Current Update on the Risk Factor Modification and Excercise Following Coronary Artery Disease
Downloads
Coronary artery disease (CAD) becomes primary disease causing morbidity and mortality in developed country. Chronic CAD disease progress over years or decades and becomes a significant health burden worldwide. Most CAD cases occur in individuals with at least one risk factor. Thus, risk modification and regular exercise are part of coronary artery disease management to reduce disease progression. Regular exercise training is an intense technique to expand the threshold of angina-free activity levels in stable disease conditions when symptomatic CAD has developed. This review will explain the current updates in the risk management and exercise that can be used to improve patients' quality of life and reduce the severity progression of the disease.
Mack M, Gopal A. Epidemiology , Tr adit io n al and Novel Risk Factors in Coronary artery disease Epidemiology Risk factors. Heart Fail Clin. 2016;12(1):1–10.
Roger L, Go AS, Lloyd-jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics ” 2011 Update A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011 Feb 1;123(4):e18-e209
Ghani L, Dewi M, Novriani H, Penelitian P, Daya S. Coronary Risk Factor in Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, Vol. 44, No. 3, September 2016 : 153 - 164
Sanchis-Gomar F, Perez-Quilis C, Leischik R, Lucia A. Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome. Ann Transl Med. 2016;4(13):256–256.
Bartels MN. 2016. Cardiac Rehabilitation. Essential Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation pp 119-14. Humana Press: USA
Stamatakis E, Rezende LFM De, Rey-lo JP. Sedentary Behaviour and Cardiovascular Disease. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018; 33(9): 811–829.
Jackson E, Barnes G. Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation. Updotate 2018;1–16.
Rosendorff C, Lackland DT, Allison M, Aronow WS, Black HR, Blumenthal RS, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease A scientific statement from the American Heart Association , American College of Cardiology , and American Society of Hypertension American Heart Association , American College of Cardiology , and American. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2015;1–46.
Catapano AL, Chairperson EAS, Ireland IG, France MJC, Uk PD, Uk JH, et al. ESC / EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ). Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1769-818.
Bahri Anwar. 2014. Dyslipidemia as Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease. USU Publisher. North Sumatra Indonesia
Oemiati R. Coronary Heart Disease [ CHD ] with Obesity in Kebon Kalapa Village , Bogor (Baseline Cohort Study of Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors). HSR Journal vol 17 no 4 2014;385–93.
Chiha M, Njeim M, Chedrawy EG. Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease : A Risk Factor for the Global Epidemic. Int J Hypertens. 2012;2012:697240.
Task A, Members F, Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Germany CA, Uk CD, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice ( constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts ) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ( EACPR ). Eur Heart J. 2016 Aug 1;37(29):2315-2381
Wenger NK. Current Status of Cardiac Rehabilitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Apr 29;51(17):1619-31.
Radi B, Joesoef AH, Kusmana D. Cardiac Rehabilitation in. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology 2009;30(2):43–5.
Johannessen A, Azab M, Al-shdaifat A, Abumweis SS, Agraib LM, Tayyem RF. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography in Jordan. 2017;1–5.
Leon AS, Franklin BA, Costa F, Balady GJ, Berra KA, Stewart KJ, et al. Coronary Heart Disease An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Council on Clinical Cardiology ( Subcommittee on Exercise , Cardiac Rehabilitation , and Prevention ) and the Council on Nutrition , Physical Activity , and Metabolism ( Subcommittee on Physical Activity ), in Collaboration With the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation. 2005 Apr 5;111(13):1717.
Loewen. Peter. Are the New Guidelines for the Use of Lipid-Lowering Agents Sound , and Should Their Adoption Be Encouraged?. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2014 May-Jun; 67(3): 246–247.
Piepoli MF, Hoes, Arno W, Stefan Agewal et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. In italy: Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved; 2016. p. 207–74.
Morag K. 2014. Exercise Leadership in Cardiac Rehabilitation for High Risk Groups. Wiley Blackwell: United Kingdom
Purnawarman A. The Effect of Physical Exercise Toward Endhotelial Function. JKS 2014;109–18.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).