents, calculated using Lemeshow's formula for the difference between two proportions and selected using stratified random sampling. Validity and reliability tests with a significance level of 0.05 have been carried out on the questionnaire before being distributed.

Results: The validity test showed validity, and the reliability test showed a Cronbach Alpha value > r table (0.314). Bivariate analysis showed the adolescents did not experience overnutrition (80.4%), adolescents consumed a variety of foods (86.6%), rarely consumed sugary foods (80.4%) and sugary beverages (69.6%), and junk foods (70.5%)

Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between dietary diversity, sugary food and beverages, junk food consumption, and overnutrition in adolescents.

Factors Related to Overnutrition among High School Teachers in Bogor City

Lizbeth Maureen Regina Lende — 2024-12-31

Background: Teachers play a vital role in education and must maintain productivity. However, some teachers face overnutrition due to spending most of their working hours on low-physical-activity tasks. Previous research in vocational high schools (SMK) in Bogor City reported that 37.3% of teachers were classified as having level I obesity, while 10.7% had level II obesity.

Objectives: This study aims to examine factors associated with overnutrition among senior high school (SMA) teachers in Bogor City and to analyze differences in overnutrition risk factors between public and private schools.

Methods: A cross-sectional design with a total sampling method was employed, involving 121 teachers, comprising 60 from public schools and 61 from private schools. Data collection included questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, analyzed using Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results: The analysis revealed significant associations between overnutrition and factors such as age (p-value<0.05), family income (p-value<0.05), physical activity (p-value<0.05), energy intake (p-value<0.001), protein intake (p-value<0.001), fat intake (p-value<0.001), carbohydrate intake (p-value<0.001), and nutritional knowledge (p-value<0.001). Gender, vegetable and fruit consumption, and stress (p-value>0.05) showed no association. Significant differences were found in physical activity (p-value<0.05), stress (p-value<0.05), protein intake (p-value<0.05), fat intake (p-value<0.05), carbohydrate intake (p-value<0.05), and vegetable (p-value<0.001) and fruit (p-value<0.001) consumption between public and private school teachers.

Conclusions: Factors associated with overnutrition among high school teachers in Bogor City include age, physical activity, dietary intake (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates), nutritional knowledge, and family income, with significant differences between public and private schools.

The Association Between Night Time Eating, Fat Intake, and The Incidence of Overweight Among University Students in Medan City

Yatty Sandy — 2024-12-31

Background: University students are the age group of late adolescents who are still undergoing growth and development. Growth and development must be supported by balanced nutritional intake and healthy eating habits. Currently, an emerging trend is that numerous campus activities and academic demands often lead students to develop nighttime eating habits, typically involving high-fat foods, outside of regular mealtimes.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between nighttime eating, fat intake, and the incidence of overweight among college students.

Methods: The research design was cross-sectional, with purposive sampling technique. A total of 106 students, aged 19-23 years, participated in this study. The instruments used included the Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ) to assess night eating habits, a 24-hour food recall questionnaire to estimate fat intake, weight scales and microtoice to calculate Body Mass Index and determine nutritional status. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square and logistic regression.

Results: There was a relationship between night time eating and the incidence of overnutrition (p-value = 0.040). There was also a significant relationship between fat intake and the incidence of overweight (p-value = 0.005) among college students. The results further indicate that adolescents with nighttime eating are 3.785 times more likely to being overweight. Additionally, adolescents with high fat intake are 3,814 times more likely to be overnourished.

Conclusions: Eating habits and nutritional intake are crucial to create healthy and productive adolescents.

The Relationship between Mid Upper Arm Circumference and Newborn Anthropometry Outcomes in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Andriani Mulyono — 2024-12-31

Background: Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) during pregnancy is used to determine Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Pregnant women with CED are at risk of giving birth with Low Birth Weight (LBW), short, and wasting babies. Data from the West Sumatra Health Office show that the number of women suffering from continues to increase. The percentage of LBW per 1000 live births is also high and has not decreased significantly.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between MUAC and newborn anthropometry outcomes in West Sumatera, Indonesia.

Methods: This research used secondary data from the VDPM Cohort Study with 184 pairs of mothers and babies. The variables taken in this study were MUAC, Birth Weight (BWG), Birth Body Length (BLG), Birth Head Circumference (HDC), and Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Data analysis used descriptive analysis, Spearman Correlation, and Wilcoxon tests.

Results: There was a significant positive correlation between MUAC and the anthropometry of newborn babies (p-value<0.05, for all comparisons). The greater the MUAC, the greater the anthropometry outcomes. However, the correlation was weak. There was a significant relationship between MUAC and SGA (p-value≤0.001). Babies with appropriate gestational age (AGA) had normal MUAC status and women who had CED status most likely gave birth to a baby with an SGA status.

Conclusions: The MUAC status of pregnant women determines newborn anthropometry outcomes. Therefore, mothers can prepare for pregnancy by maintaining their health and nutritional status. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Program for Providing Iron Tablets in Schools and Reducing the Incidence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Padang City

Rita Asriyanti — 2024-12-31

Background: Anemia among reproductive-age women can lead to significant nutritional issues for future generations. In Indonesia, the anemia prevalence rate among women is alarmingly high at 30.44%. A key strategy to reduce anemia is the distribution of iron tablets (Fe) in schools.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the iron tablet program in schools and its relationship to the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls in Padang City.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. A cross-sectional design assessed the relationship between iron tablet distribution and anemia prevalence. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews to explore the program's implementation. The study involved two schools in Padang City, randomly selecting a sample of 274 adolescent girls. Data were collected using standardized instruments, analyzed with statistical software, and examined using multiple logistic regression tests.

Results: The iron tablets program hasn’t been optimally implemented. The study found 28.1% of adolescent girls were anemic. An iron tablet consumption history (p-value=0.035), the quantity consumed (p-value=0.034), father's education level (p-value=0.039), and nutritional knowledge (p-value=0.032) related with anemic. Girls who did not consume iron tablets were 3.03 times more likely to be anemic. Many expressed concerns about the potential negative effects of iron tablets.

Conclusions: This study reveals a troubling prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls, with nearly one-third affected. Inadequate iron tablet consumption, along with parental education and nutritional knowledge, significantly contributes to this issue. Concerns about side effects emphasize the urgent need for targeted educational interventions.

The Relationship Between Iron Intake, Vitamin C, and Body Fat Percentage with the Incidence of Anemia in Adolescent Girls at Askhabul Kahfi Islamic Boarding School Semarang City

Angga Hardiansyah — 2024-12-31

Background: Anemia is a medical condition that arises from a deficiency of certain nutrients and is commonly observed in both developed and developing countries. Deficiencies in essential nutrients, such as iron, folic acid, protein, and vitamin C, are frequent causes of anemia in adolescents. Additionally, other factors, including body fat percentage, may also contribute to the condition.

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between iron intake, vitamin C intake, and body fat percentage among adolescent girls at Askhabul Kahfi Islamic Boarding School in Semarang City.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 65 adolescent girls selected using proportionate stratified sampling. Iron and vitamin C intake data were collected through interviews using the SQ-FFQ. Body fat percentage was measured using the Omron HBF-212 BIA device, and anemia was diagnosed based on hemoglobin levels using the EasyTouch GCHb device. Bivariate analysis was conducted with the Gamma correlation test, and multivariate analysis used ordinal logistic regression.

Results: Among the respondents, 33 (50.8%) had adequate iron intake, 35 (53.2%) had adequate vitamin C intake, 43 (66.2%) had normal body fat percentages, and 42 (64.6%) were not anemia. A significant relationship was found between iron intake (p-value = 0.010) and body fat percentage (p-value = 0.009) with anemia incidence. No significant relationship was found between vitamin C intake (p-value = 0.095) and anemia.

Conclusions: Iron intake and body fat percentage are significantly relationship with anemia in adolescent girls, with iron intake being the most influential factor.

Evaluation of the Nutrition Heart Program Through the Four Elements of Community Empowerment Approach

Rika Satyadewi — 2024-12-31

Background: The Nutrition Heart Program is a community empowerment initiative implemented to enhance the weight of toddlers based on local food capabilities. The 2024 evaluation results revealed that 46.85% of participants experienced fluctuating weight trends. Narayan's four elements of community empowerment (access to information, inclusion/participation, accountability, local organizational capacity) play a crucial role in future program enhancements.

Objectives: To assess the Nutrition Heart Program based on the four elements of community empowerment.

Methods: The research was conducted using a qualitative design and was conducted in 10 nutrition centers supported by Amerta Kasih. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews with cadre representatives, pregnant women, and field assistants at each nutrition center. Triangulation of methods was utilized to validate the validity of the results of data collection, namely by observation and document studies.

Results: Access to information on the program includes the use of WhatsApp, flyers, field facilitators, and health workers. Most mothers of toddlers actively participated, although some were also mothers of toddlers who were passive due to work commitments. Cadres play an active role in program implementation, handling certain administrative reports are done by cadres as a form of accountability. There are no local organizations engaged in program implementation.

Conclusions: Three of the four elements of community empowerment are evident in the nutrition heart program. Efforts should be made to establish or involve local organizations in program implementation of the program, as well as efforts to optimize the implementation of the other three empowerment elements.

Factors Related to The Incidence of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Females at SMAIT Raflesia Depok in 2024

Syafila — 2024-12-31

Background: Adolescence marks the onset of puberty, during which physiological and hormonal changes occur. In female adolescents, one of the primary indicators of puberty is the initiation of menstruation. During the menstrual phase, some adolescents experience lower abdominal pain, known as dysmenorrhea. Various factors, including body fat percentage and nutrient intake, have been identified as contributors to dysmenorrhea.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between body fat percentage, fat intake, and the levels of iron, calcium, and magnesium intake on the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at SMAIT Raflesia Depok in 2024.

Methods: The study was conducted in February 2024 at SMAIT Raflesia Depok, utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 103 female students from grades X and XI, aged 14 to 17 years, selected through stratified random sampling. Study variables included body fat percentage, fat intake, iron intake, calcium intake, magnesium intake, and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results: Analysis revealed a significant association between iron intake (p-value=0.009), calcium intake (p-value=0.006), and magnesium intake (p-value=0.020) with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea. However, no significant association was observed for body fat percentage (p-value=0.349) or fat intake (p-value=0.616).

Conclusions: This study highlights a significant association between the intake of iron, calcium, and magnesium and the occurrence of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at SMAIT Raflesia Depok in 2024. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy body fat percentage and ensuring adequate nutritional intake to reduce the risk of dysmenorrhea in this population.

Safety and Quality of Complementary Food (MPASI) as Disaster Emergency Rations Using Retort Pouch Packaging Technology

Nanang Nasrulloh — 2024-12-31

Background: Natural disaster is frequently causing disruptions to food availability, including complementary food (MPASI) for toddlers. Therefore, innovation in MPASI as disaster emergency rations with long shelf life and safe for consumption is required through retort pouch packaging technology.

Objectives: This research aimed to evaluate safety and quality of MPASI using retort pouch technology during different storage periods.

Methods: The experiment was carried out using a single-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. The treatment factor used was storage periods of 7, 14, and 21 days with 2 repetitions. Analysis of nutritional content including moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and ash as well as safety aspects was carried out through total bacteria count test using the pour plate method. The preparation of MPASI included formulating ingredients such as rice, egg, carrot, green onion, and butter, followed by packaging in retort pouches, sealing, and sterilizing at 121.5°C for 15 minutes. The data analysis used was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine significance among treatments.

Results: The results showed that there was no significant effect of the storage periods on the nutritional content of carbohydrates (p-value = 0.272), protein (p-value = 0.730), fat (p-value = 0.748), ash (p-value = 0.848), and moisture (p-value = 0.806). Similarly, there was no significant effect of storage periods on total bacteria count where the value was still in safe limits (<10 colonies/g).

Conclusions: Retort pouch packaging showed the potential to increase the shelf life of MPASI as well as maintain safety and quality.

The Interaction between Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Status and Gestational Weight Gain on Newborn Anthropometry Outcomes in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Ammara Asya Anugerahwati — 2024-12-31

Background: Mother's nutritional status before and during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth and development. The prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) incidence in West Sumatra has increased from 3.11% (2019) to 3.4% (2021).

Objectives: To analyze the interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI status and gestational weight gain on newborn anthropometry in West Sumatra.

Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study from the Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) 2018 study with a prospective cohort design and the follow-up analysis was in February-April 2024. This study involved 175 pregnant women and newborns who met the predetermined criteria. Variables examined included pre-pregnancy BMI status, gestational weight gain, and newborn anthropometry. Data analysis used Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation test, and multivariate General Linear Model (GLM).

Results: Research findings showed a correlation between pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (p-value 0.049, r=-1.4). Pre-pregnancy BMI correlated with birth weight (p-value=0.003, r=0.2) and body length (p-value=0.045, r=0.1), but not with head circumference (p-value=0.054). Gestational weight gain had no significant relationship with newborn anthropometry (p-value 0.512 for birth weight, p-value 0.368 for body length, and 0.368 for head circumference). No interaction was found between pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain status on newborn anthropometric measurements with a p-value of 0.739 for birth weight, 0.377 for body length, and 0.175 for head circumference.

Conclusions: The results show no interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI status and gestational weight gain on newborn anthropometry. Women are encouraged to pay attention to nutrition before and during pregnancy to optimize maternal and infant health.

The Effect of Honey Kefir on the Lipid Profile of Sprague Dawley Rats with Metabolic Syndrome

Ibnu Malkan Bakhrul Ilmi — 2024-12-31

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized as a collection of metabolic changes in the body that occur concurrently, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and blood pressure instability that can be improved through functional food products. One of the functional food products who prevents metabolic syndrome is honey kefir.

Objectives: Analyzing the effect of goat milk kefir with the addition of randu honey on lipid profiles, specifically levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels in diabetic rats.

Methods: This study uses design true experimental research with pre-post test with control group design on 42 male Sprague Dawley rats which were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely healthy control (KS), negative control (KN), quercetin positive group (K1), metformin group (K2), kefir group (P1), and preventive group (P2). Groups KN, K1, K2, P1, and P2 were induced with metabolic syndrome. Groups KN, K1, K2, P1, and P2 were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) of 40 mg/kg BW. Group P2 was given 1.8 ml/200 g BW honey kefir simultaneously during STZ induction and High Fat Diet (HFD). The treatment of each group was carried out for 21 days. Group P1 was given 1.8 ml/200 g BW honey kefir. Measurement of lipid levels used the Cholesterol Oxidase Para Amino Phenazone (CHOD-PAP) method for total cholesterol and LDL levels, and Gliseril Phospo Para Amino Phenazon (GPO-PAP) for triglyceride levels. The research data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA, and related data were further examined using Duncan's post hoc test.

Results: After 21 days of intervention, P1 rats had cholesterol levels of 117.7±7.49 mg/dl; triglycerides 106.82±7.79 mg/dl; LDL 43.57±1.89 mg/dl. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels of P1 mice were not significantly different from K1 and K2 (p-value>0.05).

Conclusions: Honey kefir can improve the lipid profile of diabetic mice such as quercetin and metformin.

Family Characteristics, Food Security, Expenditure, and Dietary Diversity among Families with and without Concurrently Wasted and Stunted Children in Semarang

Rachma Purwanti — 2024-12-31

Background: Family characteristics, food security, expenditure, and diversity are indirectly associated with children's nutritional status.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the differences between food security, expenditure, and diversity among children under five with and without concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) in Semarang City.

Methods: This study utilized an observational analytic approach with cross-sectional design. Subject selection using a consecutive sampling method obtained 72 subjects consisting of 18 subjects in each group of normal, stunted, wasted, and concurrently wasted and stunted (WaSt). Structured questionnaires collected data on the characteristics of fathers, mothers, and families. Interviews were conducted using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), which was obtained to measure food security among families. In contrast, the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) was used to obtain food diversity. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. A confidence level of 95% was utilized, and the results were significant, with a p-value<0.05

Results: There were significant differences in age, maternal nutrition knowledge, family income, food security, food expenditure, and food diversity between children under five with and without WaSt (p-value=0.010; 0.002; 0.026; 0.001; <0.001; 0.021).

Conclusion: The WaSt group has a different age composition, maternal nutritional knowledge, family income, food security, food expenditure, and food diversity from other groups.

Leveraging the Aspects of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice as an Alternative to Prevent Detrimental Impacts of Stunting

Novia Luthviatin — 2024-12-31

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is recorded at 21.6% among children under five, while the WHO target for 2025 is less than 14%. Prevention efforts are crucial for mitigating its detrimental impacts. One of the early prevention efforts is health education about nutrition through strengthening knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to healthy food consumption.

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the differences in the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in school-age children following health education about nutrition.

Methods: This study used a pre-experimental method involving 40 students aged 13 to 15 years. All students received nutritional health education through drama performances and lectures about healthy food and practiced bringing healthy packed meals at certain times. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Friedman test.

Results: Descriptive analysis showed an increase in the average values of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant increase in knowledge (p-value=0.035) before and after the intervention. Meanwhile, the Friedman test revealed a significant increase in practices (p-value<0.001) before and after the intervention, with the practice of bringing and consuming healthy packed meals remaining consistent up to four weeks after the intervention.

Conclusions: Interventions using drama performances, lectures, and the provision of healthy packed meals significantly increased knowledge and practices among junior high school students. These interventions can be used by schools and related agencies to promote the habit of bringing healthy food to prevent the negative impacts of stunting.

Posyandu Service Utilization as a Dominant Risk Factor for Under-Five Faltering Growth in the Area of Pringsurat Community Health Center

Diah Aprilia Putri — 2024-12-31

Background: Faltering growth is a precursor to nutritional problems, yet government efforts often fail to address region-specific causes. The agricultural area of Pringsurat Community Health Center has the highest incidence of faltering growth in Temanggung Regency.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for faltering growth in children under five in the area of Pringsurat Community Health Center.

Methods: This study employed a case-control design involving 104 children (52 with growth failure and 52 without). Subjects were randomly selected from integrated service posts (posyandu) in villages with the highest cases of growth failure within the research area. Growth failure was defined by a stagnant weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) across three weight measurements. Data on growth failure were collected through weight measurements, while data on factors associated with growth failure were obtained from interviews and the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book records. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared and logistic regression tests.

Results: The majority of the subjects were female, aged 24-59 months, had normal birth weight, had a history of infections, utilized posyandu services, received good parenting, and consumed insufficient energy but adequate protein. The main risk factor for failure to thrive was posyandu service underutilization (OR=2.564; 95% CI [1.163-5.654]; p-value=0.019). Factors such as parenting practices, a history of infection, birth weight, gender, and protein consumption were not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Posyandu service underutilization is the predominant risk factor for growth failure among children under five in the area of Pringsurat Community Health Center.

Low Maternal Nutrition Knowledge and Insufficient Energy Intake in Toddlers as Risk Factors for Stunting in Agricultural Areas

Shabrina Nuril Zhafira — 2024-12-31

Background: Stunting is a significant nutritional problem in Indonesia, with higher incidence rates compared to other nutritional problems. Its influencing factors include toddler’s nutritional intake, parenting practices, environmental health, access to health services, mother’s education, and family food security.

Objectives: This study sought to identify the most significant factors that contribute to the incidence of stunting in Sumowono District.

Methods: This quantitative case-control study compared mothers of stunted toddlers (ages 12–59 months) against those of normally developing toddlers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. The risk factors for stunting examined in this study included mother’s knowledge, family food security, toddler’s nutritional intake, mother’s age, father’s occupation, family income, Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) recipient status, parenting practices, access to health services, and environmental health. Data were collected using questionnaire surveys, observations, and 24-hour recalls. Data analysis used bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) methods.

Results: Most mothers of stunted toddlers had poor knowledge (81.1%) and lived in food-insecure families (86.5%). Bivariate tests showed associations between stunting and factors such as father’s occupation (p-value=0.019), family income (p-value=0.001), mother’s knowledge (p-value=0.001), family food security (p-value=0.001), energy intake (p-value=0.001), protein intake (p-value=0.001), vitamin A intake (p-value=0.036), vitamin D intake (p-value=0.027), zinc intake (p-value=0.036), parenting practices (p-value=0.011), and environmental health (p-value=0.001). The main factors found to influence stunting were mother’s knowledge (OR=19.144; CI: 1.919–190.953; p-value=0.012) and toddler’s energy intake (OR=227.996; CI: 16.899–3,076.100; p-value=0.001).

Conclusions: The incidence of stunting in Sumowono District was significantly influenced by mother’s knowledge and toddler’s energy intake.

Analysis of Risk Factors Contributing to Hypertension in Pre-Elderly and Elderly Populations in the Kedaung Subdistrict, Depok, Indonesia

Gibran Wirayudha — 2024-12-31

Background: West Java Province ranks third in Indonesia's highest incidence of hypertension. According to Depok City Health Office data, 3,283 individuals aged ≥15 years in the Kedaung Subdistrict suffer from hypertension, highlighting multifactorial causes beyond aging.

Objectives: To identify the primary risk factors for hypertension in pre-elderly and elderly individuals in the Kedaung Subdistrict.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving pre-elderly and elderly individuals from the Kedaung Subdistrict. The research sample comprised 50 participants selected using stratified random sampling techniques. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire. Univariate analysis was performed using frequency distribution, bivariate analysis using chi-square tests, and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression test.

Results: Nutritional status (p-value=0.028) and sodium intake (p-value=0.016) were significantly associated with hypertension among pre-elderly and elderly individuals in the Kedaung Subdistrict. Conversely, family history (p-value=0.615) and smoking habits (p-value=0.459) showed no significant association with hypertension.

Conclusions: Sodium (sodium) intake was identified as a significant risk factor for hypertension among pre-elderly and elderly individuals in the Kedaung Subdistrict. Individuals with excessive sodium intake have a higher likelihood of developing hypertension compared to those with lower sodium consumption. Pre-elderly and elderly populations are advised to monitor and regulate their sodium intake to reduce the risk of hypertension.

Behaviour Modification to Improve Profile of Diet Quality and Body Composition of Overweight and Obesity Islamic Students

Intan Sepna Fidiasari — 2024-12-31

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents is significantly high. Overweight and obesity among Islamic students (referred to as santri in Indonesian) are caused by low diet quality, characterized by inappropriate food intake and low physical activity (energy expenditure). Behavior modification is needed to improve diet quality and body composition.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of a nutrition class on diet quality, body fat percentage, and waist circumference among female Islamic boarding school students.

Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation employed a pre-post test group design with 34 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The subjects consisted of 17 treatment and 17 control subjects. The treatment group participated in a santri nutrition class involving four nutrition education sessions and 12 aerobic exercise sessions in a month. Diet quality data were gathered using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) form. Body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and waist circumference was measured using Medline. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and paired t-test.

Results: Subjects with overweight and obesity exhibited low diet quality. Differences in diet quality changes, variation, and adequacy components were observed between the treatment and control groups (p-value=0.001, 0.029, 0.001, respectively). There was no significant differences in changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference between the two groups (p-value=0.487, 0.385, respectively).

Conclusions: The santri nutritional class positively impacts diet quality, variation score, adequacy score, and waist circumference among overweight and obese female Islamic boarding school students.

Student Characteristics, Acceptability, and Suitability of Portion Standards with Recommended Dietary Allowance in School Meals at Al Furqan Primary School, Jember Regency

Janiyah Intan Fitriani — 2024-12-31

Background: The school food program has the potential to contribute 30% of the total calories. The small size of students' lunch portions reduces their nutrient intake. SD Al Furqan Jember is an elementary school that has been implementing lunch programs for almost a decade. However, we have not yet assessed the appropriateness of the portions provided to students.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the student characteristics, acceptability, and suitability of portion standards in food provision at SD Al-Furqan Jember.

Methods: This research was descriptive and employed a cross-sectional methodology. The sample consisted of 61 respondents, while the population of this study consisted of 120 sixth-grade students who attended school lunch.

Results: The findings indicated that the nutritional status of 40 students was normal, and there was a greater number of female students than male students among the 11-12-year-old respondents. Students generally found the food to be acceptable, with the third menu being the most preferred (crisp chicken) and the eighth menu being the least preferred (sour vegetables). The portion standards from 20 menu cycles were primarily not in accordance with 30% of AKG. The energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate categories were not aligned with 18 menus, 17 menus, 16 menus, and 16 menus for female students, and 14 menus, 13 menus, 16 menus, and 17 menus for male students.

Conclusions: The Crispy Chicken Menu is the most popular. The standard portion of each menu is primarily not in accordance with AKG.

Optimization of Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Activity of Instant Porridge based on Parboiled Rice and Mocaf Flour Fortified with Red Spinach

Zulfa Nur Hanifa — 2024-12-31

Background: Instant porridge is a type of processed food that does not require cooking in its preparation. The use parboiled rice, mocaf flour, and red spinach in instant porridge production offers a viable alternative for developing nutrient-dense and antioxidant-rich processed foods. Parboiled rice, a modified rice variant, is selected for its low glycemic index and high nutritional value. Mocaf flour, a gluten-free alternative, is used to enhance the product's nutritional profile, while red spinach is added to boost the antioxidant content of the instant porridge.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the proximate composition and evaluate the antioxidant activity of instant porridge.

Methods: The instant porridge was formulated with a composition of 70% parboiled rice, 30% mocaf flour, and 2% red spinach. Proximate analysis was performed to determine the moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content, following the methods outlined in the AOAC 1995 guidelines. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to assess the porridge's free radical scavenging capacity.

Results: The instant porridge produced was found to have a high nutritional content. The antioxidant activity was evaluated based on the IC₅₀ value, the instant porridge demonstrated a notable IC₅₀ value of 73.28 μg/ml, indicating that it possesses strong antioxidant properties / indicating that it is categorized as a strong antioxidant. The nutritional and antioxidant properties of the instant porridge can be attributed to the main ingredients used in its production.

Conclusions: The instant porridge produced provided high nutritional content and antioxidant activity, making it a good choice for meeting daily nutritional needs.

Effectiveness of an E-booklet on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Enhancing Knowledge and Attitudes of Third-Trimester Pregnant Women

Edy Marjuang Purba — 2024-12-31

Background: Knowledge and attitudes of third-trimester pregnant women significantly affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This period is critical for mothers to prepare for childbirth, including understanding infant nutrition. Enhancing knowledge and attitudes requires effective media aligned with technological advancements, such as an E-booklet.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an E-booklet on exclusive breastfeeding in enhancing the knowledge and attitudes of third-trimester pregnant women in the Tuntungan Health Center area.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. A total of 60 third-trimester pregnant women (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) were chosen through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of distributing an E-booklet over a two-week period. Changes in knowledge and attitudes were evaluated using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results: Most participants in both groups were aged 20–25 years (50.0% and 56.7%), had higher education (73.3% and 70.0%), parity ≤2 (63.3% and 66.7%), were unemployed (63.3% and 56.7%), and had high incomes (60.0% and 56.7%). The experimental group showed a mean knowledge score increase of 5.70 (SD=2.57) compared to 0.86 (SD=1.37) in the control group. Attitude scores increased by 8.87 (SD=3.37) in the experimental group compared to 1.43 (SD=3.65) in the control group. Mann-Whitney analysis indicated that the E-booklet significantly improved knowledge and attitudes (p-value=0.001).

Conclusions: The E-booklet effectively enhanced the knowledge and attitudes of third-trimester pregnant women regarding exclusive breastfeeding. It is a promising educational tool to promote exclusive breastfeeding in communities.

The Association Between Food Safety Knowledge and Attitude with Optimistic Bias among Food Handlers in Senior High School Canteens in Magelang City, Indonesia

Dwi Budiningsari — 2024-12-31

Background: Foodborne diseases are a significant global concern, with food available in educational institutions being a common source of food poisoning in Indonesia. The lack of attention to hygiene and sanitation by food handlers is a key factor, often influenced by optimistic bias, resulting in insufficient focus on proper food processing and serving procedures.

Objectives: To examine the correlation between food safety knowledge and attitudes with optimistic bias in food handlers in five State High Schools canteens, Magelang City.

Methods: This cross sectional study included a total of 41 food handlers who work at the canteens of five State High School, Magelang City. The independent variables were food safety knowledge and attitudes, while the dependent variable was optimistic bias. The categories of food safety knowledge variable consist of good and poor food safety knowledge. Food safety attitudes was categorized as positive attitudes and negative attitudes. The categories of variable optimistic bias consist of high, possible, and low optimistic bias. The Spearman correlation test was conducted.

Results: The results of the correlation test between food safety knowledge and attitudes with optimistic bias among food handlers in five State High School canteens, Magelang City showed p-value= 0,704 and 0,498.

Conclusions: Food safety knowledge and attitudes are not significantly correlated with optimistic bias among food handlers in five State High School canteens, Magelang City. Food safety training supervised by public health office is needed to improve the quality of service.

The Relationship between Menu Anxiety, Food Preference, Eating Habits, and the Nutritional Status of Generation Z in Cinere, Depok

Khoirul Anwar — 2024-12-31

Background: Generation Z is driving modern shopping trends influenced by technology. One of the emerging phenomena is Menu anxiety, which is described as the feeling of anxiety in choosing food. This condition can potentially lead to suboptimal nutritional intake, affecting the nutritional status.

Objectives: The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between anxiety menu, food selection, eating habits, and the nutritional status of Generation Z in Cinere area, Depok.

Methods: It used a cross-sectional research design with 90 Generation Z subjects aged 16-18 years at Dian Didaktika Islamic Private High School (SMAS), Cinere, Depok. The data collected included subject characteristics, Eating habits, and eating patterns based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Weight and height were measured directly. A bivariate test was used with Spearman Rank.

Results: As many as 65.5% of subjects experienced menu anxiety, with 86.2% choosing a menu based on taste. The main reasons for difficulty in choosing a menu were fear of regret (41.4%) and menu choices (26.4%). Subjects consumed fruits (46.0%) and vegetables (40.2%) about 2-4 days/week, and had good nutritional status. There was a relationship between the frequency of eating out and the nutritional status of the subject based on the Body Mass Index by age (BMI/A) (p-value=0.019, r=0.252), but there was no significant relationship between the habit of eating fruit, vegetables, sweet snacks and sweet drinks and the nutritional status (p-value>0.05).

Conclusions: Eating out habits are related to nutritional status. Menu anxiety, consideration in food selection, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweet snacks, and sweet drinks do not have any relationship with nutritional status.

The Effect of Food Bars Made from Katuk Leaf and Torbangun Leaf on the Toxicity Profile of White Rats

Shelfia Chakarita Baskara — 2024-12-31

Background: Various herbal plants that grow in Indonesia, such as katuk leaves and torbangun leaves, are known to have many health benefits. These two plants contain important compounds such as vitamins, minerals and antioxidants which are beneficial for human health. Based on previous research, katuk leaves and torbangun leaves have been proven to increase breast milk production. However, studies regarding the benefits and potential toxicity of using these two herbal plants in experimental animals are still very limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate and identify the toxicity profile observed in white rats after the administration of herbal supplements based on katuk leaves and torbangun leaves. This information is important to assess the safety of using these herbal preparations.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of safety and identify symptoms of toxicity in food bars containing katuk and torbangun leaf flour in male Wistar white rats.

Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The study samples consisted of 32 white mice divided into two groups. The rats were given food bars with katuk and torbangun leaf flour with doses ranging from 1.75 mg/kgBW to 17.5 mg/kgBW. Observations were made for 14 days regarding symptoms of toxicity, such as skin and fur changes, seizures, tremors, coma, and death. The statistical tests used were the normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing (ANOVA).

Results: The results of the study showed that administering a food bar with katuk and torbangun leaf flour did not induce symptoms of toxicity in white rats. There was no significant difference in the mean body weight of mice between the two groups (p-value=0.109; p-value>0.05).

Conclusions: Food bars with katuk and torbangun leaf flour did not have toxic properties and is safe to consume. Symptoms of toxicity were not evident in white mice given the food bar.

Ideal Sensory Profile Identification of Fermented Drinks Based on Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.)

Caca Pratiwi — 2024-12-31

Background: The inedible parts of pineapple account for 40% of its weight, including the peel, which can be utilized through fermentation into a beverage known as tepache. This probiotic drink holds significant potential for industrial development in Indonesia. However, there is limited information regarding the sensory profiles and consumer preferences specific to the Indonesian market.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the ideal sensory profile of fermented beverages made from pineapple peel.

Methods: This experimental study consisted of three stages: product formulation, sensory evaluation using the ideal profile method, and sensory evaluation using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). A completely randomized design (CRD) with a single-factor approach was used, involving three treatments: sample A (500 g pineapple peel and 500 g palm sugar), sample B (500 g pineapple peel and 600 g palm sugar), and sample C (500 g pineapple peel and 700 g palm sugar). Each treatment was replicated twice. Data on sensory profiles were processed using Microsoft Excel.

Results: The sensory profile of product code A most closely resembled the ideal profile, particularly with the peely attribute. The attributes requiring a decrease in intensity for product code A were rich, citric, bitter, astringent, and acidic. Conversely, the attributes needing an increase were light, sparkle, sweet, and fresh

Conclusions: Consumer perceptions indicate that the product with sensory characteristics closest to the ideal profile is product code A.

Factors Contributing to the Blood Pressure of High School Students in Depok, West Java

Nesa Trista — 2024-12-31

Background: Hypertension is a major global health concern, contributing to high mortality rates among adults and the elderly. Recent trends show a substantial upsurge in hypertension prevalence among adolescents. According to the Health Office of Depok City, 78.10% of adolescents aged ≥15 years are reported to have hypertension. Hypertension during adolescence often persists into adulthood, increasing the risk of long-term morbidity and mortality. The primary contributors include unhealthy lifestyle practices and poor dietary habits.

Objectives: To investigate factors associated with elevated blood pressure among adolescents in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 158 adolescents selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection took place between February to April 2024. Variables assessed included family history of hypertension, nutritional status (based on Body Mass Index categories as per the 2020 Ministry of Health regulation), and stress levels (measured using the Perceived Stress Scale). Statistical analysis employed chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.

Results: Significant associations were found between hypertension and family history (p-value = 0.034), nutritional status (p-value = 0.014), and stress levels (p-value < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that stress levels were the strongest determinant of hypertension (OR = 6.09).

Conclusions: Stress levels significantly influence blood pressure in adolescents. Schools should prioritize regular programs addressing stress management, emotional well-being, and balanced nutrition education to reduce the risk of adolescent hypertension.

Antioxidant Activity of Nanoparticle Modified from Sembung Leaf (Blumea balsamifera L.) Extract

Iza Ayu Saufani — 2024-12-31

Background: Dietary antioxidants are essential to prevent free radical-induced cell damage and maintain the body’s physiological functions. Sembung leaves are rich in polyphenols, which are known to have substantial antioxidant activities. The antioxidant efficacy of Sembung leaves can be enhanced by nanoparticle size.

Objectives: To examine the enhancement of antioxidant activity of Sembung leaf (Blumea balsamifera L.) extract modified into nanoparticles.

Methods: The extract used was an ethyl acetate fraction extract. The fresh leaves of Sembung ware macerated in 96% ethanol for 24 hours. Ethanol, n-hexan, and ethyl acetate solvents were used to fractionate the ethanolic extract. The extract of the ethyl acetate fraction was modified into nanoparticles through the ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles comprised three formulations, F1 (0.25% chitosan and 10 ml NaTPP solution), F2 (0.50% chitosan and 20 ml NaTPP solution), and F3 (0.75% chitosan and 30 ml NaTPP solution). The antioxidant activity was assessed by lipid peroxidation using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) followed by the thiobarbiturat (TBA) method. A Spectrophotometer UV-Vis was used to analyse the % inhibition values of the samples.

Results: The antioxidant activity assay on the sample of ethyl acetate fraction using the FTC method showed 31.25% inhibition, and using the TBA method indicated 17.34% inhibition. Meanwhile, the % inhibition was 23.77% and 40.43% in the nanoparticle sample with the FTC and TBA methods, respectively.

Conclusions: This study revealed that nanoparticles of Sembung leaves can increase antioxidant activities. These findings offer potential applications in the development of existing antioxidant products.

The Potential of Tilapia Bone (Oreochromis Nilotikus) to Meet Calcium Sufficiency

Novriani Tarigan — 2024-12-31

Background: Calcium is an essential nutrient that plays a role in the human biological system, especially bones. The study results in Benin showed that the calcium intake of pregnant women was low, and Kinshella reported that the calcium intake of low-income pregnant women was very low. In Indonesia, the calcium intake of pregnant women is 403.5±343.1 mg/day from 1200 mg/day. The source of calcium is milk and its processed products.

Objectives: This study aims to obtain fishbones rich in calcium from fish processing waste. Fishbones can be an alternative source of calcium other than milk and are cheaper.

Methods: This study was conducted using two laboratory experiment methods. The fishbone sample is a fish skeleton that is fish processing waste. The first method was to press the fishbones for 2 hours and dry them in a cabinet dryer for 20 hours at 60°C. In the second method, the fishbones were soaked using as much as 30 ml per kg of vinegar acid for 10 minutes. Next, it was dried in a cabinet dryer for 4 hours at 60°C. These two methods tested the levels of proximate and calcium in fishbone meal.

Results: The moisture content of the two flours was almost the same, the protein, fat, and calorie content was higher in the first experimental fishbone meal. The second trial of fishbone meal has a higher ash and carbohydrate content. Meanwhile, the calcium level of the fishbone meal in the second trial was four times that of the first.

Conclusions: To achieve daily calcium sufficiency, one should consume 10 g of calcium flour. Further research is needed to determine calcium absorption in the body and the development of consumption in food applications.

Stunting and Dietary Diversity in Children 24-59 Months in Indonesia (Analysis of Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014-2015)

Muhammad Hafizh Hariawan — 2024-12-31

Background: Stunting is impaired growth and cognitive development that could decrease learning ability and productivity and increase morbidity and mortality. In 2018, 30.8% of children under the age of five in Indonesia were stunting. Chronic lack of nutrition as a cause of stunting is well known. However, the type of food that causes differences in the conditions between stunting and non-stunting children still needs further investigation. Dietary diversity is an indicator to identify the type and quality of food consumed.

Objectives: Analyzing the relationship between dietary diversity and stunting and determinants of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Indonesia.

Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Secondary data from the (IFLS) 5 was used. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis used the logistic regression test. The subjects in this study were 2421 children aged 24-59 months.

Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between dietary diversity and stunting. Significant relationships were found between meat, eggs, milk and its products, and vitamin A-rich vegetables and stunting. Multivariate analysis showed LBW, economic status, area of residence, and maternal education are predictors of stunting.

Conclusions: Dietary diversity, especially consumption of animal protein such as eggs, meat, fish, and milk could improve the quality of children’s diets. Improving the quality of diets could potentially reduce the risk of stunting. Therefore, efforts and strategies are needed to increase accessibility to various foods and increase nutritional knowledge.

Development of the Android-Based My Edu-VegFruit Application to Increase Vegetable and Fruit Consumption in Teenagers

Esi Emilia — 2024-12-31

Background: Many adolescents are unaware of the importance of consuming sufficient vegetables and fruits for maintaining good health. One of the contributing factors is their lack of understanding about how to assess their daily vegetable and fruit intake to meet nutritional needs. Therefore, there is a need to develop an Android-based application to help increase vegetable and fruit consumption among adolescents.

Objectives: To develop the android-based “My Edu-VegFruit” application as a guide to understand and increase vegetable and fruit consumption in adolescents.

Methods: The study was conducted from March to November, 2024 at the Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan. The research sample consisted of 120 students from the 2022 Nutrition Study Program cohort, selected through purposive sampling. This research employed a research and development (R&D) method using the Four-D model.

Results: The define phase analysis revealed that only 20% of the sample understood their daily vegetable requirements, and 48.9% understood their fruit needs. A total of 87% of respondents expressed the need for the application. The identification phase determined the content to be included in the application. During the design phase, a complete storyboard for the application, including supporting features, was created according to the research objectives. The develop phase involved media and material validation by experts, yielding feasibility ratings of 92% from material experts and 91.67% from media experts, both categorized as highly feasible. In the disseminate phase, the application trial showed an increase in knowledge about vegetable and fruit requirements to 80%. Additionally, 90% of the sample reported satisfaction with the application.

Conclusions: The “My Edu-VegFruit” application is considered highly feasible as a guide for calculating vegetable and fruit requirements among adolescents. It can also serve as an educational tool for nutrition education on vegetables and fruits.

Factors Related to Diet Quality in Adolescent at Yadika 12 High School Depok

Zahra Fadhlina Hidayat — 2024-12-31

Background: Adolescents, a group with high nutritional needs, are facing the triple burden of malnutrition. Depok has the highest prevalence of overweight adolescents in Indonesia. Data shows an increase in the consumption of high-fat and high-sodium foods. Technological advancements have made foods more accessible, in 2020 Indonesia had the highest food delivery service usage in Southeast Asia. These factors may negatively impact adolescent diet quality, leading to health issues and higher risks of degenerative diseases.

Objectives: This study analyzes the factors related to diet quality among adolescents at Yadika 12 High School Depok.

Methods: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design conducted at Yadika 12 High School Depok with 108 respondents selected using stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was diet quality, while the independent variables included the frequency of food delivery services usage, high-risk consumption habits, and nutrition knowledge. Diet quality was measured using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A). Other variables were assessed using questionnaires and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Bivariate analysis performed using the Spearman test.

Results: Bivariate analysis indicated that the frequency of food delivery services usage (r=-0.044, p-value=0.654) is not associated with diet quality. In contrast, high-risk consumption habits (r=-0.256, p-value=0.007) and nutritional knowledge (r=0.217, p-value=0.024) associated with diet quality.

Conclusions: High-risk consumption habits and nutrition knowledge are factors related to the diet quality of adolescents at Yadika 12 High School Depok. Interventions and implementing balanced nutrition guidelines and other nutritional information can be effective steps to improve the diet quality of adolescents.

Effects of Honey Goat Milk Kefir on Pancreatic Histopathology and Renal Function in Diabetic Rats

Amelia Luthfiyah Mulyadewi — 2024-12-31

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rising. Chronic metabolic disease type 2 diabetes may damage renal function and harm the pancreas. One of the initiatives to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes through functional foods. The antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of goat milk kefir with honey are thought to help heal kidney and pancreatic damage.

Objectives: Evaluating the effects of feading fermented goat milk with honey on pancreatic histopathology and renal function in diabetic rats.

Methods: A true experimental study conducted on 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into Six groups: Healthy Rats (KS); DM Rats (KN); quercetin (K1); metformin (K2); Kefir (P1); Preventive (P2). Diabetic rats type 2 were conditioned by HFD and injecting streptozotocin. Oral kefir was given 1.8 ml/200g BW/day for 21 days to groups KK and KP. Renal function was analyzed with pre-post tests through measurement of serum levels urea and creatinine, while the histopathological features were evaluated at the end of the study. The Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney test are used to analyze the data.

Results: P1 rats had Creatinine level of 0.57 ± 0.07 mg/dL; BUN 27.56 ± 6.22 mg/dL; Beta Cell Count 104.2; Island Area of Langerhans 170.26. The levels of BUN (p-value=0.083), creatinine (p-value=0.016), and Langerhans island area (p-value=0.026). Creatinine of rat P1 were significantly different from KN (p-value<0.05).

Conclusions: Goat milk kefir with honey in type 2 diabetic rats show beneficial effects on serum BUN, creatinine, and histopathological features of the pancreas as treated with metformin.

The Relationship of Body Composition and Sleep Quality with VO2max in Adolescent Athletes at Sidoarjo Sports High School and Sewon 1 High School

Fathirani Mutiara — 2024-12-31

Background: Body composition and sleep quality are body components that need to be considered in adolescent athletes. Both components can affect the level of maximum oxygen volume (VO₂max) and become factors in increasing physical performance in adolescent athletes.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between body composition and sleep quality with VO₂max in adolescent athletes at Sidoarjo Sports High School and Sewon 1 High School.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 106 athletes selected by purposive sampling. Quantitative data were obtained using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the Multistage Fitness Test. The statistical tests used were the Pearson Product Moment and Spearman Rank.

Results: There was a significant negative relationship between the percentage of fat mass and VO₂max in both combined subjects (r=-0.669, p-value<0.001), male (r=-0.295, p-value=0.026), and female (r=-0.486, p-value<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between the percentage of muscle mass and VO₂max both with combined subjects (r=0.628, p-value<0.001) and women (r=0.492, p-value<0.001). There was no significant relationship between sleep quality and VO₂max but there was a relationship in the components of sleep quality, namely subjective sleep quality (r=-0.34, p-value=0.01) and sleep efficiency (r=-0.29, p-value=0.03) with VO₂max in female athletes.

Conclusions: Adolescent athletes with a low percentage of fat mass tend to have high VO₂max, while adolescent athletes with a low percentage of muscle mass tend to also have low VO₂max. There was no significant relationship between sleep quality and VO₂max.

Differences Nutritional Status, Dietary Patterns, Diarrhea History, and Nutritional Knowledge between Children with Autism and children without Autism in Jakarta

Andini Rizky Aulia — 2024-12-31

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. Children with ASD are at risk of being overweight due to selective eating patterns and parents' lack of nutritional knowledge, and they often experience diarrhea due to enzyme deficiencies.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the differences in nutritional status, dietary patterns, and diarrhea history between children with ASD and children without ASD, as well as the differences in the nutritional knowledge of parents or caregivers of children with ASD and children without ASD.

Methods: The research uses a case-control design with 102 samples (51 children with ASD and 51 children without ASD) obtained through cluster random sampling. Nutritional status data were collected from anthropometric measurements, dietary patterns through the SQ-FFQ, and parents' nutritional knowledge and children's diarrhea history through questionnaires. Data analysis utilized Independent Sample T-test or Mann Whitney tests.

Results: Results showed significant differences in nutritional status (height-for-age, p-value=0.006), frequency of staple food consumption (p-value=0.018), animal protein (p-value=0.014), dairy products (p-value=0.001), amount of staple food consumption (p-value=0.016), dairy products (p-value=0.003), fat intake (p-value=0.037), fiber intake (p-value=0.033), frequency of diarrhea (p-value=0.042), and duration of diarrhea (p-value=0.042). However, there were no significant differences in BMI-for-age (p-value=0.410) and caregiver’s nutritional knowledge scores (p-value=0.855).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that children with ASD and without ASD have differences in nutritional status, dietary patterns, and diarrhea history.

Nutrition Education and Vitamin D Supplementation Improving Nutrition Intake, Body Composition, and Vitamin D Status of Soccer Athlete

Weni Kurdanti — 2024-12-31

Background: The success of soccer athletes is influenced by physical, mental, and genetic factors, with nutritional status significantly affects youth soccer performance in Indonesia by 69.8%. Body composition and somatotype are critical components of nutritional status. Biochemical indicators such as creatine kinase (CK) and vitamin D levels provide insights into the impact of training and diet on athletes.

Objectives: To determine the effect of nutritional interventions on improving the intake and body composition of athletes characterized by the value of creatinine kinase levels and vitamin D levels of athletes and an increase in VO₂Max values as performance indicators.

Methods: This experimental study used a pre-post control trial design involving 39 subjects who were divided into treatment (20 athletes) and control (19 athletes) groups for one month. The treatment group received nutrition education (classroom, individual, and nutrition assistance) and vitamin D supplementation of 800 IU per day, while the control group was only monitored. The exercise was adjusted to the coach's program.

Results: Energy, protein, and carbohydrate intakes were deficient among athletes, although fat intake was adequate. CK levels were within normal limits. All athletes in the control group exhibited vitamin D deficiency, compared to 90% in the intervention group, despite supplementation showing modest improvement.

Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation has a significant effect on increasing blood vitamin D levels. This study reinforces the importance of education and supplementation-based nutrition interventions to improve the nutritional status and performance of soccer athletes.

Evaluation of the Use of Child Length Mat as A Stunting Early Detection Tool on Children Under Two in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta

Elisabeth Sekar Chrisnamurti — 2024-12-31

Background: Stunting prevention leads to the initiation of child length mats as an early detection tool and the assignment of human development workers as community initiators. There are differences in policy implementation regarding these innovations, particularly in the use of length mats.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of a length mat as a stunting early detection tool on children under two in Kulon Progo Regency.

Methods: A qualitative research with a case study approach was conducted in two stunting locus villages in Kulon Progo Regency. Data were collected using key informant in-depth interviews, document analysis, and reflective journals. Respondents were recruited using the maximum variation sampling technique, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis in accordance with the theory of diffusion of innovation.

Results: Stakeholder acceptance of the length mat was relatively poor. Factors that influenced its adoption in Kulon Progo regency include the pre-existing situation (lack of accurate instruments to measure child length), the easy use of the length mat, and prescribed training. Whereas, factors affecting its rejection include issues related to its relative advantage and validity. This refusal was caused by suboptimal campaigns and a lack of support from the local government. However, the length mat remains in use following its function as a prerequisite for the village fund disbursement.

Conclusions: Suboptimal use of the communication channel to introduce the length mat and lack of support from the local government caused the innovation to fail to diffuse at the district level. Hence, strengthening the campaign and inter-stakeholder communication is necessary to improve acceptance and adherence.

Front Matter Vol. 8 No. 3SP, 2024

Amerta Nutrition — 2024-12-31