Association between Serum Magnesium Level with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients
Downloads
Introduction: Until now, cardiovascular complications are still the highest cause of death and disability in DM patients. Hypomagnesemia in DM accelerate atherosclerosis and can cause instability and plaque rupture which can lead to acute coronary syndrome.
Methods: Design of this study was observational analytic using a "case control" study involved 76 samples of DM patients, consisting of 38 samples with SKA (+) and 38 samples with SKA (-). Subjects of this study were all DM patients in the period July-December 2018 in the Emergency Room (ER) and Outpatient Installation of Endocrine at the RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, which fulfills the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Demographic data and clinical characteristics are presented descriptively. If data is normally distributed then an unpaired t test is carried out and if the data is not normally, distributed with Mann Whitney test is performed. The statistical test was stated to be significant if p <0.05. The association between hypomagnesemia and the incidence of ACS a multivariate logistic regression test was performed, the risk number was in the form of odds ratios (OR).
Results: This study involved 76 subjects with diabetes mellitus with SKA and non SKA 38 subjects. The mean serum magnesium level in the ACS group was lower than non ACS (1.9 mg / dL vs. 2.1 mg / dL), hypomagnesemia cut-off of <2.08 mg / dL. In this study hypomagnesemia as a risk factor for the incidence of ACS in DM patients with OR 2.8 (CI 1.1-7.6; p = 0.039).
Conclusion: Magnesium levels in the ACS group were lower than the non ACS group. Hypomagnesemia Increase The Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Wang C, Ness C, Hiatt W, Goldfine A, 2016. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation;133:2459-2502.
Mhaskar D, Mahajan S, Pawar K, 2013. Significance of Serum Magnesium Level in Reference to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Role of Intravenous Magnesium Therapy in Prevention of Cardiac Arrhytmias Following Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Medical and Public Health;3(3):187-191.
Sugunakar C, Narshima N, Anjanayalu B, 2014. A Study of Serum Hypomagnesium Levels in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Care;1(10):1306-1309.
Pham P, Pham T, Pham S, Miller J, Pham T, 2007. Hypomagnesemia In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology;2:366-372.
Gommers L, Hoenderop J, Bindels R, Baiij J, 2016. Hypomagnesemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Vicious Cycle?. Diabetes;65: 3-13.
Ghose B & Ide S, 2014. Hypomagnesemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Review. Austin Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences;12(4):1025-1029.
Arpaci D, Tocoglu AG, Ergenc H, Korkmaz S, Ucar A, Tamer A, 2015. Associations of Serum Magnesium Levels with Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications. Hippokratia;2:153-157.
Hartopo AB, Susanti VY, Setianto BY, 2016. The Prevalence and Impact of Body Mass Index Category in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Acta Cardiologia Indonesia; 2(2): 61-68.
Moreno AL, Alvarez RM, Catena A, Retamero R, Arrebola JP, Moreno R, Hernandez JA, Kaski JC, 2014. Body Mass Index and Myocardium at Risk in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Revista Clinica Espanola; 214(3): 113-120.
Gomar FS, Quilis CP, Leischik R, Lucia A, 2016. Epidemiology of Coronary Heart Disease and acute Coronary Syndrome. Annals of Translational Medicine; 4(13): 256-267.
Alsaif SM, Alhabib KF, Ullah A, Hersi A, Alfaleh H, Alnemer K, Tarabin A, Abuosa A, Kashour T, Almurayeh M, 2011. Age and its Relationship to Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events (SPACE) Registry: The SPACE Age Study. Journal of The Saudi Heart Association; 24: 9-16.
Chen CL, Yen D, Lin CS, Tsai SH, Chen SJ, Sheu W, Hsu CW, 2017. Glycated Hemoglobin level is An Independent predictor of Major Adverse Cardiac Events After Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nondiabetic Patients. Medicine; 96: 18-25.
Merza WF, 2016. Association of Serum magnesium Level with Major Risk Factor, Thrombolysis and Echocardiography in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 4(3): 511-517.
Kieboom BC, Niemeijer MN, Leening MJ, Van den berg ME, Franco OH, Deckers JW, Hofman A, Zietse R, Stricker BH, Hoorn EJ, 2016. Serum Magnesium and The Risk of Death From Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death. Journal of The American Heart Association; 1-11.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ratih Wulansari, Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo, Achmad Lefi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).