Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health

Pathology of Silver Rasbora (Rasbora argyrotaenia) after Experi-mentally Infection with Edwardsiella tarda

2025-04-06T17:18:04+07:00

The high demand for silver rasbora (Rasbora argyrotaenia) from the wild had led to declining resources, making fish cultivation necessary. One of the challenges in fish farming is diseases caused by bacteria, such as Edwardsiella tarda, which can lead to Edwardsiellosis and result in mass mortality among fish. This study aimed to analyze the pathology of silver rasbora after experimental infection with E. tarda. Four hundred silver rasbora (5.4±7 cm and 0.47±2.63 g) were reared in twenty aquariums. The treatments consisted of four groups with five replicates, including immersion in E. tarda 10¹¹ CFU/ml (P1), 10¹² CFU/ml (P2), 10¹³ CFU/ml (P3), and a negative control (without E. tarda) (P0) for a 14-days rearing period. Parameters observed included survival rate, stress responses (plasma cortisol, blood glucose, and ventilation rate); hematology profile (total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, differential leukocytes, and hemoglobin levels), histopathological alterations in organs, survival rate, and clinical symptoms. The results showed that immersion in E. tarda did not affect fish mortality. However, other parameters, including hematological profile, stress responses, and histopathological alterations, showed increased values and several pathological changes, yet remained within normal limits.

Disease Dynamics in Hard Corals: Transmission Study of Desulfovib-rio salexigens and Acinetobacter sp

2025-02-24T00:52:12+07:00

The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamics of spread and tissue damage due to infection with Black Band Disease (BBD) on Pachyseris sp. and Brown Disease (BrB) on Acropora sp. Additionally, the effect of ambient temperature on transmission rates was investigated. The results demonstrated that BBD on Pachyseris sp. caused progressive tissue damage, characterized by zones of necrosis and distinctive black bands separating healthy tissue from dead tissue. At 31°C, the disease transmission rate increased twofold compared to 29°C, with an infection rate reaching 1.72 ± 0.76 cm/day. BrB on Acropora sp. showed the highest infection rate reaching 2.20 ± 0.41 cm/day at 29°C with a bacterial concentration of 10⁶ CFU/ml. However, the infection rate decreased significantly at 31°C for all bacterial concentrations tested. The disease propagated linearly along the coral branches, manifesting as yellowish-brown discolouration attributable to symbiont ciliate activity. The virulence of pathogens such as Acinetobacter sp. increased at 31°C, accelerating the spread of necrosis through the production of toxins and enzymes that damage the coral epithelium. BrB symptoms appeared within 2 days at 29°C and only 1 day at 31°C. This study confirms that high temperature and sedimentation play a key role in accelerating disease dynamics in corals. Increasing seawater temperatures due to global climate change create ideal conditions for the spread of disease, threatening the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. To mitigate these challenges, a multifaceted approach involving environmental management, carbon emission reduction, and the development of biotechnology to enhance coral resistance to pathogens is essential.

Risk Management of Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Hatchery Production in Kediri Regency Using the House of Risk Approach

2024-09-09T09:29:45+07:00

Koi fish aquaculture sector is closely tied to risk. Various factors, such as delays and uncertainties in delivering feed, infections, and pests affecting the koi fish due to irregularities in pond cleaning, delays and improper feeding, and extreme weather conditions, can lead to the death of fish. It is crucial to monitor the increasing risks diligently, as inadequate risk management procedures can lead to losses and potentially disrupt the growth of the industry. The purposes of this risk management on koi fish hatchery production are: 1). Identify and define risk events and risk agents in koi fish farming production in Kediri Regency, 2). Analyze risk events and risk agents in the production of koi fish in Kediri Regency. 3). Analyzing risk management in koi fish aquaculture in Kediri Regency. The proportional sampling method was used to choose the research sample. The House of Risk (HOR) data analysis method was employed in this study to analyze data. Based on the data analysis, a total of 17 risk events were identified in the four processes of koi fish seed production, which consist of risk events in the pond preparation process, risk events in the spawning process, risk events in the maintenance process, and risk events in the harvesting process. These risk events are caused by 33 risk agents.

Survival rate and Abnormality Larvae of Silver Pompano fish (Trachinotus blochii) On Different Salinity

2024-07-15T02:14:05+07:00

Silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is a species of marine aquaculture are still new in Indonesia. This species has a life cycle that is entirely at sea, but has the potential to be cultivated in ponds of low salinity. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different salinity on larval rearing on the survival rate and degree of abnormality larvae silver pompano fish larvae (T. blochii). This research was conducted in June 2014 in Lombok Marine Aquaculture Development Center Aquaculture Department Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Station Sekotong, West Lombok regency, West Nusa Tenggara Provinceby using a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of five salinity treatments (34, 31, 28, 25, and 22 ppt) with 5 replications. The results showed that silver pompano fish larvae age Save D17-D35 is able to survive at salinity 22-34 ppt with a survival rate of over 90%. However, in less than 31 ppt salinity, larvae abnormality silver pompano Save increased with decreasing salinity.

Keywords: Survival rate, abnormality, Silver pompano, salinity.

Optimal Stocking Density Cultivating Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Round Pond Media on a Household Scale

2024-12-09T13:01:01+07:00

Increasing stocking density in catfish cultivation is part of efforts to increase production to meet catfish needs nationally and internationally. The obstacles faced by household scale cultivators when applying high stocking densities are poor water quality, high feed conversion, slow growth and high mortality. Many novice cultivators on a household scale are tempted by high production results by implementing very high stocking densities, but do not yet understand the cultivation techniques well. This research aims to determine the optimal stocking density for cultivating catfish on a household scale using round tarpaulin ponds. The study used a completely randomized design of four treatments with three replications (250 fish/m³, 500 fish/m³, 750 fish/m³ and 1000 fish/m³). The cultivation container used is a tarpaulin pool with a diameter of 3 meters, and the fish are given commercial feed with 28-33% protein. Production results are also analyzed using the business income analyst model. A stocking density of 500 fish/m³ produces the most optimal production values, namely absolute growth of 4.28 ± 0.02%/day, absolute length growth of 12.4 ± 0.9 cm, survival of 85.97 ± 0.56%, feed conversion of 0.95 ± 0.00, and production of 30.4 ± 0.57 kg/m³ with operating income of Rp. 1,258,967,-. The results of the analysis of production and income values show that treatment with a density of 500 fish/m³ is the best stocking density for cultivating catfish on a household scale using tarpaulin ponds.

The Potential of Melastoma malabathricum Leaf Extract, Chitosan, and Probiotics in Enhancing the Growth and Survival of Giant Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon)

2025-02-07T02:01:11+07:00

The quality of post-larvae is critical to the prosperous cultivation of Penaeus monodon. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a combination of Melastoma malabathricum leaf extract, chitosan, and probiotics on the growth and survival of P. monodon. Over 30 days, P. monodon postlarvae were treated with various combinations of M. malabathricum leaf extract (50 ppm), chitosan (100 ppm), and probiotics (5 ppm). Growth performance was evaluated through weight gain, absolute length, specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate. The results showed that the PCH treatment (100 ppm chitosan) yielded the highest growth, with an absolute weight gain of 0.168 g and an absolute length of 3.03 cm. The combination M. malabathricum leaf extract, probiotics and chitosan resulted in the highest survival rate of 67.5%. Water quality parameters remained with regulatory standards throughout the study. These findings corroborate the significant potential of chitosan and M. malabathricum as a bioactive growth enhancer in P. monodon cultivation.

Increased THC, DHC, PA and Survival of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by Feeding Porphyridium cruentum Nanoparticle

2025-03-08T13:48:04+07:00

A common disease in white shrimp is vibriosis which can cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis or Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND). Immunostimulants are one of the alternatives to defend against pathogen infection. Porphyridium cruentum is a natural substance that can be used as an immunostimulant. The development of nanotechnology is progressing rapidly today due to its important role in various fields. The use of P. cruentum nanoparticles enhances the absorption and efficiency of feed, making their application more effective. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the addition of P.cruentum nanoparticles in feed on the enhancement of the immune response of white shrimp after administration for one month of rearing. Shrimp were divided into four groups, one group was not fed with P.cruentum nanoparticles (K), three other groups were fed with P.cruentum nanoparticles 0.8; 1.0; 1.2% per kg of feed respectively. The results showed that the treatment with the addition of P.cruentum nanoparticles provided an increase in Total Hemocytes Count (THC), Differential Hemocyte Cells (DHC), and phagocytic activity (PA) after administration for one month of rearing and at the end of rearing provided a higher survival rate than the control.

Production, Nutrient Utilization and Profitability of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) Fed with Different Feed Types and Reared Under Two Production Systems

2025-01-10T14:35:09+07:00

Growth performance, survival, nutrient utilization, body composition and profitability of Clarias gariepinus fed with imported extruded (Le), locally pelleted (Lpe) and locally extruded (Lex) feeds and reared under two production facilities was investigated. The study was conducted in nine IBC tanks and nine net hapas in installed in a 500m² earthen pond with holding water capacity ranging from 0.8 to 0.9 m³. For each system, 900 juveniles of mean initial weight ranging from 10.68 ± 4.93 g to 15.15 ± 3.48 g were stocked at 100 juveniles holding system^-1 and were fed thrice a day for 16 weeks. Final mean weights for tank system were respectively ranged from 758.46 ± 13.79g, 289.03 ± 60.67g and 339.27 ± 9.34g for Le, Lpe and Lex feeds. As for hapas-in-pond system, final mean weights were 726.02 ± 82.91g, 396.85 ± 18.96g and 461.73±13.26g respectively for Le, Lpe and Lex feeds. Fish fed with “Le” exhibited significantly higher growth performance and better nutrient utilisation (p<0.05) irrespective of the production system. However, fish fed “Lpe” and “Lex” feeds exhibited higher (p<0.05) growth performances in hapas-in-pond system. The economic assessment revealed that the use of “Le” feeds to feed African catfish was economically efficient as indicated by the lower incidence cost and higher profit when compared to the local feeds. The fact that the studied feeds were profitable as indicated by the benefit cost ratio >1 irrespective of the production system proves that if the ingredients used to formulate the local feeds are correctly formulated and blended properly, these feeds can provide similar growth rates, survival and yields of African catfish similar to imported feeds.

Molecular and Morphological Characteristics of Redigobius tambu-jon Collected from Tuweley River, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

2025-01-14T14:30:41+07:00

The Tuweley River is an aquatic ecosystem rich in biodiversity. One of the fish species found in this river is Redigobius. Studies on this species' molecular and morphological aspects are very important to support conservation efforts and management of local aquatic resources. This research was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023. The specimen collection is in the Tuweley River, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Morphological character measurements were carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of Universitas Madako Tolitoli, while DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) analysis was carried out at the Bionesia Laboratory, Bali. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach to analyze the data. The data examined include morphological and molecular characteristics (qualitative) and quantitative data consisting of morphometric, meristic characters, and DNA analysis of R. tambujon. These data were tabulated in table form and analyzed descriptively to obtain a comprehensive overview of the species' characteristics. The study results showed that the fish collected in the Tuweley River were the R. tambujon species, based on DNA analysis and morphological character measurements.

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Nano-Chitosan Derived from Green Mussel (Perna viridis) Shells

2025-02-28T08:40:58+07:00

Increasing stocking density in catfish cultivation is part of efforts to increase production to meet catfish needs nationally and internationally. The obstacles faced by household Green mussels (Perna viridis) are a major fishery commodity in Indonesia, producing substantial shell waste. Green mussel shell waste can be used as shrimp feed because of its high calcium content. Nano-chitosan, derived from chitin extracted from green mussel shells, offers enhanced bioavailability and functional properties, making it a promising additive for feed applications. Nano chitosan has the advantage of being biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic. The goal of this study is to create a nano chitosan extract from green mussel shells. Green mussel shells are extracted during the stages of deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. The obtained chitosan extract is then combined with Sodium Tripolyphosphate (NaTTP) to yield nano chitosan particles. The nano chitosan particles were then measured and analyzed for the compounds they contained. The extracted chitosan appeared white, with a yield of 71%, which aligns with previous studies on shell-derived chitosan. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic chitosan functional groups, including C=O and O-H, at 343 nm. This study successfully synthesized nano-chitosan from green mussel shells that have biocompatibility and high calcium content.

Adaptability of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Biofloc Systems: Effects on Growth, Feed Efficiency, Water Quality, and Economic Viability

2025-02-23T12:22:29+07:00

Biofloc Technology (BFT) has emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for aquaculture, addressing critical challenges such as water conservation, feed efficiency, and environmental impact. This study investigates the adaptability of Nile tilapia at different life stages to BFT systems, focusing on growth performance, survival rates, feed conversion ratios (FCR), and economic viability. Three treatments were evaluated: 20-day-old tilapia fry (T1), 35-day-old juvenile tilapia (T2), and 50-day-old adult tilapia (T3), each with three replications. Over a 14-week rearing period, weekly sampling revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in growth and survival rates. Juvenile tilapia (T2) demonstrated superior adaptability, achieving the highest final weight gain (292.33 ± 5.54 g), survival rate (98.67 ± 0.58%), and economic return, with the best benefit-cost ratio (BCR: 1.426) and lowest FCR (0.647 ± 0.028). These findings highlight the potential of BFT to enhance sustainable aquaculture practices by improving feed efficiency, reducing operational costs, and increasing profitability for farmers. This study underscores the commercial viability of using juvenile tilapia in BFT systems, offering a scalable and environmentally friendly approach to meet the growing demand for aquaculture production.

The comparison of Phytochemical Composition, Total Polysaccharides, and Highest Nutrient Content in Seaweed (Ulva lactuca) from Two Different Locations

2025-04-12T13:07:44+07:00

Ulva lactuca is a source of structurally diverse and highly valuable bioactive compounds. Its chemical composition includes carbohydrates (up to 60%), proteins (10% - 47%), lipids (1% - 3%), and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, which exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Ulvan, a heteropolysaccharide present in its cell walls, is known for its antiviral, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study aims to identify the potential of Ulva lactuca as a source of nutrition and health benefits. The research is descriptive-exploratory, aiming to analyze the phytochemical composition and total polysaccharides in Ulva lactuca from Ujung Genteng Beach, Sukabumi, West Java, and Lombok Beach, West Nusa Tenggara. The results indicate that the highest flavonoid content was found in the Ulva lactuca extract from Sukabumi, measuring 3.95 mg/L, compared to 3.686 mg/L in Ulva lactuca from Lombok. The alkaloid content in Ulva lactuca from Lombok was 26.53 mg/L, while in Ulva lactuca from Sukabumi, it was 24.78 mg/L. The highest tannin content was found in Ulva lactuca from Lombok at 9.87 mg/L, compared to 3.53 mg/L in Ulva lactuca from Sukabumi. The polysaccharide content in Ulva lactuca from Sukabumi was 50.83 mg/L, whereas it was 38.165 mg/L in Ulva lactuca from Lombok. Proximate analysis showed that Ulva lactuca from Lombok had a higher protein content (20.44%) compared to that from Sukabumi (15.47%).

Technical and Profitability Aspect of Blue Mosaic Guppy (Poecila reticulata) in Swasti Farm, Sleman, Yogyakarta

2025-02-24T00:49:07+07:00

The blue mosaic guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a highly sought-after freshwater ornamental fish, faces growing market demand. This study evaluates the technical feasibility and profitability of blue mosaic guppy production at Swasti Farm in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Using a case study approach, data were collected through participatory observation, direct monitoring, and semi-structured interviews. Technical performance was assessed by benchmarking farm practices against Indonesian National Standards (SNI 8228.3:2015, SNI 9308:2024) and existing literature. Profitability analysis utilized a one-year business projection model incorporating key metrics: Revenue-to-Cost (R/C), net profit (NP), Break-Even Point by sales volume (BEPs) and production units (BEPu), and Profitability Rate (PR). Production followed four stages: broodstock rearing, breeding, fry/nursery rearing, and harvesting. Rigorous water quality and fish health management ensured protocol compliance. Broodstock (aged three months at spawning) were maintained at a 1:2 male-to-female ratio, yielding 20 larvae per cycle and a 55% survival rate post-nursery. Financial analysis revealed an annual net profit of IDR 9,826,417, with R/C = 1.3, BEPs = IDR 24,419,940, BEPu = 70 fish pairs, and PR = 141%, confirming economic viability. To enhance profitability, scaling production by 75% (to ≥210 fish pairs annually) and optimizing operational efficiencies could elevate profits above Sleman, Yogyakarta’s minimum wage threshold. Findings demonstrate that standardized practices and strategic scaling align guppy farming with regional economic benchmarks, offering a replicable model for small-scale aquaculture ventures.

Enrichment of Fermented Lemna in Commercial Feed and Its Effect in Improving the Perfomance of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Infected by Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria

2024-12-02T14:20:47+07:00

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the main commodities of aquaculture production in Indonesia, especially West Java. The processing of Lemna through the fermentation process is one of the efforts to improve quality alternative feed ingredients that function as prebiotics. The growth of common carp infected with the disease tends to be disturbed, so that the growth rate is inhibited. This study aims to determine the effect of the level of addition of Lemna minor flour from the enrichment of BIOMS probiotics in feed on the growth of common carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The method used in this study was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The calculation of the measurement of test fish samples was carried out 4 times for 30 days. The data was analyzed using variety analysis (ANOVA). The conclusion of this study is that the addition of Lemna flour enriched with fermented BIOMS probiotics in feed provides an increase in SGR (Specific Growth Rate) value, a decrease in FCR (Feed Conversion Rate) value, and an increase in FE (Feed Efficiency) value of fish that is better than fish fed commercial feed (control +) and lemna without enrichment (control -). Feeding with the addition of fermented Lemna flour can increase the growth of common carp, such as SGR (0.34 ± 0.0599) and EP (68%), as well as reduce the FCR value (1.51 ± 0.3161).