Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health

Crown of Thorns Starfish (Achantaster planci) Meal in Formulated Diets on the Growth of Whiteleg Prawn (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)

Muhammad Safir — 2025-02-26

The study was conducted to investigate the growth of juvenile whiteleg prawn (Penaeus vannamei) fed with different doses of the crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) meal in formulated diets. The study was designed using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments were the dosages of A. planci meal in a formulated diet, namely A: 0% (control); B: 9%; C: 18%; and D: 27%. Juveniles of P. vannamei were reared in a 40 × 25 × 25 cm³ aquarium (15 Liter water volume) for 28 days. The results showed that the Individual Weight Gain (IWG) of juveniles ranged from 2.68 to 2.94 g, Specific Growth Rate (SGR) ranged from 2.82 to 2.93% day^-1, feed conversion ratio ranged from 3.03-3.22, feed efficiency was 31.31-33.17%, and survival rate was 96.67-100%. The analysis of variance revealed that the use of A. planci meal in a formulated diet did not have a significant effect (p>0.05) on growth performance (IWG and SGR), feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency and survival rate of juveniles of whiteleg prawn during 28 days of culture. The utilization of A. planci meal up to a dose of 27% can be used as a substitute for fishmeal as a source of feed protein for cultured whiteleg prawns.

The Impact of Lysine and Probiotic Supplementation on Local Artificial Feed Toward Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Survival of Bilih Fish (Rasbora maninjau)

Dini Islama — 2025-02-26

Rasbora maninjau is a native fish of Aceh that is commonly found in the rivers of Nagan Raya Regency, West Aceh, Aceh. Although this fish has been domesticated to save it, cultural efforts are severely hampered by its slow growth. Lysine and probiotics are introduced to local feed to maintain the proper balance of amino acids in the feed and improve the quality of the protein feed produced. This makes it possible for the feed to act in a different way to promote the growth of the fish. The purpose of this study is to examine how Rasbora maninjau growth, feed efficiency, and survival are affected by the addition of lysine and probiotics to local feed. A randomized design with three replications and five treatments was used in this study. The formulation uses local feed as a reference (P0), local feed with lysine added at a rate of 1.2% and probiotics at a concentration of 15 ml/kg (P1), 1.4% and probiotics at a concentration of 15 ml/kg (P2), 1.6% and probiotics at a concentration of 15 ml/kg (P3), and 1.8% and probiotics at a concentration of 15 ml/kg (P4). Three times a day, 3% of body weight is fed. The study was raised for 40 days. The findings indicated that adding lysine and probiotics to a locally manufactured meal had a substantial (P < 0.05) effect on Rasbora maninjau's growth performance but had no significant effect on survival (P > 0.05). The best dosages for Rasbora maninjau growth performance in the locally manufactured feed are 1.6% lysine supplementation and 15 ml/kg probiotics (P3).

The Seagrass Leaf Waste Flour Addition To Feed For Color Pigment Enhance-ment Of Koi Fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)

Muh Fahruddin — 2025-02-26

The price of ornamental fish is determined by the quality of the color of ornamental fish, but in general, the color of ornamental fish will fade when maintained in an aquarium container. The purpose of this study was to determine the color pigment content of koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) after being given additional feed in the form of seagrass leaf waste flour Thalassia hemprichii. This research was conducted for 28 days. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates so that in this study there were 15 experimental units. The treatment in this study was the addition of seagrass leaf waste flour to fish feed. P1 (control), P2 (addition of 3% seagrass leaf waste flour), P3 (addition of 6% seagrass leaf waste flour), P4 (addition of 9% seagrass leaf waste flour), and P5 (addition of 12% seagrass leaf waste flour). The results showed that the value of color pigment content in all treatments were P1 21.56 µmol/g, P2 22.75 µmol/g, P3 23.49 µmol/g, P4 22.08 µmol/g and P5 25.76 µmol/g. For absolute growth in all treatments, P1 was 1.37 g, P2 1.53 g, P3 1.80 g, P4 2.73 and P5 3.70 g. For absolute growth in all treatments, P1 was 53%, P2 67%, P3 67%, P4 80% and P5 87%. The survival rate of ornamental Koi (C. rubrofuscus) in all treatments was P1 53%, P2 67%, P3 67%, P4 80%, and P5 87%. This research concludes that the color pigment content of ornamental Koi (C. rubrofuscus) increases after feeding additional doses of T. hemprichii and the best color pigment increase is shown by treatment P5 with the addition of a 12% dose of T. hemprichii, namely 25.76 µmol/g.

Potential of Microencapsulation of Trash Fish-Based Feed Enriched with Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extract to Increase Ovary Maturity Rate of Mangrove Crab (Scylla serrata)

Miska Sanda Lembang — 2025-02-26

Mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata) are one of the leading fishery commodities in North Kalimantan and have high export value. One of the factors in the development of ovarian maturity in mud crabs is through feed. This research aimed to assess the nutritional levels and maturity of the ovaries of mud crab mothers using encapsulated feed enriched with S. androgynus leaf. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. Mangrove crabs are reared for 20 days, feeding 5% of body biomass. The treatments in this study were Control (Trash Fish Feed), A (Trash fish meal + S. androgynus leaf extract), and B (Encapsulation). Microscopic observations showed that the encapsulated feed was successful in forming microencapsulated granules. Measuring the nutritional content of feed, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, and ash from test samples, it was found that treatment B of encapsulated feed provided optimal nutritional content values compared to other treatments. Observation of ovarian maturity morphology showed TKG IV at 20 days of testing with encapsulated feed. The gonad maturity index (GMI) value of the encapsulated feed gave the highest value and significantly differed from the control and non-encapsulated treatments. This is by the hepatopancreatic index (HSI) value, which is inversely proportional to the GMI value due to being synthesized into oocytes in the mangrove crab ovaries, thus reducing the HSI value. Therefore, it can be concluded that based on the results of research on morphological observations, gonad maturity index, and hepatopancreas index, feed enriched with encapsulated S. androgynus leaf extract shows more significant performance in increasing the rate of gonad maturity of mud crabs.

Effect of different sodium nitrate concentrations on the growth, biomass, and biochemical composition of Tetraselmis chuii

Muhammad Fakhri — 2025-02-26

Nitrogen plays a significant role in the growth and metabolism of microalgae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of different sodium nitrate concentrations on growth, biomass, and biochemical profile in Tetraselmis chuii. Four different nitrate concentrations, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L NaNO₃ were applied in T. chuii culture under a batch system. It was found that a low nitrate concentration of 0.5 g/L NaNO₃ produced the highest specific growth rate and biomass concentration of T. chuii. On the other hand, increasing nitrate concentration led to an increase in chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid in T. chuii, with the optimum nitrate concentration found at 1.5 g/L NaNO₃. Under the nitrogen limitation condition, protein content was significantly decreased, but lipid and carbohydrate content were highly accumulated in the cells. This study provides a unique phenomenon that low nitrogen concentrations not only produce higher biomass but also accumulate high lipid and carbohydrate content.

Diversity of Macroalgae in The Coastal Waters of Gunung Payung, Bali

Ni Putu Swan Dewi — 2025-02-26

Macroalgae are multicellular organisms that are part of algae with large or macro sizes and are classified as multicellular organisms. Gunung Payung Beach is a beach located in Kutuh Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali. This beach has wave barriers in the form of coral reefs that serve as habitats for several types of macroalgae. This study aims to determine the diversity, coverage percentage, and importance value index of macroalgae in the waters of Gunung Payung Beach. The research was conducted from September to November 2023. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The research location was divided into 3 stations, and the research was conducted using 1×1 m quadrat transects. Based on the research, a total of 47 species of macroalgae were found in the waters of Gunung Payung Beach. These macroalgae species came from 3 divisions: 13 species of Chlorophyta, 27 species of Rhodophyta, and 7 species of Phaeophyta. Ulva lactuca and Hypnea valentiae are macroalgae species with the highest coverage percentage at all stations. The calculation of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index shows that the diversity of macroalgae in the waters of Gunung Payung Beach is categorized as moderate, with values ranging from 1.948 to 2.916. The highest diversity index was found at station 2, which is 2.916. The highest macroalgae importance value index at all stations is Ulva lactuca. The growth of macroalgae is influenced by substrate factors and water quality. Gunung Payung Beach has suitable water conditions for the growth of macroalgae.

Activity of Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolated From The Digestive Tract Of Jerbung Shrimp (Feneus marguensis)

Ren Fitriadi — 2025-02-26

Bacteria found in the digestive tract of shrimp mostly play a major role in nutrient absorption. One of the nutritional contents that is quite difficult for shrimp to absorb is fiber. Bacteria that can degrade fiber content are known as cellulolytic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the activity index of cellulolytic bacteria found in the digestive tract of shrimp. The research method includes sampling shrimp with three different categories based on average length and weight, divided into three categories such as large (22.2 g ± 87.3 cm), medium (17.1 g ± 36.7 cm), and small (13.4 g ± 18.8 cm) taken from the north coast waters of Pemalang and the south coast waters of Cilacap. Furthermore, bacterial isolation, morphological observation, calculation of bacterial abundance, and testing of cellulolytic activity were carried out. The results showed that 150 bacteria were successfully isolated from both locations at different sizes and a total of 68 bacterial isolates had cellulolytic activity. There were 22 potential isolates from each coastal water that had a great cellulolytic activity index, ranging from 1.4 to 7.0. Moreover, the most potential activities were performed by 8 bacterial isolates encoded with GM.1, GM.2, GM.3, GM.4, GM.5, GM.6, GM.7, and GM.8 with a range of cellulolytic index obtained ranging from 3.0-7.0. The high activity index of the cellulolytic bacteria obtained is a fairly promising potential as a probiotic candidate that plays a role in degrading fiber in food found in the digestive tract of shrimp so that it can accelerate its growth.

Effectiveness Growth Performance and Feeding Efficiency of Tilapia (Oreo-chromis niloticus) Through Solid Bioslurry Feed in Floating Net Cages

Ruqayyah Jamaluddin — 2025-02-26

The biggest challenge in cultivation activities is the availability of sufficient quantities of feed with optimal nutritional content. Bioslurry is a local material from biogas production waste with good nutritional content. This research aims to determine the amount of solid bioslurry in feed composition that effectively increases fish growth and feed efficiency. This research used a complete design of 4 treatments and 3 replications (12 experimental units). The treatments tested were solid bioslurry as a substitute for corn flour, pollard flour, and fine bran with 0% (control) percentages, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The parameters observed were proximate bioslurry, specific growth rate, survival, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the W-Tuckey test. The proximate analysis of solid bioslurry shows crude protein was 5.54%, crude fiber 15.36%, BETN 7.19%, ash 34.13%, crude fat 0.53%, and water 37.25%. The best treatment is feed C with 5% bioslurry content produced growth of 31.5 g, the best feed efficiency (116.67%), and an FCR of 0.87%. In this research, information regarding feed formulations containing bioslurry can help make feed on tilapia fish raised in floating net cages for sustainable fisheries.

Effect of Silk Worms (Tubifex sp.) Feed On Production Performance, Nutri-tion, And Gills Histology of Striped Catfish Fingerlings (Pangasionodon hy-popthalmus)

Yohanes Corne — 2025-02-26

Natural feed has emerged as an alternative to support production performance and the nutrients contained in fish meat. This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding silk worms (Tubifex sp.) in improving production performance, nutritional content, and gill histology of striped catfish fingerlings (Pangasionodon hypopthalmus). Silkworms were sourced from different origins, namely Group P1 (silkworms with dry food media), Group P2 (commercial silkworms), and Group P3 (wild silkworms). Silkworms were reared for 55 days and fed to catfish seed for 25 days ad libitum. Feeding had no significant effect on absolute length growth, total biomass, and feed conversion with worm feeding treatment (P1) with values respectively 2.3 ± 0.10%, 6.0 ± 0.38%, and 4.2 ± 0.47%. Likewise, the results of growth rate, weight, and length, group P1 had better results compared to treatments (P2) and (P3) but were not significantly different. The best protein efficiency ratio resulted from treatment (P1) of 0.42 ± 0.25%. Gill histology changes were shown in groups P2 and P3, namely hemorrhage and congestion. Based on these results, silkworms reared in dry media can be an effective natural food for striped catfish fingerlings.

Early Gonadal Differentiation, Sex Ratio, and Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Tribulus terrestris Extract Supplemen-tation

Munti Sarida — 2025-02-26

One way to increase the production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is to breed dominant male monosex tilapia. Applying natural steroid hormones derived from plants such as Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) is safe and environmentally friendly. This plant includes flavonoid compounds, steroid saponins, and aphrodisiacs. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Tribulus seed extract on early gonadal differentiation, sex ratio, and growth performance of tilapia juveniles. The study was conducted for 60 days at the Technical Implementation Unit of Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries Service (UPTD PBAT) in the West Region of Kota Agung, Tanggamus. The study design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments: 17α-methyltestosterone 0.0005 g/L (P1), and different doses of Tribulus extract 0 g/L (P2); 0.005 g/L (P3), 0.01 g/L (P4), 0.02 g/L (P5) with three replications each. Ten-day-old larvae were immersed in the treatment solutions for 12 hours weekly, repeated three times, and water quality was monitored during the first month to ensure optimal conditions. The larvae were initially fed Artemia four times per day for up to 20 days and then switched to a commercial diet until the end of the rearing period. Histological analysis of gonad sex differentiation was performed at different stages and sampled 10-60 days after hatching to determine the sex ratio of each treatment group. The results showed that the treatment significantly affected the early gonad development and sex ratio (P<0.05), while it did not significantly affect the growth performance and survival rate of tilapia juveniles (P>0.05). The best dose to increase the percentage of males in Nile tilapia was the treatment with Tribulus seed extract at 0.01 g/L.

Histopathological Analysis of Gills, Liver, and Kidneys of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Affected by Hot Lapindo Mud in Porong River, Sidoarjo-East Java

Budi Rianto Wahidi — 2025-02-26

Direct discharge of Lapindo hot mud resulted in abundant toxic substances in the Porong River. The impact extended beyond water quality, affecting fish in the river the Porong River which is their habitat. This study aims to characterize the histopathology of Nile tilapia affected by hot mud and assess the environmental conditions of the Porong River. Histopathological analysis revealed edema, congestion, hyperplasia, fusion, and necrosis in gill lamellae. The kidneys exhibited degeneration, inflammation, edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis, while the liver showed hydropic degeneration, vacuolization, congestion, and necrosis. These results indicate that the toxic substances in the hot mud affect the organ conditions of Nile tilapia in the water.

Optimization of US Soybean Meal for Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Compared to Commercial Feed on Lake Toba, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Juanda — 2025-02-26

Feed is the most important factor in supporting the growth of tilapia fish production. Soybean meal is recognized as a cost-effective alternative protein source to replace costly fish meal in aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed a diet optimized with US soybean meal compared to an available commercial tilapia diet in fish farming in Lake Toba, North Sumatra. Two experimental diets were used including commercial feed as a control and feed with optimized US Soybean meal with three replications. The experimental diets were given two times a day. After 240 days of feeding, data from the study were analyzed using independent samples T-test on the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version 25.0. The Survival Rate (SR), Average Body Weight (ABW), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and the harvested biomass of tilapia on the feed with US Soy were 64.2%, 1262.2 g, 1.76, and 244.144 kg, respectively. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the SR (Survival rate), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), ADG (Average Daily Growth), and final ABW (Average Body Weight) in both the experimental diets. However, the harvested biomass of tilapia, fed with feed-optimized US soybean meal was better than control. An important finding of this research is the potential of optimizing US soybean meal in aquafeed to increase the growth of tilapia farming.

Effects of Spirulina Meal Supplementation On Growth and Survival Rate of Royal Whiptail Catfish Fry (Sturisoma panamense)

Amalia Putri Firdausi — 2025-03-07

Royal Whiptail Catfish (Sturisoma panamense) have high-stress levels in the early stages of their life. This is a significant concern in the field of fish farming. One of the crucial factors in the cultivation of royal whiptail catfish is the addition of vegetable or algae protein to the feed according to the habits of herbivorous fish. This study aimed to determine the best dose of spirulina that can enhance the growth and survival rates of royal whiptail catfish fry. There were four treatment groups, i.e. feed without spirulina (K), a dose of 3% (SP-3%), a dose of 6% (SP-6%), and a dose of 9% (SP9%). The study was conducted at the Tetra Aquaria Company in Sukabumi City in April - May 2024. The spirulina culture was dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours and ground using a mortar. The powdered feed was mixed with spirulina according to the treatment dose. The fish larvae used were newly hatched larvae, and the maintenance period during the treatment was 21 days. The maintenance container uses a tray measuring 40 cm x 30 cm x 15 cm. The study results showed that the best group was SP-6% with an average survival rate of 87% ± 4.62, significantly different compared to the K, SP-3%, and SP-9% treatments. The daily growth rate value of SP-9% showed the best significant difference (P <0.05) from the control treatment and 3% dose, however not significantly different (P> 0.05) with SP-6%.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LONG FERMENTATION OF COCONUT DRUGS IN FEED ON THE GROWTH OF TILA FISH (Oreochromis niloticus)

Muslim — 2025-02-26

This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time on coconut dregs using yeast in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed on absolute length, absolute weight, specific growth rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE) and Survival Rate (SR). The research method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments consist of A (coconut dregs without fermentation), B (coconut dregs fermented for 2 days), C (coconut dregs fermented for 4 days), D (coconut dregs fermented for 6 days) and E (coconut dregs fermented for 8 days) . The test fish used were tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) which were reared for 40 days with feeding at 08.00 WIB, 13.00 WIB, 18.00 WIB. The length of fermentation of coconut dregs had an influence (P<0.05) on the growth of tilapia, including growth in absolute length, absolute weight, SGR, FCR and FE, but did not have an influence (P>0.05) on SR of tilapia. The best results were found in treatment D with absolute length growth of 2.80 cm, absolute weight of 3.27 g, SGR of 0.082%/day, FCR of 1.06, FE of 94.64% and SR of 95%.