The Role Of Nitrite Producing Bacteria And Its Mechanism To Prevent The Dental Caries
Downloads
Background : Dental caries is the most common disease and often occurs in the oral cavity that can be found in adults nor children and until now many studies about dental caries have been established to reduce the caries level. In our daily life, nitrate (NO3-) can be found in the green vegetables which can be reduced to NO2- by some oral bacteria. NO2- can inhibit the growth and acid production of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans to prevent the dental caries. There have been many studies that explain the effect of NO2- as an antibacterial agent, but there are limited studies that explain about the role of NO2- on maintaining the oral health and its relation to the NO3-reduction mechanism involved the environment in the oral cavity. Purpose : To analyze the role of NO2- producing bacteria and its mechanism to prevent the dental caries. Results : The amount of NO2- in the oral cavity produced by reduction of NO3- depends on diet and the number of NO3- reducing bacteria, especially obligate and facultative anaerobes. NO2- can inhibit the growth and metabolism of cariogenic bacteria. Conclusion : NO3- reducing bacteria in the oral cavity, a diet consisting of NO3- plays an important role in the prevention of dental caries through the NO3-- NO2- mechanism to reduce the number and metabolism of cariogenic bacteria.
Wicaksono DP, Washio J, Abiko Y, Domon H, Takahashi N. Nitrite Production from Nitrate and Its Link with Lactate Metabolism in Oral Veillonella spp. 2020;86(20):1–9.
Andayasari L, Wibowo W.
Status kesehatan gigi dan tindakan menyikat gigi pada murid taman kanak-kanak
Oral health status and brushing teeth practices of kindergarten students
. Padjadjaran J Dent Res Students. 2020;4(1):62.Jingga E, Setyawan H, Yuliawati S, Masyarakat FK, Diponegoro U. HUBUNGAN POLA PEMBERIAN SUSU FORMULA DENGAN KEJADIAN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES ( ECC ) PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI TK ISLAM DIPONEGORO KOTA SEMARANG. 2019;7.
Punitha VC, Amudhan A, Sivaprakasam P, Rathanaprabu V. Role of dietary habits and diet in caries occurrence and severity among urban adolescent school children. 2015;7(April):296–301.
Hord NG, Tang Y, Bryan NS. Food sources of nitrates and nitrites : the physiologic context for potential health benefits 1 – 3. 2009;(6):1–10.
Bueno M, Wang J, Mora AL, Gladwin MT. Nitrite Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension : Mechanisms of Bioactivation, Signaling, and Therapeutics. 2013;18(14).
Gorji NE, Shafaroudi AM, Nahvi A. Relationship Between Salivary Nitric Oxide Concentration and Dental Caries in Children : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 2021;31(2).
Qu XM, Wu ZF, Pang BX, Jin LY, Qin LZ, Wang SL. From Nitrate to Nitric Oxide : The Role of Salivary Glands and Oral Bacteria. 2016;(4).
Yamamoto Y, Washio J, Shimizu K, Igarashi K, Takahashi N. Inhibitory effects of nitrite on acid production in dental plaque in children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017;15(2):153–6.
Rassaf T, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. Nitrite in organ protection. 2014;1–11.
Larsson KA, Darnerud PO, Ilbäck N-G, Merino L. Estimated Dietary Intake of Nitrite and Nitrate in Swedish Children. Food Addit Contam 25(1), 41–50. 2010;25(1):41–50.
Omar SA, Webb AJ, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Sa AO, Aj W, et al. Therapeutic effects of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. 2015;315–36.
Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. The Nitrate – Nitrite – Nitric Oxide Pathway in Mammals. 2011;21–48.
Blot S. Antiseptic mouthwash , the nitrate – nitrite – nitric oxide pathway , and hospital mortality : a hypothesis generating review. Intensive Care Med [Internet]. 2021;47(1):28–38. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06276-z
Khatri J, Mills CE, Maskell P, Odongerel C, Webb AJ. It is rocket science – why dietary nitrate is hard to ‘ beet ' ! Part I : twists and turns in the realization of the nitrate – nitrite – NO pathway. 2017;129–39.
Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, etal. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation : The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. 2020;692–766.
Gassara F, Kouassi AP, Brar SK, Belkacemi K. Green Alternatives to Nitrates and Nitrites in Meat-based Products–A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(13):2133–48.
Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, Heureux L, Williams DW, Smith A, Giezen V Der, et al. Author ' s Accepted Manuscript. Free Radic Biol Med [Internet]. 2018; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.078
Ashworth A, Cutler C, Farnham G, Liddle L, Burleigh M, Rodiles A, et al. Free Radical Biology and Medicine Dietary intake of inorganic nitrate in vegetarians and omnivores and its impact on blood pressure , resting metabolic rate and the oral microbiome. Free Radic Biol Med [Internet]. 2019;138(May):63–72. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.010
Burleigh MC, Liddle L, Monaghan C, Muggeridge DJ, Sculthorpe N, Butcher JP, et al. Free Radical Biology and Medicine Salivary nitrite production is elevated in individuals with a higher abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria. Free Radic Biol Med [Internet]. 2018;120(March):80–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.023
Rowe JJ, Yarbrough JM, Rake JB, Eagon RG. Nitrite inhibition of aerobic bacteria. Curr Microbiol. 1979;2(1):51–4.
Cammack R, Joannou CL, Cui XY, Torres Martinez C, Maraj SR, Hughes MN. Nitrite and nitrosyl compounds in food preservation. Biochim Biophys Acta - Bioenerg. 1999;1411(2–3):475–88.
Doel JJ, Benjamin N, Hector MP, Rogers M, Allaker RP. Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005;113(1):14–9.
Jj D, Mp H, Cv A, La A, Benjamin N, Protective ARP. Protective effect of salivary nitrate and microbial nitrate reductase activity against caries. 2004;424–8.
Suzuki YS, Washio J, Wicaksono DP, Sato T. Nitrite "‘ producing oral microbiome in adults and children. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020;1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73479-1
Burleigh M, Liddle L, Muggeridge DJ, Monaghan C, Sculthorpe N, Butcher J, et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation alters the oral microbiome but does not improve the vascular responses to an acute nitrate dose. Nitric Oxide - Biol Chem [Internet]. 2019;89(April):54–63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.010
Mitsui T, Saito M, Harasawa R. Salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity after nitrate ingestion and incidence of Veillonella spp. in elderly individuals. J Oral Sci. 2018;60(3):405–10.
Wulandari NY, Putri TF, Amalia V, Rahmahianie W. Prevalensi karies gigi molar satu permanen pada siswa sekolah dasar usia 8-10 tahun. 2019;15(1):1–5.
Kawada-Matsuo M, Oogai Y, Komatsuzawa H. Sugar allocation to metabolic pathways is tightly regulated and affects the virulence of Streptococcus mutans. Genes (Basel). 2017;8(1).
Hohensinn B, Haselgrübler R, Müller U, Stadlbauer V, Lanzerstorfer P, Lirk G, et al. Sustaining elevated levels of nitrite in the oral cavity through consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice in young healthy adults reduces salivary pH. Nitric Oxide - Biol Chem. 2016;60(2):10–5.
CDJ by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
