Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE RAT KIDNEY AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF SAPPAN WOOD EXTRACT (Caesalpinia sappan L.) IN IRON OVERLOAD CONDITION

Jeri Nobia Purnama — 2024-12-06

Excessive amounts of iron in the body can lead to damage to various organs, including the kidneys. Iron chelators have been demonstrated to effectively reduce the accumulation of this excess iron. This study aims to investigate the impact of administering sappan wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan) as an adjuvant to iron chelators on the structure and function of kidneys in a rat model of iron overload. The experimental research, spanning 28 days, employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) involving 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) distributed across 6 test groups. Iron dextran at 60 mg/kg bb induced iron overload, while a comparative iron chelator, deferiprone, was given at 1.35 mg/kg bb. Various doses of Sappan wood extract (SWE) 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg bb were administered to separate test groups. The parameters that are being observed include the distribution of iron and the structure of kidney injury. At a 95% confidence level, the acquired data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test was used to see whether there were any differences. The study's findings demonstrated that each treatment group's kidney iron levels differed from the excess iron-containing control group (p <0.05). The histological investigation results demonstrated a significant difference in damage scores (p <0.05) between the groups administered secang wood extract and the excess besei control group. Adminstered of 100 mg/kgbw dose of EKS might lower their organ iron levels and lessen the harm that the iron did to their kidneys.

Keyword: Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.), Iron Overload, Kidney

ANALYSIS OF SEIZURES IN PATIENTS WITH MOTHERS HAVING A HISTORY OF Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION

Arif Rahman Nurdianto — 2024-12-06

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, with high prevalence in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This infection can cause brain damage and is associated with diseases such as epilepsy. This study aims to analyze the occurrence of seizures in patients whose mothers have a history of T. gondii infection. Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus via the placenta, causing severe fetal tissue damage and potentially triggering neurological disorders like epilepsy. Pathophysiological mechanisms include increased blood-brain barrier permeability, excitotoxicity, and damage to glutamatergic receptors and mitochondria. In Indonesia, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis ranges from 40%-60%, with risk factors including contact with stray cats and consuming raw meat. This study utilizes a literature review method to investigate the relationship between maternal T. gondii infection and the incidence of epilepsy in offspring. The findings suggest that maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of epilepsy in offspring. Effective public health measures are crucial for raising prevention awareness and improving access to comprehensive prenatal care.

STRESS MARKERS ON THE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

Alifya Grahanata — 2024-12-06

Woven sarong craftsmen in Wedani Village in carrying out their work activities make sarongs using non- machine looms. Work starts from 07.00 to 16.30 for 6 working days a week by producing 1 to 4 sarongs per day. The craftsman's activities when moving the loom have a support load that lies on the lumbar vertebrae, because when weaving the craftsman is in a 90° sitting position. This study aims to describe the shape of stress markers and their location related to length of work, intensity of activity, and limb movement muscles of the upper and lower extremities which have the greatest influence on the appearance of osteophytes in the lumbar vertebrae. The research was conducted using data collection techniques in the form of X-ray results and supported by literature studies related to the muscular system in the lumbar vertebrae which affect the movement system. The results of X-ray analysis showed that there were 42.8% stress markers in the form of osteophytes in the lumbar vertebrae of woven sarong craftsmen with the same location of osteophytes. Stress markers appear in the form of osteophytes on the lumbar vertebrae of woven sarong craftsmen according to the height of the age factor, namely 43-47 years, length of working period, namely 30-35 years, intensity of work, and the burden on the limbs, namely the upper extremities and lower extremities on the lumbar vertebrae as a support when moving the loom. Based on the X-ray results of the lumbar vertebrae of the woven sarong craftsmen in Wedani Village, it shows that out of 7 samples, 3 samples experienced stress markers in the form of osteophytes on the lumbar vertebrae and 4 samples had normal conditions.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF HYDROPHOBIC OINTMENTS, HYDROPHILIC OINTMENTS, AND GELS IN RELATION TO DRUG FORMULATION STABILITY

Rd.Lutpi Rachmat — 2024-12-06

Povidone – iodine has antiseptic properties for wound healing. This research makes antiseptic preparations in semi-solid dosage form with different bases used. This research aims to find out whether the different bases in the formula used can affect its stability and how much it costs for each formula. Formula 1 with a hydrocarbon base, formula 2 with a hydrophilic base, formula 3 gel with a Na-CMC base. The stability of the three formulas was observed using the freeze - thaw method with different temperatures for 18 days of storage and observed organoleptically, homogeneity, spreadability, pH viscosity and then processed using one way ANOVA and I-MR control charts. The research results showed that the different bases in the formula had a significant effect on the spreadability, pH and viscosity values with a significant value of 0.000. Differences in formula also affect organoleptic results and homogeneity. Formula 2 has the best stability based on the results of the tests carried out. In terms of costs, Formula 2 has greater raw material costs compared to Formula 1 and Formula 3.

Keywords: Antiseptic, cost and stability

BRAIN IMAGING OF PSYCHOPATHY: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Katharina Merry Apriliani Angkawidjaja — 2024-12-06

The general definition of psychopathic is an individual who focuses on self-perspective, is feelingless, without compassion, lacks empathy, lacks/disloyalty, and lacks the ability to form close relationships (less intimacy). Psychopathy is also known as psychopathic, antisocial, disocial, and sociopathic personality disorder. In Indonesia, clinical diagnosis guidelines for psychopathic individuals still refer to Dissocial Personality Disorder according to the Guidelines for Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders Edition III (PPDGJ-III), coupled with other commonly used supporting examinations, namely the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), LSRP (Levensone Self-Report Psychopathy Scales), PCL:SV (Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version). This Narrative Literature Review aims to summarize findings about brain imaging in Psychopath. As for psychopathic-related brain imaging, namely aberrant brain activity was found in the prefrontal area, temporal cortex, limbic (amygdala- hippocampus complex), striatum, corpus callosum, and insular. These findings hope to be able to explain the basic etiological of deviant behavior in psychopathic perpetrators. Thus, psychopathic neuroanatomy is a research area that has the potential to contribute as a preventive and curative measure of psychopathy on a scientific basis.

COMPOST PRODUCTION FROM MALAPARI SEED CAKE (Pongamia pinnata L.)

Desi Adriyanti Nina Taebenu Taebenu — 2024-12-06

Biodiesel production from malapari (Pongamia pinnata L.) seed oil produces waste in the form of cake after extracting the oil from the seeds. Malapari seed cake needs to be processed to get added value. One form of processed malapari meal is in the form of composted organic fertilizer. Malapari cake can be used as compost because it contains minerals including potassium, sodium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur which play a role in stimulating plant growth. Meanwhile, the nutrients contained in oil cake are nitrogen (3.2-3.7%), phosphorus (0.22-0.23%), and potassium (0.65-0.68%). This research aims to analyze the quality of compost from malapari seed cake produced according to SNI 19-7030-2004. This research was carried out in October-December 2023. The research location was at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, FMIPA and Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. Making compost consists of 4 treatments. The quantitative compost data obtained is presented in tabular form and compared with the requirements for compost from organic waste SNl 19-7030-2004. The results of the compost research showed that the compost from malapari seed cake had met the compost quality specifications according to SNI 19-7030-2004 for the parameters of water content, potassium and phosphorus, meanwhile, the parameters of pH, nitrogen, organic C, DHL (electrical conductivity), color and the smell does not meet the requirements.

THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS AS ADJUVANT THERAPY IN INFLAMMATORY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Valensa Yosephi — 2024-12-06

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Probiotics are live microorganisms that can provide health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. The anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics were initially studied in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This research aim to provide scientific evidence and explanation on the effects of probiotic administration as adjuvant therapy for inflammatory diseases in cardiovascular health. The study employed a descriptive approach using the systematic literature review method on PubMed, Scopus, SAGE, and Web of Science. A total of 13 articles were included in this study. The probiotics used included Bifidobacterium in one clinical trial, Lactobacillus in eight clinical trials, Enterococcus in one clinical trial, a combination of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in one clinical trial, and a combination of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium in one clinical trial.

THE IDENTIFICATION OF PERIMORTEM TRAUMA ON BONES AFTER BURNING PROCESS

Syarifah Mudaim — 2024-12-06

Fire is often employed to destroy evidence in criminal cases, posing the challenge for forensic experts and forensic anthropologists in determining the cause of death and the victim's identity. Although soft tissue can be completely burned during the burning process, trauma on bone can persist up to a certain temperature and duration of burning. Detecting trauma on the bones after the burning process is crucial, as it can provide insights into the actual cause of death. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of assessing whether the identification of perimortem bone trauma after burning process is feasible through a systematic review of prior research. The finding of this investigation reveal that fracture type, texture, colour, shape, and alterations in bone dimensions can serve as indicators to differentiate between perimortem trauma occurring after the burning process and postmortem trauma resulting from burning.

SKELETON ANALYSIS OF THE CRANII REGION IN THE CASE OF DOLPHINS (Tursiops trucantus) STRANDED ON SENGGIGI BEACH WEST LOMBOK REGENCY

Septyana Eka Rahmawati — 2024-12-06

Cetaceans are a group of marine mammals fully adapted to aquatic life including whales and dolphins. Dolphins belong to a group of marine animals known as Cetaceans that have evolved completely to live in water. In Indonesian waters, almost all cetacean species have been classified as protected biota. Many cetacean deaths have been linked to water pollution and underwater seismic activity. The bottlenose dolphin (genus Tursiop) is one of the most studied cetacean species due to its wide distribution in tropical and temperate waters and its friendly behavior towards humans. This research shows that the results of the size of the Tursiops truncatus bones in the Cranii section found on Senggigi Beach are different from the results of the size of the Cranii bones of Tursiops truncatus found on Korea's Jeju Island. In a review of literature written about the bones of the Tursiops truncatus species from Korea, Jeju Island. Each part of the Os Cranii on Tursiop truncatus found on Jeju Island, Korea has a very different size from the Tursiop truncatus found on Senggigi Beach which can be concluded that the size of the Os Cranii on Tursiops truncatus found on Jeju Island, Korea has the same size. larger than the size of Tursiops truncatus found on Senggigi Beach, West Lombok Regency. The cause of differences in bone size could be due to diet and habitat. A study on stable isotope analysis of marine mammals off the coast of Northwest Africa and unique trophic niches says mammalian bones reflect not only differences in trophic level but also shifts in foraging areas.

EFFECT OF Clitoria ternatea INFUSION ON THE NEUTROPHIL CELLS AND LYMPHOCYTE CELLS IN A MODEL OF Salmonella typhimurium INFECTION

Rian Anggia Destiawan — 2024-12-06

Salmonellosis is caused by infection with the bacterium Salmonella sp. which causes immune dysregulation and damage to digestive epithelial cells. So there is a need to increase immunity to fight Salmonella sp. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of telang flower infusion on the number of Nuetrophophil cells and Lomfosyte cells on Salmonella typhimurium infection. The study was divided into 6 groups, negative, positive, Stimuno (0.26ml/20gBB), therapy 1 (0.25 ml/20gBB), therapy 2 (0.5 ml/20gBB), therapy 3 (1 ml/20gBB). Infusion making, Bacterial infection, infusa therapy, Giemsa staining, and 95% p-value data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of neutrophil cells in each group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the number of lymphocytes after the anova test showed a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes (0.00<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the infusion of telang flowers from low to high doses has an effect on increasing the number of neutrophil cells and lymphocyte cells