Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal

ANXIETY MANAGEMENT METHODS THROUGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Nur Ilmya Nugraha Ningrum Irfandi Putri — 2025-06-10

Background: Expectant mothers face a variety of new difficulties and challenges. While some pregnant women adapt smoothly, others may have difficulty adjusting. This can increase the risk of mental disorders or even relapse for pregnant women who already have mental disorders. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders during the peripartum period. Therefore, this study will examine more deeply the management of anxiety through physical activity in pregnant women. Method: This study uses the Narrative Literature Review method, which begins with reading various relevant articles carefully, then summarizing, drawing conclusions, and identifying gaps that are relevant to the topic or research question. The article search used the following keywords: method AND managing OR reducing AND anxiety AND physical activity OR exercise OR yoga OR aerobic AND pregnant women. The inclusion criteria used in this research article are articles that discuss methods of managing anxiety through physical activity (all types of physical activity) in pregnant women. The articles used must be published in the range of 2020 to 2024 and fully accessible, and in Indonesian or English. The synthesis results found a total of 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Result: The review found that physical activity has positive benefits in reducing anxiety levels in pregnant women. Physical activity can be an effective strategy in managing anxiety through the influence of hormones and various psychosocial mechanisms. Various types of physical activity, such as moderate exercise, strength training, and yoga, can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety through biochemical and physiological processes. Therefore, the recommendation given by practitioners to pregnant women is to engage in moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week.

LITERATURE REVIEW: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTHER'S AGE AND HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY

Tsana Vania Yanata — 2025-06-10

Background: The high maternal mortality rate is caused by a high risk of pregnancy. High risk is a condition that can endanger the mother and fetus and is associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. 90% of maternal deaths are caused by obstetric risk complications and increasing 15% in mothers who have risk factors. Hypertension in pregnancy is a high risk for pregnant women and can be caused by several risk factors. Several risk factors of hypertension in pregnancy are age, history of hypertension, family support, and stress levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal age and the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Methods: This research is a literature study using descriptive method and conducting journal searches on several scientific websites with keywords relationship, factors, age, and hypertension in pregnancy. Results: Based on a literature study of the 5 journals found, it was found most of the mothers are at risk of experiencing hypertension in pregnancy. Age at risk is more susceptible to experiencing hypertension in pregnancy, it is caused by the development of reproductive organs that are not optimal enough in mothers who are too young and degenerative processes in old mothers. Conclusion: Age at risk or < 20 years and > 35 years has a significant relationship with hypertension in pregnancy.

PARENTING PREPARATION EDUCATION IMPROVES SELF EFFICACY IN PREGNANT WOMEN

Nuria Dianita Murwika — 2025-06-10

Background: In Indonesia, 42.3-68.7% of pregnant women have low self-efficacy and are not physically and knowledge-wise ready to become mothers. Willingness to become parents is very important to create a better future generation. Education with audio-visual media is preferred and easy to understand. This study aims to determine the effect of education on preparation for becoming parents on the self-efficacy of pregnant women. Method: The design of this study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test post-test non-equivalent with control group design approach. The sample size was 36 people, namely pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with purposive sampling and data analysis with Mann Whitney. Result: The average increase in self-efficacy in the intervention group was greater than in the control group (10.72> 5.50). The results of the statistical test showed a p-value of 0.019 (p <0.05), namely there was an effect of education on preparation for becoming parents on the self-efficacy of pregnant women. Conclusion: Education about preparing to become parents using animated videos can be applied during pregnancy classes or during antenatal care.

The CORRELATION OF MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND AGE OF MENARCHE WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORHORE

Sugiyanta Sugiyanta — 2025-06-10

Background: Pain during menstruation that does not cause any abnormalities is called primary dysmenorrhea, while menstrual pain that is related to abnormalities in the pelvis is called secondary dysmenorrhea. According to data from WHO, 90% of women experience severe dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between macronutrient intake, nutritional status, and age of menarche with primary dysmenorrhea in medical students at the University of Jember. Method: This type of research was carried out with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted online and carried out in December 2023-February 2024. Samples were taken using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The number of samples in this study was 79 pre-clinical female students. Data was obtained by respondents filling out Google Form and interviews via zoom to fill out the SQ-FFQ questionnaire. The analytical test used in this research is the Spearman test. Result: Correlation analysis showed there was no relationship between carbohydrate (p=0.518), fat (p=0.124) and protein (p=0.260) intake and primary dysmenorrhea. The correlation test of nutritional status with primary dysmenorrhea also produced a significance of 0.703 (p>0.05), which means there is no correlation. Correlation analysis of age of menarche with primary dysmenorrhea produced a significance of 0.003 (p<0.05), which means a correlation was found. Conclusion : No correlation was found between macronutrient intake and nutritional status and primary dysmenorrhea, and a correlation was found between age at menarche and primary dysmenorrhea.

keyword : dysmenorrhea, macronutrient, nutritional status

EFFECTIVENESS OF ROLLING MASSAGE AND COMPRESS TECHNIQUES WARM TO BREAST MILK EXPENDITURE IN MOTHERS POST SECTION CAESARIA

Lilis Fatmawati — 2025-06-10

Background: Constrained breastfeeding is a problem for breastfeeding mothers, and it is often experienced. The intensity of breastfeeding in post sectio caesarea mothers is slower than normal postpartum mothers. The purpose of this study is to determine the technique of rolling massage and warm compresses on breast milk production in post sectio caesaria mothers at Denisa RSU. Method: The designed of this research was Quasy Experimental by design (pre post test design). The sampling was selected by using purposive sampling method. Samples were taken from 28 respondents. Divided into 2 groups, 14 respondents were intervened with the rolling massage technique and 14 respondents were intervened with warm compresses. The independent variables was rolling massage techniques and warm compresses. The dependent variable was the production of breast milk in post section caesarea mothers. Data collection was using SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) of rolling massage technique, SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) warm compresses and questionnaire sheets. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p value = 0.001 for the ejection of breast milk in the rolling massage where <0.05 which means there is an effect on milk ejection. The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p value = 0.001 for the ejection of breast milk in the warm compress technique where <0.05 which means there is an effect on milk ejection. The results of the Mann Whitney U Test statistical test obtained a significance value of p = 0.009 where <0.05 which means H1 is accepted, so there is a significant difference between the rolling massage technique and warm compresses on breastfeeding. Conclusion : Rolling massage techniques and warm compresses can be used as breast milk production therapy. Rolling massage technique is more effective for expressing breast milk compared to warm compresses.

Risk Factors Associated with Spontaneous Abortion at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2019-2023

Rania Sabrina — 2025-06-10

Background: Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage is one of the pregnancy complications which can cause vaginal bleeding, as well as a significant impact on women's psychology. The occurrence of spontaneous abortion is caused by several risk factors that need to be considered. This research is aimed to analyze risk factors related to spontaneous abortion in pregnant women at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Method: The study used a cross-sectional approach. The population was women who checked their pregnancy at Dr. Soetomo Hospital who experienced spontaneous abortion and did not experience spontaneous abortion. The number of samples was 55 for the case group and 55 for the control group. Data were obtained from medical records at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Bivariate chi-square statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS software. Results: The risk factors found to be significant for the occurrence of spontaneous abortion were maternal age (p = 0.003), pregnancy interval (p = 0.005), and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the insignificant risk factors for the occurrence of spontaneous abortion were parity (p = 0.070) and body mass index (p = 0.525). The most dominant risk factor associated with the occurrence of spontaneous abortion was maternal age <20 or >35 years (OR = 6,769). Conclusion: maternal age, pregnancy interval, and hemoglobin level have been shown to be the significant risk factors for spontaneous abortion in pregnant women.

RELAXATION THERAPY VS BED REST: SOLUTIONS FOR PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION

Rizqi Dian Pratiwi — 2025-06-10

Background: One of the main causes of maternal and fetal death is Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in Pregnancy cases in Indonesia are still high, but efforts to overcome it by considering physical and psychological aspects have not been optimal. This study aims to determine the efforts of relaxation technique therapy on the difference in heart rate in pregnant women with hypertension. Method: This study used a cross-over design. A total of 36 pregnant women with third trimester hypertension obtained by random sampling technique were given bed rest therapy for 5 days 1 x 20 minutes and given relaxation therapy for 5 days 1 x 20 minutes. Measurements using a pulse oximeter. Data were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Results: The results of the study showed a significant difference in relaxation technique therapy and bed rest therapy on reducing in normal heart rate (P <0.001). The average decrease in heart rate was greater in the relaxation technique therapy group. Conclusion: Relaxation techniques can reduce heart rate to normal in pregnant women with hypertension. Relaxation techniques can be a complementary therapy in midwifery care for pregnant women with hypertension.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE WITH THE USE OF INTRAUTERINE DEVICE CONTRACEPTIVES

pety merita sari — 2025-06-10

Background: The high birth rate is the main reason for the need for family planning services. Data at the Semen Health Center shows low interest in IUD compared to other contraceptives, this can be caused by several existing factors. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of education and knowledge of acceptors with the use of IUD (Intrauterine Device) contraceptives at the UPTD Semen Health Center, Kediri Regency. Method: This study was a quantitative analysis with a Cross-Sectional research design. The research population is all family planning acceptors in Semen district, Kediri Regency. The sampling technique used in this study is Purposive Sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. Result: Secondary education level (SLTA/SMK) (51%) and basic education level (SD-SMP) (43%). High knowledge, namely 83 respondents (83%). Half of the birth control acceptors are non-IUD users (74%). The results of the analysis of the Spearman's Rho test at the education level with the use of IUD contraceptives are known that the results of sig. (2-tailed) of .140, and knowledge with the use of IUD contraceptives is known as the results of sig. (2-tailed) of .038. Conclusion : There was no relationship between education level and IUD contraceptive use and there was a significant relationship between knowledge and use of birth control. Acceptors need to be proactive in seeking information about the use of IUD contraceptives through various sources such as print media, electronic media, the internet, and consultation with health professionals. This can help in choosing the right method or contraceptive for them to use.

ANALYSIS FACTORS AFFECTING OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN WOMEN HIV IN DR SOETOMO HOSPITAL

Dea Praditya Trisnashanti — 2025-06-10

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant global health concern. In Indonesia, women account for 35,1% of HIV cases. In East Java, 1.062 new cases were recorded from January to March 2023, with the highest number of cases in Surabaya, with a total 663 cases. Opportunistic Infections affect to HIV patients with weakened immune systems. In Indonesia, tuberculosis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection among HIV patients, representing 62,1% of cases. Tuberculosis is commonly found in women with HIV, putting them at risk of transmitting the infection to their unborn child. This research is to analyze the factors that influence the emergence of opportunistic infections in women with HIV. Methods: The type of research used in this study is quantitative with an observational research design. The samples taken are the entire population that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of samples used is 94 female with HIV. Results: The results of the study showed that the duration of infection did not have a significant effect on opportunistic infections (p = 0,402), while the level of adherence to ARV consumption (p = 0,003), CD4 levels (p = <0,001), and viral load levels (p = 0,001) significantly increased the risk of opportunistic infections. Conclusion: There is a significant influence on the level of adherence to ARV consumption, CD4 levels and viral load levels on the emergence of opportunistic infections in female patients with HIV at Dr. Soetomo Hospital.