The Role of Imaging In The Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Downloads
Pulmonary embolism is a common condition and sometimes can be life-threatening. A proper diagnosis can reduce mortality. Some examinations are needed to diagnose pulmonary embolism, including assessing the risk factors, clinical examination, D-dimer tests, and imaging. Imaging is necessary when the previous assessment requires further investigation. There are more imaging that can be used to diagnose and assess the severity of pulmonary embolism. However, it is still controversial regarding imaging modalities for optimizing pulmonary embolism diagnose. Chest X-Ray cannot exclude pulmonary embolism, but it is needed to guide the next examinations and to find alternative diagnoses. Pulmonary Multi-Detector CT Angiography is the gold standard to diagnose pulmonary embolism.
Sadigh, G., A.M. Kelly, and P. Cronin, Challenges, Controversies, and Hot Topics in Pulmonary Embolism Imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011. 196(3): p. 497-515.
Gandara, E. and P.S. Wells, Diagnosis: Use of Clinical Probability Algorithms. Clin Chest Med, 2010. 31(4): p. 629-39.
Abrahams-van Doorn, P.J. and I.J. Hartmann, Cardiothoracic CT: One Stop Shop Procedure? Impact on the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Insights Imaging, 2011. 2(6): p. 705-15.
Bettmann, M.A., et al., ACR Appropriateness Criteria(R) Acute Chestpain Suspected Pulmonary Embolism. J Thorac Imaging, 2012. 27(2): p. W28-31.
Hamad, M.M.A., et al., Diagnostic Approach to Pulmonary Embolism and Lessons from a Busy Acute Assessment Unit in the UK. Breathe, 2011. 7(4): p. 315-323.
Wilbur, J. and B. Shian, Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. Am Fam Physician, 2012. 86(10): p. 913-9.
Agnelli, G. and C. Becattini, Acute Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med, 2010. 363(3): p. 266-74.
Warren, D.J. and S. Matthews, Pulmonary Embolism: Investigation of the Clinically Assessed Intermediate Risk Subgroup. Br J Radiol, 2012. 85(1009): p. 37-43.
Penaloza, A., et al., Comparison of the Unstructured Clinician Gestalt, the Wells Score, and the Revised Geneva Score to Estimate Pretest Probability for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism. Ann Emerg Med, 2013. 62(2): p. 117-124 e2.
Becattini, C., et al., Multidetector Computed Tomography for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnosis and Risk Stratification in a Single test. Eur Heart J, 2011. 32(13): p. 1657-63.
Lee, E.Y., et al., Pulmonary Embolism Detected by Pulmonary MDCT Angiography in Older Children and Young Adults: Risk Factor Assessment. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012. 198(6): p. 1431-7.
Sheh, S.H., et al., Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis and Mortality with Pulmonary CT Angiography Versus Ventilation Perfusion Scintigraphy: Evidence of Overdiagnosis with CT? AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012. 198(6): p. 1340-5.
Hochhegger, B., et al., Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Br J Radiol, 2011. 84(999): p. 282-7.
Venkatesh, S.K., CT Pulmonary Angiography for Pulmonary Embolism: Role Beyond Diagnosis? Int J Clin Pract Suppl, 2011(171): p. iii-v.
Bogot, N.R., et al., Image Quality of Low Energy Pulmonary CT Angiography: Comparison with Standard CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011. 197(2): p. W273-8.
Zhou, Y., et al., Assessment of Correlation Between CT Angiographic Clot Load Score, Pulmonary Perfusion Defect Score and Global Right Ventricular Function with Dual Source CT for Acute Pulmonary embolism. Br J Radiol, 2012. 85(1015): p. 972-9.
Morris, M.F., et al., CT Findings and Long Term Mortality After Pulmonary Embolism. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012. 198(6): p. 1346-52.
Woo, J.K., et al., Risk-benefit Analysis of Pulmonary CT Angiography in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolus. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012. 198(6): p. 1332-9.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
