The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

PROFILING OF ANTHROPOMETRIC, BODY COMPOSITION, AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES USING THE MALAYSIA INSPIRE I-TALENT MANUAL

Willince Mojiin — 2025-08-01

Introduction: People with ID were reported prone to be overweight (22.5%) and obese (23.8%) compared to the general population and demonstrated poor level of physical fitness. Aims: This study aims to identify the anthropometric measurement and physical fitness profile in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and examine the best factors that significantly contribute to explosive strength and balance performance. Method: 124 individuals with ID in Kelantan were recruited in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness were measured using Inspire i-Talent manual. Results: Individuals with ID in this study were overweight (24.27 kg/m²) and their fitness levels were considered generally poor. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that lower limb explosive power variable (R= 0.864, R²= 0.747, F= 34,947, p<0.05) can be anticipated from medicine ball throw, fat percentage and 505 agility test values. In addition, for upper body explosive power (R= 0.863, R²= 0.745, F= 4.223, p= 0.042) it can be forecasted from standing long jump, body weight, gender, static balance, and arm span. Lastly, standing long jump and 505 agility tests could be the main predictor of static balance (R= 0.597, R²= 0.356, F= 6,586, p= 0.011). Conclusion: Present finding can be used as a reference for researchers in Malaysia when prescribing and implementing physical assessment in ID population.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY IN THE RURAL REGION OF DELHI, INDIA

Ankit Yadav — 2025-08-01

Introduction: The proportion of elderly people in India has sharply increased. According to World Population Prospects 2019, the elderly population will be around 19% by 2050. Due to this, there remains a concern about the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly. There is a scarcity of knowledge about QOL and related factors influencing the elderly population, particularly in rural areas of northern India. So, this study was conducted. Aims: To study the quality of life in the elderly aged sixty years and above using WHOQOL-BREF in rural Delhi. Methods: Cross-sectional study in the community. People aged 60 and older in the study area were enrolled using simple random sampling. A total of 195 elderly people were enrolled in the study after obtaining consent. The data was imported into MS Excel and evaluated with SPSS version 25. For descriptive and inferential statistics, p-values of 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: Among the 195 participants, 40.5% were men and 59.5% were women. The proportion of married elderly was 47.7% while the rest were widowed, and 47.2% of the elderly were illiterate. Out of 195 participants, 155 were living in a joint family. Physical health (60.76±11.31), Psychological (67.90±8.71), Social relationship (90.81±12.31), and Environment domain (83.23±11.59) had the highest mean WHOQOL-BREF scores. Conclusions: The QOL score was highest in the social relationship category and lowest in the physical health category. Researchers can conduct a qualitative study in the future to determine the factors affecting quality of life.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION AMONG ELDERLY RESIDING IN A NURSING HOME: IS GENDER IMPORTANT?

Farapti Farapti — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Elderly exhibit an increased for health complications, including obesity and hypertension (HT).. Obesity has been demonstrated to increase the risk of HT and the mechanism is also often influenced by gender. Aims: The study aimed to analyze the association between obesity and hypertension among elderly in nursing home stratified by gender. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 54 elderly subjects in nursing home. A sphygmomanometer was used to assess blood pressure (BIA) and a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) to determine nutritional status includingbody mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), visceral fat (VF), and subcutaneous fat (SF). Analysis of data was performed using an independent t-test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Mean age of respondents was 71.28 ± 8.21, dominated by women (75.9%), and 27.8% had hypertension. Dietary intake indicate excess sodium intake, while potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, vegetables, and fruits intake remain low. All indicators of nutritional status assessment differ significantly by gender except BMI. However, the present study found that BMI is the only variable associated with systolic BP (p=0.023). Stratified by gender, it was found that BW, BMI, and VF in women were related to systolic BP (p=0.022; p=0.015; p=0.040; respectively), and no such relationship was observed in men. Conclusion: It is proven that obesity and hypertension were more prevalent among elderly women. It is imperative to check nutritional statusfor preventive action for other diseases, including hypertension.

STORAGE IS THE MOST INFLUENCING FACTOR OF HOSPITAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT: SEM ANALYSIS

Syukra Alhamda — 2025-08-01

Introduction: From primary data, it was found that 65% of solid waste generation occurred in 12 hospitals in West Sumatra. "2,839 health facilities in West Sumatra, produced 1,899.15 tonnes of medical solid waste including hazardous and toxic materials (B3)," the government stated in March 2020. If nothing is done to address this poor waste management, it will negatively affect society. It is difficult for hospital managers to improve the waste processing system because the stages or factors that have a significant impact on poor waste processing are unknown. Aims: This research aims to find an appropriate medical solid waste treatment model that can be used in hospitals by analyzing the stages and factors involved in processing medical solid waste. Method: Structural Equation Modeling analysis was used in this cross-sectional research. The population study was 12 hospitals and the research sample was taken by calculating Wayne W. Daniel's formula to obtain 120 hospital waste treatment officers. This study started in September 2021 to March 2022. Primary data was collected by writing notes from observations by recording the results of observations, documentation, asking sources, and questionnaires filled out by waste managers and waste cleaning officers. Results: The research results show that of the 4 independent variables influencing medical solid waste processing, storage is the most dominant factor affecting waste processing. Conclusion: Sorting and storage variables influence poor hospital waste management in West Sumatra.

ANALYSIS OF HEALTH WORKERS' PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE IN INDONESIA AND TIMOR LESTE

Anggi Putri Aria Gita — 2025-08-01

Introduction: To achieve an ideal and satisfactory level of health for the community, it is very important to provide high-quality services provided by health professionals. Therefore, health workers are expected to show high performance. Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Profile, 11.5% of community health centers have a shortage of health workers, namely doctors. Timor Leste does not yet have higher education in nursing, so the number of nurses needed is still insufficient. Aims: to analyze the influence of health worker performance on human resource development in the Indonesian and Timor Leste Public Health Services. Methods: A study was conducted involving 43 health professionals. The tool used was a survey conducted through Google Forms. This study used chi-square to investigate the correlation between the two variables and logistic regression to identify the parameters most strongly associated with the performance of health workers. Result: The research findings show that in bivariate analysis, training and work motivation have an impact on the performance of health workers. However, in multivariate analysis, training emerged as the most significant component, with a p-value of 0.021, an odds ratio of 7.173, and a 95% confidence interval of 1.338-8.458. Conclusion: The performance of health workers is largely influenced by their level of training. Health workers with superior training showed 7,173 times more effective performance compared to health workers with poor training. Carrying out regular and continuous training, tailored to the health needs of workers, so that they can master their field of work.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND KNOWLEDGE ON ADOLESCENTS' INTENTIONS TO ENGAGE IN E-CIGARETTE SMOKING

Agus Susanto — 2025-08-01

Introduction: The global prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents (11.3%) is increasing, primarily driven by exposure to promotional content on social media platforms. Aims: This study aimed to examine how exposure to e-cigarette content, content type, e-cigarette-related activity within the content, and knowledge about e-cigarettes influence adolescents’ intention to use e-cigarettes. Method: This survey-based study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, in November 2024. A total of 260 junior and senior high school students were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships between variables. Results: The analysis indicated that exposure to e-cigarette content significantly increased the intention to use e-cigarettes (p < 0.001). In contrast, higher levels of knowledge about e-cigarettes were significantly associated with a lower intention to use them (p = 0.020). However, neither the type of content nor the presence of e-cigarette-related activity within the content showed a significant association with use intention (p = 0.501 and p = 0.162, respectively). The logistic regression model accounted for 25% to 34% of the variance in e-cigarette use intention, suggesting a moderate explanatory power. Conclusion: These findings underscore the significant influence of e-cigarette content exposure and adolescents’ knowledge levels on their intention to use e-cigarettes. While exposure increases the likelihood of use, adequate knowledge appears to reduce it. Therefore, reducing adolescents’ exposure to e-cigarette content and improving their awareness of the associated health risks may serve as effective strategies to prevent e-cigarette initiation.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS RELATED TO SAFE BEHAVIOR OF WORKERS (Cross-sectional Study: Construction Project Building X, Purwokerto)

Damairia Hayu Parmasari — 2025-08-01

Introduction: The work environment must prioritize the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) measures to prevent accidents and work-related illnesses. A key aspect of Occupational Safety and Health implementation is the promotion of safe behavior among workers. This is particularly crucial in the construction sector, where workers are frequently exposed to high-risk conditions. According to the Indonesian Employment Social Security Administration, construction-related incidents accounted for the highest proportion of work accidents in 2023, contributing 32% of all reported cases. Building X in Purwokerto is one such construction project that is currently ongoing and subject to these occupational safety concerns. Aims: This research aims to determine the factors related to safe behavior in construction workers in Building X, Purwokerto. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied, and the population included all construction workers in Building X, consisting of 89 workers. The independent variable measured is safe behavior, while the dependent variables include age, work experience, length of service, knowledge, attitudes, availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), training, supervision, and regulations. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing questions about age, work experience, length of service, knowledge, attitudes, training, supervision, and regulations. Results: There is no significant correlation between age, length of service, work experience, knowledge, attitudes, training, and regulation and safe behavior with p-value >0.05. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between age, length of service, work experience, knowledge, attitudes, training, and regulations and safe behavior among workers in Building X.

INVESTIGATING PARENTS’ RECOGNITION OF THE NEED FOR ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN REMOTE AREAS

Khoiriyah Isni — 2025-08-01

Introduction: The prevalence of depression among children under 15 in Kulon Progo Regency reaches 6%, while emotional and mental disorders affect 8%, with only 9% of affected individuals receiving adequate treatment. Parental behaviour influences the utilisation of mental health services for adolescents, shaping how service needs are assessed. Limited mental health resources and negative parental attitudes further exacerbate adolescent mental health conditions. Aims: This study aims to evaluate parental attitudes toward access to mental health services for adolescents. Method: Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 107 biological parents of adolescents aged 10 to 24 years were selected using purposive sampling. Result: This study finds that perceived severity, perceived threat, and cues to action significantly influence parental behaviour in seeking mental health services (p < 0.05). While 57% of parents reported inappropriate use of services and perceived no benefits from them, 51.4% acknowledged no access barriers. However, only 49.5% demonstrated strong self-efficacy, and 53.3% failed to take timely action. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for interventions that equip parents with practical knowledge and skills to obtain appropriate mental health services for their adolescent.

EFFECT OF COMBINING PHALERIA MACROCARPA AND AVERRHOA BILIMBI L ON FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVES IN A RAT MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Lailatul Sholehah — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious problem, and a solution is being sought. Traditional ingredients have been proven to contain many substances that can be used to prevent and treat diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of Phaleria macrocarpa and Averrhoa bilimbi L extracts on fasting blood glucose levels. Methods: A randomized, post-test-controlled group design was used. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in 36 Sprague Dawley rats by feeding them a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by the administration of streptozotocin and nicotinamide to induce type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The rats were divided into six groups: CN, C-, C+, T1, T2, and T3. The treatment was administered for 21 days, and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's HSD test. Results: The combined dose of Phaleria macrocarpa and Averrhoa bilimbi Lextract effectively reduced fasting blood glucose levels over a 21-day period. Group T1 demonstrated the highest efficacy and did not differ significantly from that of the C+ group. The effective dosage that influenced fasting blood glucose levels was a combination of Phaleria macroca at 750 mg/kg W/day and Averrhoa bilimbi L at 375 mg/kg. Conclusion: Phaleria macrocarpa and Averrhoa bilimbi L extract have a synergistic effect that makes them a promising natural medication for controlling blood glucose levels. Further investigation is required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term consequences of this combination therapy.

PET ATTACHMENT AND STRESS LEVELS AMONG PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS

Mariani Santosa — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Medical students are considered an academic group highly prone to stress, with prevalence rates ranging from 28.5% to 78%. Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) has been shown in several studies to correlate positively with stress reduction. A 2021 Rakuten Insight survey across 12 Eastern and Southern Asian countries reported that 41% of respondents kept pets to alleviate sadness and stress, while 36% cited companionship. Pets are seen as valuable emotional resources and adaptive tools for managing stress. Aims: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the levels of stress experienced by preclinical medical students. The study specifically aimed to explore the relationship between the degree of attachment these students have to their pets and their reported stress levels. Methods: A total of 100 preclinical students took part in this study. The pet attachment scores and stress levels were assessed using standard questionnaires. Data from this study were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc analysis. Results: The average pet attachment score in this study was 49.73. The pet attachment scores were higher in female participants and participants who kept their pets for over nine years. Most respondents experienced moderate stress levels (81%). Significant differences were found in the pet attachment score to mild-moderate stress levels (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results obtained from this study lend support to the hypothesis that attachment to pets has a positive impact on stress levels.

THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON THE LEVEL OF INTELLIGENCE IN ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Melly Kristanti — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Intelligence level is a person's ability to think and respond to things logically, purposefully, and to control and manage the environment more effectively. Nutritional status and parenting of children affect the level of child's carelessness. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018 showed the nutritional status of children aged 5-12 years, where 26.8% were anemic (children aged 5-14 years), 23.6% were short, 10.8% were fat, 9.2% were think, and 9.2% were obese. Aims: The researcher hopes to determine how parenting and nutritional status affect elementary school students' Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Methods: Purposive sampling strategies are used in this cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study is 77 samples. Results: The result found the effect of nutritional status on children's intelligence level (p=0.006; OR 95% CI 4.17 (1.51-11.52) vs Parenting with intelligence level (p=0.343; OR 95% CI 1.35 (0.72-2.54). Nutritional status is something that greatly affects the development of a child's brain so that it can be ensured that good nutritional intake can increase the level of intelligence of children. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to increase counseling programs and also continue existing government programs, such as counseling for mothers or parents related to balanced nutrition, providing counseling on making balanced nutritional foods, increasing the budget in providing supplementary feeding that contains high protein, and hence, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program to reduce the malnutrition rate can be achieved in order to create healthy and intelligent children for the nation's successors.

CORRELATION OF VISUAL FIELD LOSS TO ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING DISTURBANCE ON GLAUCOMA OUTPATIENTS IN SURABAYA

Pradistya Astri Pryandhini — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Glaucoma is known as a thief of sight due to its progressive visual field loss with symptoms typically manifesting only at advanced stages. Visual field loss, particularly peripheral vision, can affect patients’ quality of life (QoL) in performing activities of daily living. Glaucoma cases are predicted to rise by 74% worldwide between 2013 and 2040. Aims: Assess the correlation between the degree of visual field loss and disturbance in activities of daily living in glaucoma outpatients. Methods: A total of 60 patients from Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital were interviewed using the NEI VFQ-25 on near vision, distance vision, peripheral vision, social function, driving, and dependency subscales. Visual field loss was assessed using the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) and categorized based on the Hodapp, Parish, and Anderson (HPA) classification using the better-eye mean deviation value. Meanwhile, Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the correlation between the patients’ visual field loss and NEI VFQ-25 interview results. Results: Significant moderate correlations were observed between visual field loss and the social function (r = 0.545) and dependency (r = 0.483) subscales. Significant weak correlations were observed in the near vision (r = 0.351), distance vision (r = 0.383), and peripheral vision (r = 0.398) subscales. An insignificant weak correlation was observed in the driving subscale (r = 0.262). Conclusion: Visual field loss in glaucoma patients is associated with impaired performance in activities of daily living, with the severity of limitation increasing in line with the progression of visual field loss.

RELATIONSHIP OF ANTENATAL CARE VISIT, EMESIS GRAVIDARUM, AND DIETARY HABIT AGAINST ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

Tuty Yanuarti — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Anemia is one of the clinical conditions that can be found in many countries, particularly developing countries. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is 37.1% with the highest in rural areas, namely 37.8%, and the lowest in urban areas, 36.4%. Multifactors can influence anemia in pregnancy. Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between ANC visits, emesis gravidarum, and diet on anemia in pregnant women patients. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted at the Independent Practice Place of Midwife Rabiah, AM.Keb, Sentosa Village, The District of Seberang Ulu II, Palembang City, South Sumatra Province. The independent variables in this study were ANC visits, emesis gravidarum, and diet, while the dependent variable was anemia in pregnant women. Our study used the SPSS ver.25 program. This study conducted univariate and bivariate analysis. The bivariate used chi-square test. Results: Based on the chi-square test with CI = 95% obtained p-value <0.001 (P<0.05), a significant association between dietary patterns and anemia in expectant mothers at TPMB Rabiah, Am.Keb, Sentosa Village, Sebrang Ulu District, Palembang City, South Sumatra Province, 2023. Conclusion: This study showed a significant association between Antenatal Care visits, Emesis Gravidarum, and Diet against anemia in expectant mothers, which can be used as a source of information for expectant mothers.

FLAVONOID (QUERCETIN) CONTENT, YEAST AND MOLD CONTAMINATION IN DUCK MEAT SOAKED IN SHALLOT (ALLIUM ASCALONICUM) SKIN WASTE

Yan El Rizal Unzilatirrizqi D — 2025-08-01

Introduction: The flavonoid content in shallot skin is 2–10 g/kg higher than that in the edible portion, with < 0.03 to 1 g/kg. Aims: To determine flavonoid (quercetin) content and yeast and mold contamination in duck meat soaked in shallot (Allium ascalonicum) skin waste. Methods: The sample was shallot skin waste from 14 districts in Brebes Regency, Indonesia. Analysis was performed in several steps, including the production of shallot skin flour and measurement of flavonoid (quercetin) levels using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. This study analyzed the amount of yeast mold growth on duck meat after soaking in shallot skin waste extract and the test data obtained will be analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of a table. Results: The average flavonoid (quercetin) content in the shallot skin waste was 4.33% w/w. The lowest flavonoid (quercetin) content in the Sirampog district was 4.29% w/w and the highest quercetin content was 4.40% w/w in the Wanasari district. The mold and yeast contamination levels varied among treatments, with treatment 1 having the highest contamination rate of 96 colonies/g, followed by treatments 2 and 3 with contamination rates of 20 and 15 colonies/g, respectively, and treatment 4 having contamination rates of 3 colonies per gram. Conclusion: The flavonoid content of shallot skin waste varied across the districts. Mold and yeast contamination levels were significantly different among the treatments, with treatment 1 showing the highest contamination rate. Treatment 4 resulted in a very rapid reduction in the number of molds and yeast (3 colonies).

HEALTH CARE SATISFACTION OF PATIENTS COVERED BY NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN WAINGAPU, SUMBA TIMUR, INDONESIA

Yohanes Kambaru Windi — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Membership in Indonesia's National Health Insurance (NHI) has dramatically increased, especially among the subsidized poor group, reaching 83.9% of the 229.9 million people enrolled in the scheme. However, patients’ satisfaction with care provided under this coverage remains uncertain. Aims: To measure the health care satisfaction of patients covered by the NHI in Waingapu, Sumba Timur District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Method: An explanatory cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 patients recruited from three hospitals and 10 community health centers. The Patient-Perceived Indicators of Satisfaction (PPIS) tool was developed for data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate satisfaction level, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the strength of association between indicators and patient satisfaction. Results: Most patients were very satisfied with the health care received; reliability (62%), assurance (52.2%), empathy (56.4%), tangible (49.6%), and responsiveness (45.4%). The CFA confirmed key indicators, including the availability of medicines as central to reliability (0.771), effective medicine (0.788), availability of parking area (0.814) for tangibles, motivation provided by health staff (0.804) for empathy, and responsiveness of pharmaceutical services (0.782). Among all dimensions, patients reported the highest satisfaction in assurance of health care (0.950), while satisfaction on tangible aspects (0.874) received the lowest rating. Conclusion: The study concludes that patients covered by the NHI are satisfied with the expected quality of health care services. However, satisfaction levels vary across individual indicators and dimensions.