Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin

Analysis of Personal Hygiene and Characteristics of Living Environment in Elementary Student with Pediculosis Capitis

Alya Petri — 2024-07-31

Background: Pediculosis capitis is one of the parasitic infections that can cause pruritus and allergic reactions. The prevalence of Pediculosis capitis is relatively high and can occur both in developed and developing countries regardless of socioeconomic status. The occurrence of Pediculosis capitis can be caused by poor personal hygiene factors and living environmental conditions, which can also increase the incidence of this ectoparasitic infection. Purpose: To analyze the correlation between personal hygiene and characteristics of the living environment, and the incidence of Pediculosis capitis. Methods: This study is quantitative research with a correlational analysis method and a cross-sectional study approach. Result: The examination of the correlation between poor personal hygiene and the incidence rate of Pediculosis capitis showed a result of 0.000 (p<0.05). Similarly, the examination of the correlation between the characteristics of the living environment and the incidence rate of Pediculosis capitis also showed a figure of 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating that there is a correlation between personal hygiene, and the characteristics of the living environment, and the incidence rate of Pediculosis capitis. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between personal hygiene, and the characteristics of the living environment, and the incidence of Pediculosis capitis.

Assessing the Potential Diagnostic Value of Indonesian Local Allergen Skin Prick Testing (SPT) for Cow’s Milk Allergy among Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Sylvia Anggraeni — 2024-07-31

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial chronic, frequently recurrent, inflammatory skin condition. The development of IgE-mediated food allergies and food sensitivity are both associated with atopic dermatitis. Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) caused the most common hypersensitivity reaction during childhood; however, the prevalence in adults is around 0.5%. Patients with AD use the Skin Prick Test (SPT) to evaluate the specific sensitization process. Purpose: This study aimed to assess cow's milk allergy among adult AD patients using local allergen extract SPT, standard SPT, and specific IgE (sIgE), as well as evaluating the conformity and relevance of the test results. Methods: Using consecutive sampling technique, the study was conducted twice on 45 adult AD patients with a one-week interval between administrations. Result: Local cow's milk SPT showed 4 positive results, and standard SPT showed 5. No sIgE test was positive. Local SPT was negative for 86.67% of individuals without a history of suspected cow's milk allergies. Standard SPT results were positive for 2.22% of individuals with a history of suspected cow's milk allergies and negative for 86.67% of those without. The relevance between local and standard SPT was shown to be substantial (k = 0.384, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The result of the local cow’s milk SPT and the patient’s history had good conformity, and the relevance with standard SPT was significant in diagnosing cow’s milk allergy among AD patients.

Empowering Healthcare Professionals: an Effort to Enhance Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge

Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa — 2024-07-31

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) present a significant challenge in the public health field. Health professionals are at the forefront of controlling the transmission and management of this disease; hence, efforts to update knowledge regarding STDs are very important for this group. Purpose: This study aims to explain the effect of integrated counseling on increase STD knowledge in an effort to prevent the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: We carried out health education activities containing material related to aetiology, modes of transmission, risk factors, risk groups, and therapy for sexually transmitted diseases at one hospital in Surakarta. The Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) was used to assess participants' knowledge regarding STDs, which was distributed before and after giving the material. The difference in STD-KQ scores before and after the counselling session was analysed using the Wilcoxon Test. Result: Prior to the counselling session, 22 (32.83%) participants had poor knowledge, 41 (61.19%) had moderate knowledge, and only 4 (5.97%) possessed a good understanding of STDs. Following the counselling session, there was a noteworthy improvement in knowledge levels, with 47 (70.14%) participants now classified as having good knowledge. Additionally, 18 (26.86%) participants maintained a moderate level of knowledge, while 2 (2.98%) retained poor knowledge. The analysis showed that the difference was statistically significant (P value < 0.001).

Factors that Influence The Onset of Acne Vulgaris :Retrospective Study

Nur Ilma Asrianti — 2024-07-31

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin condition that mostly occurs in adolescents, although it can occur at any age. Most occur during adolescence, with a prevalence of around 85%. Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease triggered by many factors, namely, genetics, environment, hormonal and emotional stress, food, trauma, cosmetics, and medications. Purpose: This study identifies the precipitating factors of acne vulgaris. Methods: This study was retrospective based on medical record data at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in the period January 2018–December 2019. Results: The number of AV patients within 2 years from January 2018 to December 2019 obtained 517 cases of acne vulgaris patients with complete data. There were female AV patients (80.7%) and male AV patients (19.3%). The most common age of AV patients was 15–24 years old (60.5%), the most common occupation of AV patients was student (59.8%), and patients suffered from AV for >12 months (18.6%). The most precipitating factors for AV are hormonal (69.6%) and cosmetic (50.1%); the most common type of AV is mild AV (64.2%); and the most common AV therapy is the combination of topical tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and topical clindamycin. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that hormonal and cosmetic precipitating factors caused most AV patients in women.

The Profile of Navy Military Students with Superficial Fungal Foot Infections : A Descriptive Study

Dhea Medisika — 2024-07-31

Background: Superficial fungal foot infection is an infectious disease caused by dermatophyte, Candida spp., and mold. Risk factors are thought due to poor personal hygiene, frequent used of closed shoes, and high physical activity. Purpose: Investigate the profile and the risk factors of superficial fungal foot infections in military students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria for this study were navy military students with lesions on their feet. Result: This study involved 194 students as the populations with 97 students as the sample of the study. The average age were 17-25 years old, and male students being the major. Erythema and scale were found in the plantar and interdigital pedis. Students with good personal hygiene were 81 students among 97 students (83,5%). Wearing closed shoes for > 8 hours were found in 72 students among 97 students (74.2%). Most of the students exhibit a high physical activity with an average score of 26,880 MET minutes/week. Positive KOH 20% and cultures were found in 30 students (30.9%). Negative KOH 20% and positive culture were found in 27 students (27.8%). Positive KOH 20% and negative cultures were found in 9 students (9.3%). Negative KOH 20% and negative fungal culture results were found in 31 students (31,9%). Mold was the predominant fungal type. Conclusion: The students had good personal hygiene. The average wears closed shoes for >8 hours. Mold was the predominant fungal type in this study.

The Effect of Combination Cream of Patchouli Extract and Arabica Gayo Coffee Peel Extract on Aging Skin

Wahyu Lestari — 2024-07-31

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country that is exposed to sunlight throughout the year. Due to this exposure, Indonesians are more susceptible to aging. It has been demonstrated that the antioxidative chemicals in Aceh nilam and Arabica Gayo coffee peel extract can prevent the aging process of the skin. Purpose: To observe the effect of combination cream patchouli extract and arabica Gayo coffee peel extract on aging skin, focusing on collagen and elastin. Methods: This is an exploratory study using a randomized post-test only design. The rats were divided into two control groups and three experimental treatments, each with a different active ingredient concentration (10%, 12.5%, and 15% of patchouli and coffee peel extract). For six weeks, each group is exposed to UVB light three times a week, for a total dose of 1020 mJ/cm2. The macroscopic morphology, density, and thickness of collagen and elastin in rat skin were observed and assessed. Result: There were noteworthy variations observed in collagen density, collagen thickness, and elastin density, whereas no significant difference was found in elastin thickness. The macroscopic skin morphology exhibited absence of inflammation across all experimental groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that cream containing Aceh patchouli extract and 15% of Arabica Gayo coffee peel extract exhibits potential in enhancing the quantity and quality of collagen while preserving elastin levels and it is safe for rat skin.

The Relationship Between Diet and Body Mass Index with Events of Acne Vulgaris among Medical Students

Yeheskiel Holoaino Bunga — 2024-07-31

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by clinical features such as comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules that affect social and psychological functions. Foods containing carbohydrates with a high glycemic index can trigger acne vulgaris. Consumption of fatty foods, chocolate, milk, nuts, and cheese can stimulate the recurrence of acne vulgaris. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between dietary habits and body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of acne vulgaris among students of the Faculty of Medicine of Pattimura University. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were selected using a proportional stratified random sampling technique with a simple random sampling approach, totaling 89 respondents. Respondents were required to fill out the SQ-FFQ questionnaire and undergo height and weight measurements. Result: Out of 89 respondents, 81% frequently (≥2×/day) consumed carbohydrates 82% often (1×/day) consumed proteins and 71% often (1×/day) consumed reduced-fat. Regarding the quantity of intake, 55% of respondents consumed high carbohydrates per day, 69% consumed high proteins per day, and 24% consumed high fat intake per day. The prevalence of acne vulgaris was 66%p-value <0.05. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between dietary habits based on carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake and the incidence of acne vulgaris. However, there is no significant relationship between BMI and the incidence of acne vulgaris among medical students at Pattimura University.

The Incidence and Characteristics of Dermatophytosis in Boarding School Students in Bandar Sei-Kijang, Pelalawan, Riau Province, Indonesia

Esy Maryanti — 2024-07-31

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country with high humidity and temperatures, making dermatophytosis a persistent health issue. Dermatophytoses are superficial mycoses caused by dermatophytes affecting the skin, hair, and nails. Also known as tinea infections. Purpose: To determine the incidence of dermatophytosis and types of dermatophytosis among boarding school students in Sei-Kijang, Pelalawan, Riau Province. It was conducted from August 2023 until October 2023. Methods: This research is a simple descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The aim of the study was to detect dermatophytes in the skin lesions. Dermatophytosis examination was carried out by microscopic examination of skin scrapings with 10-20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and fungal culture using Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and then examined with a light microscope (lactophenol cotton blue staining). Result: In this study, there were 339 research subjects with 51% male students and 49% female students with an average age of 14.3 years. This study found that the incidence of dermatophytosis was 4.1%, with male students in the 10 to 14-year-old age group having a higher infection rate (71%) than female students. The incidence of tinea corporis was 64.3%, followed by tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea faciei, depending on the type of dermatophytosis. Tinea capitis and tinea unguium were not found. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high incidence of dermatophytosis, tinea corporis being the predominant type among boarding school students in Bandar Sei-Kijang.

The Validity of Point-of-Care Test (POCT) Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay (LFIA) Candida albicans for the Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Monika Puspitasari — 2024-07-31

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common causes of complaints of vaginal discharge, which is mostly caused by Candida albicans. The common diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis is microscopic and culture examination. However, the availability of examinations is limited at the private clinic, and for culture examinations, the cost is high and results take several days. The point-of-care test (POCT) lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) is a tool that can detect Candida albicans antigens, but this diagnostic test has never been carried out in Indonesia. Purpose: to know the validity of POCT LFIA Candida albicans for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in women with complaints of vaginal discharge. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with a diagnostic test design, using vaginal discharge samples. Vaginal discharge samples were subjected to POCT LFIA examination with the Medomic Candida albicans/ Trichomonas vaginalis/ Gardnerella vaginalis Antigen Combo Test Kit^Ò and Candida spp culture. Result: POCT LFIA Candida albicans had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 89.9%, accuracy of 90.32 %, LR (+) 9, LR (-) 0, PPV 50%, and NPV 100% against Candida spp. culture. Conclusion: The POCT LFIA Candida albicans can be used to diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in women who complain of vaginal discharge.

Diagnosis and Management of Hair Loss in Pediatric

Fitriani Fitriani — 2024-07-31

Background: Hair loss can occur in pediatric and adult populations and may have different patterns. The causes of hair loss in pediatric patients include tinea capitis, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, traction alopecia, anagen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, short anagen syndrome, congenital aplasia cutis, congenital triangular alopecia, atrichia congenita, congenital hypotrichosis, and transient neonatal hair loss.Purpose: to understand etiologies of hair loss in pediatrics, and to determine the appropriate examinations for diagnosing and managing hair loss in children.Review: Hair loss in children can be categorized as congenital or acquired. Congenital hair loss is classified based on distribution, while acquired hair loss is classified as either scarring or non-scarring. Hair loss complications in children can be irreversible. The diagnosis of hair loss in pediatric patients includes anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations. The supporting examinations used for diagnosis include fungal cultures, hair pull tests, hair tug tests, light microscopy, and trichoscopy. Conclusion: There are numerous causes of hair loss in pediatric patients that need to be identified before appropriate management can be implemented. The management of hair loss requires a holistic approach, including psychosocial support. Correct diagnosis and treatment of pediatric hair loss can prevent a decrease in the patient's quality of life.

Nevus Unius Lateris (NUL) in a Theree-Year-Old Child Treated by Tretinoin 0.025%, Desoxymethasone 0.25%, and Urea 20% Cream

Aurelia Stephanie — 2024-07-31

Background: Linear verrucous epidermal nevus is the most frequent variant of the epidermal nevus classification. Linear verrucous epidermal nevus is characterized by the proliferation of epithelium arranged in a configuration that follows Blaschko's line. Nevus unius lateris (NUL) is a variant of the verrucous epidermal nevus, which has a unilateral distribution of lesions. Lesions are usually found at birth or in the first year of life as brown to grey verrucous papules or papillomatous plaques. The management of NUL is challenging as the results are varied and there is a high risk of recurrence. Purpose: to report a case of NUL and its management, especially in children. Case: A 3-year-old girl presented with brownish spots and multiple small lumps on the left buttock that have extended to the left leg since she was 9-days-old. On dermatologic examination, there were numerous hyperpigmented verrucous papules and plaques along the Blaschko line over the affected area. In this case, the diagnosis of NUL, is based on clinical symptoms and dermoscopy examination showed multiple large brown oval or round structures with hyperpigmented brown border. The patient was treated with combination topical therapy of tretinoin 0.025%, corticosteroid desoxymethasone 0.25%, and urea 20% cream, and the lesion improved within four weeks. Discussion: Epidermal nevus is often cosmetically disturbing. The treatment is still challenging and various, including surgical and non-surgical, but none is ideal and could potentially recur over months or years. dst.

Overlapping Primary and Secondary Syphilis in a Bisexual Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Lita Setyowatie — 2024-07-31

Background: Syphilis and HIV are diseases that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Bisexual groups have a higher potential for HIV and syphilis transmission. In syphilis patients who have been infected with HIV, secondary syphilis often occurs along with primary syphilis, which can be found 2-3 times more often than in those who are not infected by HIV. Case: A 24-year-old male with HIV who is a bisexual man, complained chancre on his scrotum and on the tip of the penis that was painless and also has condyloma lata around the anus. Dermatological examination revealed multiple papules, patches, and plaques. The serological results for VDRL and TPHA were reactive. Histopathology examination of skin plaque suggests secondary syphilis. The Patient was diagnosed with overlapping primary-secondary syphilis and given therapy with single-dose intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G. Discussion: Bisexual groups have a higher potential for HIV and syphilis transmission. In HIV patients, primary and secondary syphilis often overlap. This was due to changes in the immune system causing the spread of Treponema pallidum more quickly and slowing the healing of primary lesions. Conclusion: Overlapping of primary and secondary syphilis in bisexual patients with HIV is common; in addition, the appearance of skin lesions in secondary syphilis can resemble other diseases, so confirmation by histopathology examination needs to be done.