Diathesis Hemorrhagic, Coagulation and Fibrinolytic System
Downloads
Bleeding is one of the most common complaints when coming to the hospital which can be mild to life-threatening. The balance of the impaired hemostasis system allows for abnormal bleeding such as hemorrhagic diathesis. Balance between blood clotting and bleeding is always maintained in the body under normal physiology. The coagulation system stops existing bleeding with vasoconstricts of blood vessels and the formation of early platelet plugs, this blockage is strengthened by the presence of a cascade of coagulations to form stable and sturdy blockages. Once bleeding has stopped, the fibrinolytic pathway is initiated to dissolve the blood clot to restore normal blood flow. balance the coagulants, fibrinolytic and inhibitor systems, creating a perfect physiological balance. Hemostatic imbalance is a global problem that can lead to thrombosis or hemorrhage.
Dana N, Jodi R. Clinical evaluation of bleeding and bruising in primary care. Am Fam Physician 2016; 93: 279–286.
Oktarlina RZ, Prasetyani RD. Diatesis Hemoragik e . c Suspek Hemofilia pada Anak Laki-Laki 8 Tahun. AgromedUnila 2017; 4: 126–132.
Pryzdial ELG, Lee FMH, Lin BH, et al. Blood coagulation dissected. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 57: 449–457.
Saes JL, Schols SEM, van Heerde WL, et al. Hemorrhagic disorders of fibrinolysis: a clinical review. J Thromb Haemost. Epub ahead of print 2018. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14160.
York MJ. chapter 14 Clinical Pathology. Second Edi. Elsevier Inc. Epub ahead of print 2017. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803620-4.00014-1.
Kelley TMDA. Bleeding Disorders. NCBI 2019; 78–89.
Sanjeev P. Overview of the coagulation system. Indian J Anaesth 2014; 58: 515–523.
Versteeg HH, Heemskerk JWM, Levi M, et al. New Fundamentals in hemostasis. Physiol Rev 2013; 93: 327–358.
Mercy Halleluyah Periayah, Ahmad Sukari Halim AZMS. Mechanism action of platelets and crucial blood coagulation pathways in Hemostasis. Int J Hematol Stem Cell Res 2017; 11: 319–327.
Chaudhry R, Babiker HM. Physiology, coagulation pathways. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, 2019.
Lippi G, Favaloro E. Commentary: Controversies in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Part 2–Does Sticky Platelet Syndrome Exist? Semin Thromb Hemost 2019; 45: 69–72.
Sira J, Eyre L. Physiology of haemostasis. Anaesth Intensive Care Med 2016; 17: 79–82.
Weitz JI. Blood Coagulation and Anticoagulant, Fibrinolytic, and Antiplatelet Drugs. In: Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds) Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127868083 (2015).
Ezihe-Ejiofor JA, Hutchinson N. Anticlotting mechanisms 1: Physiology and pathology. Contin Educ Anaesthesia, Crit Care Pain 2013; 13: 87–92.
Kolev K, Longstaff C. Bleeding related to disturbed fibrinolysis. Br J Haematol 2016; 175: 12–23.
Suharti C. Dasar dasar hemostasis , in : Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Jilid I. Jakarta: Interna Publishing, 2014.
Memtsas VP, Arachchillage DRJ, Gorog DA. Role, Laboratory Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Fibrin, Factor XIII and Endogenous Fibrinolysis in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci; 22. Epub ahead of print 2021. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031472.
Arrieta-Blanco JJ, Oñate-Sánchez R, Martínez-López F, et al. Inherited, congenital and acquired disorders by hemostasis (vascular, platelet & plasmatic phases) with repercussions in the therapeutic oral sphere. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal; 19. Epub ahead of print 2014. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19560.
Maxfield L, Js C. Vitamin C Deficiency Pathophysiology Histopathology Treatment / Management. 2021; 22–25.
Hallett KB, Alexander S, Wilson M, et al. Medically compromised children. Handb Pediatr Dent Fourth Ed 2013; 329–383.
Aliotta A, Calderara DB, Zermatten MG, et al. Thrombocytopathies: Not just aggregation defects”the clinical relevance of procoagulant platelets. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 1–28.
Singh I, Singh RI. Coagulation and bleeding disorders. Clinical Molecular Medicine: Principles and Practice 2019; 341–352.
Kruse-Jarres R, Singleton TC, Leissinger CA. Identification and basic management of bleeding disorders in adults. J Am Board Fam Med 2014; 27: 549–564.
Miller DD, Krenzer JA, Kenkre VP, et al. Sequential Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) in an Elderly Male Patient with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome: When in Doubt, Use the PLASMIC Score. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021: 6869342.
Abadi U, Yarchovsky-Dolberg O, Ellis MH. Immune Thrombocytopenia: Recent Progress in Pathophysiology and Treatment. Clin Appl Thromb 2015; 21: 397–404.
Ramos C, , Adrián Santoyo HCS, Martínez C, et al. Insuficiencia hepática crónica y hemostasia Chronic Liver Failure and Hemostasis. Rev Colomb Gastroenterol / 2017; 32: 349–358.
Bintoro SUY, Dwijayanti NMI, Pramudya D, et al. Hematologic and coagulopathy parameter as a survival predictor among moderate to severe COVID-19 patients in non- ICU ward: a single-center study at the main referral hospital in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. F1000Research 2021; 10: 791.
Nunns GR, Moore EE, Chapman MP, et al. The hypercoagulability paradox of chronic kidney disease: The role of fibrinogen. Am J Surg 2017; 214: 1215–1218.
Sivapalaratnam S, Collins J, Gomez K. Diagnosis of inherited bleeding disorders in the genomic era. Br J Haematol 2017; 179: 363–376.
Levi MM. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Curr Anaesth Crit Care. Epub ahead of print 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.cacc.2005.03.011.
Lee A. Emergency management of patients with bleeding disorders: Practical points for the emergency physician. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58: 553–562.
Gresele P, Orsini S, Noris P, et al. Validation of the ISTH/SSC bleeding assessment tool for inherited platelet disorders: A communication from the Platelet Physiology SSC. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18: 732–739.
Kala M, Shukla SK, Gupta V, et al. Calculate the Range of Bleeding Assessment Tool Score in Healthy Volunteers ( Male and Female ) in the State of Uttarakhand Calculate the Range of Bleeding Assessment Tool Score in Healthy Volunteers ( Male and Female ) in the State of Uttarakhand. 3362. Epub ahead of print 2019. DOI: 10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.3.
Budi NS, Airlangga PS, Semedi BP. Case Report INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE IN PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A Intracranial bleeding in inherited bleeding. 2020; 22–29.
Copyright (c) 2022 Rizky Amalia Putri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
