The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health

The Important Role of Safety Culture in the Management of Major Industrial Accidents

2024-04-29T16:19:33+07:00

Introduction: Major industrial accidents or disasters can have significant impacts on various aspects, including human health, the environment, societal well-being, and national economies. The concept of safety culture is increasingly receiving attention as a means of mitigating industrial mishaps. Nonetheless, a dearth of comprehensive systematic reviews exists that specifically examine the important role of safety culture in effectively mitigating severe industrial accidents across diverse industries on a global scale. Hence, the primary aim of this research is to examine the important role of safety culture in the effective management of industrial accidents across diverse sectors. Method: The systematic literature review (SLR) from the ScienceDirect database was established using the four basic procedures outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of thirty-three scholarly publications were retrieved from the database, encompassing the years 2017 to 2021, which specifically address the important role of safety culture in the effective management of major industrial incidents. Results: The findings yielded two primary themes, namely, the significance of safety culture at both the managerial and employee levels. These topics were then categorised into ten subthemes. The findings indicate that safety culture exerts a significant influence at the managerial level in mitigating industrial accidents through the enhancement of safety training. Conclusion: In summary, a safety culture holds significant importance within the realm of management as it serves to effectively mitigate the occurrence of industrial accidents in the years to come.

Significant Impacts of Occupational Health Factors on Different Worker Group

2024-10-02T13:55:17+07:00

Chemical Dermal Exposure Risk Assessment in the Water Treatment Plant of Fertilizer Industry

2024-05-16T12:55:18+07:00

Introduction:In water treatment plants (WTP), chemicals play a crucial role. However, some of these chemicals are hazardous. This study aims to conduct a dermal risk assessment in the WTP of an ammonia and urea production facility. Methods: The study was performed in August 2023 and assessed dermal exposure risk for four hazardous chemicals: NaOCl (30%), HCl (60%), H2SO4 (98%), and NaOH (48%), utilizing the Tier 2 RISKOFDERM model. Intrinsic toxicity was evaluated using risk phrases and toxicity information. Potential dermal exposure rates (PERBODY and PERHANDS) were determined based on task group and exposure modifier, while actual dermal exposure rates (AERBODY and AERHANDS) were determined based on clothing type and activity time. Health risk was assessed using actual exposure scores and intrinsic toxicity levels, which were categorized into 10 different levels ranging from 1 to 10. Results: The risk phrases indicated that four chemicals possessed a high level of intrinsic toxicity in terms of local effect but no systemic effect. PERBODY and PERHANDS were high (NaOCl, HCl) and low (H2SO4, NaOH). The actual exposure scores were determined to be 1 (high) for NaOCl and HCI, 0.01 (low) for H2SO4, and 0.03 (medium) for NaOH. Health risk values were 8 for NaOCl and HCI, 5 for H2SO4, and 6 for NaOH. Conclusion: Health risks in NaOCl and HCl were assigned action priority (AP) 1, followed by NaOH at AP-2, and H2SO4 at AP-3. The study recommends the implementation of control measures encompassing engineering solutions, administration, and personal protective equipment.

Work Fatigue among Women Fish Processors on the South Coast of Jember District, Indonesia

2024-05-30T13:42:45+07:00

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) problems need to be addressed because the cause of the high number of work accidents is work fatigue. One of the factors that causes work fatigue is workload. Coastal women, who are identified as a marginal group with a low level of education, have a large role in fishing households and have a high workload. This research aims to analyze work fatigue based on workload. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The respondents involved were fishermen's wives who lived in the research locus (Puger District). The number of respondents in this study was 75 people using proportional stratified random sampling techniques. The quantitative data collected include sociodemographic factors, namely demographic factors (age and body mass index) and work factors (work period, workload, and work climate), as well as work fatigue factors. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and measurements. The data in this study were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test which was presented in table form accompanied by narrative. Results: The results show that 44.0% have a level of heavy work fatigue. The risk factors of age, working time, and workload have a significant relationship with work fatigue at work. Body mass index (BMI) and work climate were not significantly related to work fatigue. Conclusion: The high workload of women fish processors causes a lot of work fatigue, so it requires attention from industry owners to manage working time.

Risk Analysis of Work Posture and Body Mass Index to Musculoskeletal Disorders among Librarians at Universitas Airlangga

2024-02-05T10:02:33+07:00

Introduction: Potential ergonomic hazards at work can lead to complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The Global Burden of Disease estimated that, by 2019, there were about 1.71 billion people in the world living with musculoskeletal problems. One of the jobs that has this risk is librarians because their jobs are dominated by static postures. This study aims to determine the correlation between work posture and body mass index (BMI) with MSDs complaints among librarians at Universitas Airlangga. Methods: This study is an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study consists of the total population of librarians at Universitas Airlangga that met the inclusion criteria, totaling 28 librarians. Primary data were obtained through the direct distribution of questionnaires to librarians, observations of work posture and musculoskeletal complaints in librarians. The data in this study were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The research results showed that the level of mild MSDs complaints was reported by 7 librarians (25.0%), moderate complaints by 13 librarians (46.4%), and severe complaints by 8 librarians (28.6%). The statistical test results indicate a strong and positive correlation between work posture and MSDs complaints (r = 0.444), while a weak and positive correlation was found between BMI)(r = 0.222) and years of service (r = 0.158) with musculoskeletal disorders complaints. Conclusion: This study concludes that librarians in high-risk work postures may experience musculoskeletal disorders complaints, especially in the neck, shoulders, and back areas.

Emotional Eating on Sedentary Workers: Is It Caused by Individual Characteristics, Exercise Habits, and Work Stress?

2024-02-27T14:05:32+07:00

Introduction:Emotional eating is a person's response to stress or inadequate and ineffective stress coping and is shown by the behavior of eating more than needed and is associated with increased body weight. Emotional eating is caused by age, gender, exercise habits, and work stress. Based on the observations carried out at Kalla Group Office, employees tend to work in a monotonous and static manner that has the potential to increase the risk of emotional eating. The aim of this research is to determine the strength and weakness of the correlation between age, gender, exercise habits, and work stress with emotional eating in Kalla Head Office workers. Methods: This quantitative research was carried out through analytical observational design. The number of samples taken is 133 people using purposive sampling. In this case, the independent variables measured are age, gender, exercise habits, and work stress. Meanwhile, the dependent variable studied is the level of emotional eating using "The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire of 13 items (DEBQ-13)". Data were further analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient test (Spearman rho). Results: The research results show varied relationship with the independent variables including age (r = 0.052), gender (r = 0.251), exercise habits (r = -0.128), and stress (r = 0.048). Conclusion: Age is a variable that has the weakest relationship, while gender has the strongest relationship with emotional eating compared to the variables exercise habits and work stress.

The Effect of Using Earmuffs on Hearing Loss Complaints and Subjective Stress: A Quasi-Experimental Study among Weaving Workers in Surakarta, Indonesia

2024-03-22T09:28:31+07:00

Introduction: Noise pollution from machine operations is one of industry's long-standing issues, especially in the textile manufacturing industry. High noise levels produced by weaving machine operation can harm employees' health, most notably hearing loss and stress at work. Since 1975, IT Co. Ltd., one of the biggest textile corporations in Surakarta, Indonesia, has struggled to find a solution to the issue of excessive noise, particularly in the weaving manufacturing facility. This study aims to determine the effect of employing earmuffs as a type of intervention to alleviate hearing loss complaints and subjective stress on weaving workers who are exposed to high-intensity noise. Methods: A time series design was used in this quasi-experimental study. This study’s participants were divided into 2 groups. The first group was weaving workers who used earmuffs as ear protection (Intervention Group), and the second group did not use earmuffs (Control Group). Data collection was carried out for 6 working days to see whether there was a significant effect of using earmuffs on hearing loss complaints and subjective stress. Results: From the second to the sixth day, using earmuffs as ear protection did not significantly reduce hearing loss complaints. However, it showed significant findings that increased the average score of subjective stress. Conclusion: Using earmuffs should protect the ears from noise exposure and its effects on workers' health. However, it has been shown that using earmuffs can increase the average score of hearing loss complaints and subjective stress.

Hypoxia and Time of Useful Consciousness in Hypobaric Chamber at 25,000 feet in Aircrew at dr. Saryanto Health Institute of Aeronautics and Space

2024-06-24T16:39:13+07:00

Introduction: Hypoxia is a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen supply to tissues which causes body tissues to fail to get adequate oxygen supply. Hypobaric hypoxia is generally recognized as the most serious physiological hazard during high-altitude flight. This puts active crew members at risk for hypoxia and so they rely on effective performance time (EPT) or time useful consciousness (TUC) to take appropriate corrective and protective actions when hypoxia occurs. This study aimed to describe TUC scores and hypoxia symptoms experienced by active flight crew at dr. Saryanto Health Institute of Aeronautics and Space in 2021. Methods: A descriptive research design using medical record data from 99 flight crew with simple random sampling. The variables in this study consisted of hypoxia symptoms and TUC scores. This study uses univariate analysis to see the frequency distribution of the variables of hypoxia symptoms and TUC score. Results: The results showed that 18.2% experienced cognitive symptoms, 4% experienced psychomotor symptoms, 16.2% experienced visual symptoms, 3% experienced psychological symptoms, 54.5% experienced non-spesific symptoms, and 37.4% did not feel any symptoms. Most of the flight crew (68.7%) had sufficient EPT/TUC scores (3-4 minutes). Conclusion: Active flight crews feel symptoms of hypoxia and have sufficient TUC scores.

Mild Cognitive Impairment Associated with Pesticides use Among Vegetable Farmers and Their Wives in Sukorambi Village Jember Regency

2023-11-22T16:14:24+07:00

Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), according to several studies, has been discovered to be related to exposure to pesticides. Sukorambi Village is the largest vegetable producer village in Jember Regency and pesticides are used in the vegetable cultivation process. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the age of vegetable farmers and the frequency of pesticide spraying with the incidence of MCI and to analyze differences in the incidence of MCI in farmers and their wives. Methods: This research is an analytical research with a cross-sectional design which was carried out in Sukorambi Village, from June to December 2022. The samples of this research are 142 people, obtained from a proportional stratified random sampling technique and represented groups of farmers in each hamlet. In this case, the research variables include age, frequency of pesticide spraying, as well as the incidence of MCI in vegetable farmers and their wives. Data were further collected through direct interviews, which were then analyzed through bivariate analysis using Spearman and paired t tests. Results: The results showed that the majority of vegetable farmers were above 55 years old and most of them sprayed pesticides for 3-4 and 5-6 times a month. Most farmers and their wives experience MCI. Conclusion: The farmer's age and the frequency of spraying pesticides are related to the incidence of MCI in farmers. There is a significant difference between the incidence of MCI in vegetable farmers and their wives, where MCI is more experienced by vegetable farmer wives.

Effectiveness of Innovative Ergonomic Models in Preventing Occupational Fatigue in Rice Farmers

2024-07-09T06:01:23+07:00

Introduction: Ergonomic work hazards are potential hazards that can negatively affect the health of farmers. One of the ergonomic hazards that farmers often experience is fatigue. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of innovative ergonomic models and the preparation of balanced calorie needs in preventing work fatigue in rice farmers. Methods: The type of research used is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, which is the most powerful design to evaluate the intervention used, namely the effectiveness of innovative ergonomic models and the preparation of balanced calorie needs in preventing occupational fatigue in rice farmers. The population in this study were all farmers in Pudak Village, Kumpeh Ulu Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency, totaling 238 people. The number of research samples was 68 farmers has taken using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of innovative ergonomic models using the ANOVA test with (α = 0.05). Result: There was a difference in the effectiveness of innovative ergonomic models in preventing work fatigue between at least two groups of rice farmers. Conclusion: the provision of stretching and snacks coupled with rest periods is most effective in preventing occupational fatigue. As for occupational fatigue, the provision of stretching, snacks, and rest time and the provision of simple education on the hazards of work ergonomics are effective in preventing occupational fatigue in rice farmers.

A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Occupational Safety and Health Program Investment: Hierarchy of Controls-Based Approach

2024-05-31T09:09:36+07:00

Introduction: The Frequency Rate (FR) of workplace accidents in 2019 was recorded at 3.4, meaning that for every million work hours, there were 3.4 cases of workplace accidents. In 2020, the FR increased to 3.6, and in 2021, it further rose to 3.8. Therefore, companies need to make improvements to reduce the number of work accidents by investing some resources in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) investment program. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing the OSH investment program by considering its benefits and costs. Methods: Hierarchy of controls was used in this study to classify and identify OSH programs, OSH investment items, and OSH implementation options. The in-depth interview was also conducted by involving several experts to formulate and justify the items in the conceptual framework. Result: This study resulted in 2 main aspects, namely carefully chosen OSH experts to ensure reliable and relevant information collected and involving a detailed analysis of different data levels (3, 2, and 1) along with a breakdown of costs for each level 1 data. Conclusion: The finding of this study is a conceptual framework to help and direct companies in order to analyze the selection of OSH programs, OSH investment items, and OSH implementation options by prioritizing the hierarchy of controls.

Determinants of Safe Behavior among Clinical Pathology Assistants at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember, Indonesia

2024-03-19T12:24:11+07:00

Introduction: Every workplace has potential hazards that can threaten work safety, including clinical pathology laboratories. Work accidents in clinical pathology at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember have decreased every year. This study aims to examine the determinants of safety behavior among clinical pathology assistants at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital, Jember. Methods: This research was a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The study's respondents were 32 clinical pathology assistants. We collected data using a questionnaire. We analyzed this research using frequency, crosstab, and logistic regression tests. Results: The majority of clinical pathology assistants were under 40 years old, had completed occupational health and safety training, possessed competencies suitable for their work, maintained a positive attitude, and demonstrated high motivation at work. Almost all respondents stated that supervision was good, they had good knowledge, and their most recent level of education was Diploma-III. Most clinical pathology assistants behave safely. Clinical pathology assistants who are under 40 years old, have completed occupational health and safety training, exhibit competence, a positive attitude, and high motivation, report good supervision, possess good knowledge, and hold the latest Diploma-III education level are more likely to behave safely. Conclusion: Several clinical pathology assistants have demonstrated safe behavior while working in the clinical pathology laboratory. Several factors, including superior supervision and reasonable supervision efforts in the clinical pathology laboratory, contribute to the safe behavior of clinical pathology assistants.

Effect of Covishieldtm (AZD1222) Vaccination on Incidences and Severity of Covid-19 among Health-Care Workers

2024-02-16T14:56:37+07:00

Introduction: Limited information is available regarding effect of vaccination on protection against Covid-19 infections and their severity as well. Objectives: In the present study, we assessed the effect of Covid-19 vaccination on incidences and severity of break through Covid-19 infections. Method: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Northern India during one calendar year, 1st August 2021 to 31st July 2022. The study population included Health-care workers (HCWs) who were treated for Covid 19 infection and had already received at least 1 dose of Covishield TM (AZD1222) Covid-19 vaccine. Results: Out of 1868 health care workers enrolled for the study, 513 contracted Covid-19 infections. Amongst infected HCWs, number of single and double doses of CovishieldTM (AZD1222) recipients were 112 and 401 respectively. Out of the 513 covid positive HCWs, 459 (89.4%) had mild disease, whereas 54 (10.6%) had moderate disease. None of the HCWs developed severe disease and no mortality was noted in either group. Conclusion: In this study, we found that immunization with two doses of CovishieldTM (AZD1222) vaccine was associated with decline in number of cases with moderate or severe Covid-19. Moreover, immunization with even single dose of CovishieldTM (AZD1222) vaccine prevented development of severe disease. Henceforth, it is concluded that although, immunization with CovishieldTM (AZD1222) could not protect all recipients from SARS-Cov-2 infection, it did prevent the progress of disease to severe grades.

Dermatitis among Workers and Its Relation with Personal Protective Equipment

2023-11-22T11:26:24+07:00

Introduction: Every workplace must make an occupational health effort to avoid health problems. Many workers underestimate the risks of the job and, therefore, do not use safety equipment even when available. The most often reported case of occupational skin illnesses, contact dermatitis, accounts for more than 85% of all cases. This study was conducted to occupational dermatitis and its relationship to personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Methods: The literature search was carried out in April 2021. The research sources were taken from several databases with the keywords dermatitis, occupational health, and personal protective equipment. The Google Scholar database found 17,710 articles, ScienceDirect found 1,264 articles, ProQuest found 888 articles, and PubMed found 452 articles. Of the entire database, only 36 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: This literature review shows that dermatitis is experienced by workers in various sectors including health workers, hairdressers, scavengers, farmers, fishermen, manufacturing industry workers, printing workers, and construction workers. The use of PPE can reduce the risk of dermatitis. However, in some conditions, the use of PPE has no effect or can even cause dermatitis due to irritation and allergies to the ingredients contained in the PPE. The limitation of this research is that the articles that are the source of this review are only from 2016–2021.Conclusion: Dermatitis still occurs in various occupational sectors. The risk of dermatitis can be decreased by using PPE; however, it can also cause the occurrence of dermatitis itself.

Determinan of Safety Riding on Gojek Rider Community at the Jember Regency

2023-10-27T09:24:22+07:00

Introduction: Safety riding is a behavior to minimize the level of danger as well as safety and security in riding that accordance with laws and regulations system in our country. Safety riding is very important, especially for online motorcycle taxi drivers who have a high risk of having a traffic accident at work. Gojek is one of the largest online transportation companies in Indonesia. Method: This research was conducted on Gojek driver partners in three sub-districts of the Jember urban areas Sumbersari, Patrang and Kaliwates. A study that aims to analyze factors related to safety riding on the Gojek Rider community in the urban area of Jember Regency. This study is a quantitative study using an observational analytical research type with a cross-sectional research design with a sample of 75 drivers. Data collection used interview instrument adopted from previous research, observations and documentations. Analysis of the correlation data used the Chi-Square test. Result: This research the majority of Gojek drivers had 2 years of service (72%), good riding knowledge (68%), mobile phone usages usage on the road without pulling over (74,7%), moderate work fatigue (64%), roadworthy vehicles (82.7%) and unsafe riding (61.3%). Conclusion: There is no correlation between length of service and safety riding. There is a correlation between driving knowledge, work fatigue, cell phone use and vehicle factors.