Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin

Cracking the Crimson Conundrum: a Case Report on Granulomatous Rosacea

Akshay Jain Salecha — 2025-03-31

Background: Rosacea, a prevalent inflammatory skin condition, commonly affects the central facial area. Granulomatous rosacea, a rare variant of rosacea, presents diagnostic intricacies due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance to other granulomatous dermatoses. Purpose: We are presenting this case due to the scarcity of granulomatous rosacea cases, often misdiagnosed, leading to unwarranted treatment options. We describe a case of granulomatous rosacea in a 24-year-old female, elucidating clinical features and diagnostic challenges the patient presented with red, elevated lesions over the central facial region for three months. Clinical examination revealed well-defined erythematous papules. Dermoscopy and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Discussion: Granulomatous rosacea poses a diagnostic problem, necessitating early recognition and tailored management to prevent facial disfigurement and psychological distress. Differential diagnoses often require careful consideration and may involve a combination of clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological assessments. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering granulomatous rosacea in the differential diagnosis of other facial dermatoses.

Segmental Stiff Skin Syndrome: A Rare Case Report from Indonesia

Hafidzah Nurmastuti — 2025-03-31

Background: This paper reports a segmental Stiff Skin Syndrome (SSS) case in a four-year-old girl. SSS is a rare disease characterized by skin hardening and joint stiffness due to a mutation of the fibrillin-1 (FBN-1) gene encoding the fibrillin protein. The effective therapies for this disease are limited. Case Report: The patient presented with hardened skin and a limping gait. Clinically, there were hard, hyperpigmented patches with hypertrichosis on the skin of the left femur and left gluteal. The left coxae and left genu joint were in fixed flexion, causing a limping gait. The SSS histology revealed thickened collagen fibers, trapping adipocytes between them, but no inflammatory cells. The UV-A phototherapy and physiotherapy session resulted in a modest improvement. Discussion: This case's segmental SSS diagnosis was based on clinical and histological findings. Establishing a diagnosis of SSS is a challenge for clinicians because it can resemble other skin disorders, particularly sclerosing diseases. The recommended management for SSS remains limited. In this case, after the UV-A phototherapy and physiotherapy, complaints of hardened skin were said to soften.

Overcoming negative stigma towards leprosy patients

Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa — 2025-03-31

Background: Leprosy remains a public health problem, with various factors contributingo the transmission and progression of the disease. Stigma and discrimination towards leprosy patients have hindered the treatment and eradication of the disease. Purpose: To identify the related factors and strategies to overcome stigmas towards leprosy patients. Review: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that affects skin and nerve, and causes visible permanent impairment if the patients do not get adequate treatment. Therefore, visible clinicalnifestations and cultural beliefs have createdigma towards leprosy patients, which negatively impacts their quality of life and their awareness of seeking health care. These factors may lead to patients avoiding diagnosis and treatment, which in turn increases number of G2D cases and transmission rate. Cultural and religious beliefs, low education level, and minimal information about leprosy have been known to contribute to the stigma. Several strategies can be considered to use to overcome stigma and discrimination towards leprosy patients. Conclusions: nderstanding factors related to leprosy stigma and its effects on the progression of the disease will help determine the strategies to overcome stigma and discrimination.

Effect of 8% Purple Sweet Potato Extract Cream on Wrinkle Reduction, Skin Moisture, and Elasticity

I Gusti Ayu Agung Mini Laksmi — 2025-03-31

Background: Purple sweet potato has been shown to contain anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins that act as antioxidants and have the potential to correct signs of aging in the skin, such as wrinkles, lack of hydration, and pigmentation. Purpose: to known the potential of 8% purple sweet potato extract for wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Methods: A one-group experimental study with pre and post-test assessment. The subject is women with photoaging aged 30-45 years. A pre-test was conducted by examining wrinkles using the Glogau scale and a simple A-one scanner, treatment with 8% purple sweet potato extract cream for 6 weeks, and then a post-test at the end of the 6th week to check wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity using a simple A-one scan. Statistical tests using the SPSS program, version 25.0. The analysis performed was descriptive statistical and comparative analysis using a paired T test. Result: A total of 25 respondents with a mean age ± SD of 38.22 ± 4.23 years, the most Glogau scale in type 2 is 22 respondents (88%), the most sun exposure for 30 minutes per day is 14 respondents (56%). The degree of wrinkles decreased after treatment -4.960±1.353 [95% CI -7.681-(-2.239); P=0.001]. The degree of moisture increased after treatment 8.840±2.990% (95% CI 2.829-14.851; P=0.005. The degree of elasticity increased after treatment 14.840±4.623 (95% CI 5.544-24.136; P=0.002). Conclusion: 8% purple sweet potato extract can reduce the degree of wrinkles, improve the degree of skin moisture, and improve the degree of skin elasticity.

Correlation between Stress Level and Hair Loss in Students

Nadira Sabrina Mufti — 2025-03-31

Background: Hair loss is one of the most commonly reported problems in dermatology One of the causes of hair loss is high stress levels. The effects of stress can impact hair condition, which in turn can affect appearance. Purpose: This study was to determine the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of hair loss among students at Syiah Kuala University. Methods: This research employed an observational analytic study using approach, utilizing cross-sectional data. The number of subject used in this study was 100 students who were taken by the simple random sampling method. The data analysis used was bivariate analysis to see the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of hair loss. Result: Out of 100 subjects of students with normal, mild, moderate, severe, and very severe stress levels, 59% of them experienced pathological hair loss. By using a significance value of 95%, the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of hair loss in Syiah Kuala University students showed a significance value, or p-value, of 0.024. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a relationship between stress levels and the incidence of hair loss among students at the University of Syiah Kuala.

Correlation between Allergic Rhinitis and History of Infantile Atopic Dermatitis

Mutiara Arikah Balqis — 2025-03-31

Background: Atopic march is one of the global health problems that is commonly found in children. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Indonesia reaches to 1.5% to 12.4% and continues to increase every year. Allergic reactions can affect all tissues and organs in the body. Some clinical manifestations of allergies are allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma (atopic march). Atopic march often begins in infancy with the development of atopic dermatitis later in life. Purpose: To analyze the correlation between the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and history of infantile atopic dermatitis in children. Methods: This research used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. Result: The data were categorized based on a history of atopic dermatitis and the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. The statistical tests revealed a relationship between the incidence of allergic rhinitis and history of infantile AD in children. The chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.014 and a contingency coefficient value of 0.213. The odd ratio (OR) value at a confidence level (CL) of 95% and a limit of 1.312 – 6.256 is 2.865, which means that patients who have a history of AD have a 2.8 times higher risk of experiencing AR. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between the incidence of allergic rhinitis and history of infantile atopic dermatitis.

Factors associated with the Incidence of Occupational Contact Dermatitis of the Hands among Cleaning Service Workers

Salwa Azzahra — 2025-03-31

Background: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is one of the most common occupational diseases worldwide. Occupational diseases in hospitals can affect all workers, including both medical and non-medical personnel, such as cleaning service workers. Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of OCD of the hands among cleaning service workers at Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital Padang. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling with 77 total samples. The data were collected by direct interview with a questionnaire instrument. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with a chi-square test. Result: The results revealed that 28 out of 77 respondents experienced OCD (36.4%). The results of the chi-square test show that the factors of gender (p=0.000) and the use of moisturizers (p=0.017) had a significant relationship with the incidence of OCD. Meanwhile, the factors of age (p=0.725), working period (p=0.492), duration of contact (p=0.862), history of skin diseases (p=0.176), history of atopy (p=0.421), duration of PPE use (p=0.119) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of OCD. Conclusion: The study concludes that the incidence of OCD of the hands among cleaning service workers at Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital Padang is correlated with their gender and their use of moisturizers.

Profile of Transepidermal Water Loss in Non-Atopic Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis in Indonesian Adults

Damayanti — 2025-03-31

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent and chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the quality of life and productivity of individuals. Several studies have reported the profile of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in AD patients, however, there is either no data or very limited data on TEWL values in normal skin or in non-atopic individuals. Purpose: This study aims to update of the available evidence about TEWL values in healthy (non-AD) adults and AD patients, especially in Indonesia. Methods: This analytic study involved 37 non-AD subjects and 37 subjects with AD. TEWL measurements were assessed on the volar side of the left forearm. Result: The mean values in the non-AD group were 5.61 ± 3.85, while the mean values in the AD group were 18.07 ± 4.88. There is a significant difference in TEWL values between the groups with non-atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (p<0.001). Conclusion: TEWL value is significantly higher in AD patients compared to non-AD individuals, indicating a compromised skin barrier function in AD. The consistent results across populations and geographic regions support the utility of TEWS as a reliable measure of AD severity, which can help clinicians customize treatment plans to meet the needs of each patient.

Stigmatization of Leprosy Patients at the Primary Hospital in North Central Timor: a Qualitative Study

Fauziyah Rusnah — 2025-03-31

Background: Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the peripheral nervous system, skin, nosend eyes and can cause disability. Clinical symptoms and disabilities can give leprosy patients a negative impression, known as stigma, which can affect their self-acceptance. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the perceptions of leprosy patients at the a primary hospital in North Central Timor regarding the stigma they experience. Methods: The study was a qualitative research, utilizing the in-depth interview method. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, applied maximum variation sampling, and involved 20 patients in the study.The interview results were transcribed and analyzed using the Open Code 4.03 program. The coding results were grouped into themes and subthemes that emerged. Result: This study found that internal and social stigma affected 80% of the 20 leprosy patients at a primary hospital. Misperceptions primarily cause internal stigma, which in turn triggers fear of infection and isolation from the community. Social stigma, also triggered by misperceptions, leprosy symptoms, and disability, leads to discrimination, and ostracism, even in family circles and places of worship. Patients experience negative impacts on their self-esteem, social life, and economy. Conclusion: Leprosy patients experience internal and social stigma, with 16 out of 20 patients affected. Misperceptions, symptoms, and disability due to leprosy are the leading causes. This stigma has far-reaching social, economic, and educational impacts. Support, education, and preventive measures are needed to overcome the stigma that worsens the condition of leprosy patients.

The Effect of Alpha Mangostin on The Expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3, Type I Collagen, Proliferation and Migration of Keloid Fibroblasts

Ennesta Asri — 2025-03-31

Background: Keloid is a process of abnormal collagen thickening during wound healing in skin tissue accompanied by the formation of new blood vessels. Many keloid therapy modalities have been developed but the recurrence rate of those treatment still ranged 1-70%. Herbal plants have been developed for various types of treatment, one of which is for treating keloids. Purpose: The alpha mangostin content in mangosteen peel is known to have antifibrotic properties, further research is needed regarding the administration of alpha mangostin on the process of keloid occurrence. Methods: The investigation was conducted in vitro on phase III keloid fibroblast cells. There were two groups, which divided into the control groups and the treatment groups. The control groups and treatment groups were given alpha mangostin extract in concentrations of 20 μM; the sample of this study was 16. For each group after 24h of the incubation, fibroblast cell proliferation was measured by Microtetrazolium (MTT) assay, fibroblast cell migration was measured by scratch assay, SMAD3 expression was measured after immunocytochemical staining, and type 1 collagen was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Ethics Committee at the Research Ethics Commission of Faculty of Medicine Andalas University has reviewed this research. Result: Alpha mangostin can reduce the average expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3 expression, type 1 collagen, proliferation, and migration. . Conclusion: At concentration of 20 μM, alpha mangostin suppressed TGF-β1 expression, SMAD 3, collagen type 1, proliferation, and migration in keloid fibroblast cell.

The Influence of Social Media on Self-Medication and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Agatha Uli Angelica Butar Butar — 2025-03-31

Background: With the advancement of technology, access to information about acne vulgaris has become easier. Social media has become a key platform for influencers and doctors to educate the public about acne, which often leads acne sufferers to use social media as a reference for understanding the condition and treatment options. As a result, many individuals choose to practice self-medication based on information obtained from social media. Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of social media on self-medication and the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among high school students. The sample was selected using consecutive sampling. Data was collected through a questionnaire that assessed social media usage, self-medication practices, and treatment outcomes. Result: Among the 92 respondents who participated in this study, the following results were found: 18 respondents had a high level of social media usage, 54 respondents had a moderate level, and 20 respondents had a low level. In addition, 64 respondents expressed interest in self-medication, while 28 respondents were not interested in self-medication. The results of the acne treatment of 64 people interested in self-medication showed that eight people had significant improvement in self-medication results, 52 people had slight improvement, and four people had no improvement. The bivariate analysis shows that social media influences self-medication but does not affect treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Social media influences self-medication but does not affect the treatment outcomes of acne vulgaris.

The Relationship between Clean and Healthy Living Behavior and the Incidence of Pityriasis Versicolor in Ambon City Orphanages

Marcelino Wattimury — 2025-03-31

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a cosmopolitan fungal infection in tropical areas. The revalence is 50%, and it ranks second among Indonesia's most common skin diseases. Pityriasis versicolor was one of the ten worst skin diseases in Maluku Province. It was caused by environmental, behavioral, and public awareness issues, like people who don't follow clean and healthy living habits (CHLB). Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between clean and healthy living behaviors and pityriasis versicolor incidence in Ambon City orphanage children in 2024. Methods: This study is conducted by using quantitative research with observational analytical studies through a cross-sectional approach. The sample was taken using total sampling criteria, where population members who met the criteria would be used as a sample. Subsequently, sample of 32 respondents was obtained in this study (84%). Result: The analysis showed that the CHLB level was poor in 22 people (57.9%), and the proportion of pityriasis versicolor incidence was 32 (84.2%). Bivariate analysis showed the significance of the relationship between CHLB and the incidence of pityriasis versicolor with p-value = 0.003. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between clean and healthy living behavior and the incidence of pityriasis versicolor in orphanage children in Ambon City. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness about clean and healthy living practices to reduce the incidence of pityriasis versicolor.