Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health

The Zootechnical Factors Affecting the Biosecurity Profile of Fish Farms in the Centre Region of Cameroon

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

In order to optimize the fish production by a better knowledge of preventive measures against fish diseases, a cross-sectional audit was carried out in Cameroon from March to April 2022 on the zootechnical factors affecting the biosecurity practice in fish farms from the Centre Region (3°55'- 4°67'N; 9°46-11°52'E). A total of 50 farms were selected using the "snowball" method, face-to-face interview of fish farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observation. The most practiced farming system was the semi-intensive production system (74%), non-integrated fish farming (100%), grow-out (66%), monoculture (54%), and the soil system (34% of farms with ponds). The compliance rate (40.98%) and adoption rate (41.00%) of biosecurity measures (BM) was intermediate. The most adopted BM were "sanitary lock" and "no exchange of materials with other farms", while the least adopted were "veterinary intervention", "dead fish incinerated" and "special outfit for visitors". The BM were significantly more observed in intensive, nursery farms and those whose culture facilities were fastanks + concrete tanks with 3 to 12 production cycles per year. A strong, positive and significant linear relationship was established between the compliance rate (y) and BM such as the protection of farms from wild animals, quarantine of new fish, number of production cycles per year (x). The linear regression model between y and x was y = 4.65x - 0.0417. The capacity of fish farmers should be built on biosecurity practices.

Key words: Biosecurity practice, diseases, mortality, fish, Cameroon

Application Of Microbubble Technology To Increase Oxygen Content In The Aquaculture Of Tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum)

Ren Fitriadi, Mustika Palupi — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The oxygen consumed is used to oxidize food substances to produce energy. Therefore, the metabolic rate is usually indicated by the rate of oxygen consumption per time unit. In most intensive aquaculture systems, oxygen content is widely used due to the high stocking density and maximum feeding rates. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of freshwater pomfret (Colossoma macropomum) treated with increased oxygen in two different systems. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale by applying T-test data analysis. The difference of treatment level applied in the comparison of aeration and microbubble consists of two treatments and three replications. The researcher used commercial floating pellets PF0 with 25% protein content, the feeding rate was 5% of the biomass. The feed was given daily during the culture for two times a day. Data of the study were analyzed using T-test on the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software Version 17.0. Results of the study showed that aeration system using microbubble resulted in dissolved oxygen (DO) of 6.5 ± 0.17, 100% pomfret fish survival rate (SR), Survival Growth Rate (SGR) of 1.83 ± 0.24, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of 1.37 ± 0.17, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of 2.79 ± 0.37, Feed Utilization Efficiency (FUE) of 0.67 ± 0.09, Absolute Weight Growth of 52.02 ± 1.60; it was better than using aeration. This study has developed a model of freshwater pomfret fish aquaculture to provide growth value.

New Records of the Egg Development Phase of Varuna litterata in the Lower Serayu River, Central Java

sorbakti sinaga, Maheno Sri Widodo , Yunita Maimunah — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

One of the Brachyura crabs found in the lower reaches of the Serayu River is Varuna litterata, also known as the "herring bow crab". This crab usually inhabits shallow tidal areas and hides under rocks, logs, or dead leaves. It is a highly adapted crab found in a wide range of salinities. V. litterata is also a fishery product consumed in Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. This research was conducted in the Lower Serayu River, Central Java, which consists of three observation stations, namely: 1) the first station is located above the dam with fresh water, 2) the second station is below the dam with fresh water properties and 3) the third station is downstream (estuary) of the Serayu River with brackish water. This research was conducted for four months, from October 2023 to January 2024. This study aimed to determine the level of egg development in V. litterata. The results showed that V. litterata experienced four stages in egg development and then hatched into zoea. At the initial development stage, V. litterata eggs will be purple; in the second stage, the eggs will turn reddish; in the third development stage, the eggs will turn orange to brownish; and in the fourth stage, the eggs will develop and become black. V. litterata that will spawn will migrate to brackish waters to hatch their eggs. V. litterata produces 20,708 - 85,886 eggs with an average egg diameter of 0.440 - 0.466 mm.

The Effect of Cultivation Techniques in The Dry and Rainy Seasons on The Quality of The Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The seaweed Caulerpa racemosa has great potential to be developed because it has economic value and potential as a functional food. This seaweed contains nutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber minerals, and antioxidants. The availability of seaweed is still very dependent on nature and has not been appropriately cultivated. The planting season and appropriate cultivation methods will influence seaweed's quality/nutritional content. This research aims to analyze the nutritional content of seaweed C. racemosa cultivated in different growing seasons. The research method used a floating raft system with a completely randomized design and a factorial pattern carried out in two seasons, namely the dry and rainy seasons. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutritional composition of seaweed C. racemosa, including protein, crude fiber, water, ash, fat, and carbohydrate (NFE). Next, it was analyzed using ANOVA with a further test with Tukey. The research results showed differences in the nutritional composition of seaweed C. racemosa from each treatment cultivated in the dry and rainy seasons. The nutritional composition of seaweed C. racemosa best treatment is found in the plant spacing of 30 cm with a depth of 50 cm in the dry season with the nutritional content namely protein (13.8%), NFE (20.75%), crude fiber (15.71%), a fluctuating fat content of 0.16-1.42%, highest ash (34.69%), water content (35%), moderate in the rainy season namely: protein (10.8%), BETN (10.78%), crude fiber (12.33%), fat content fluctuates (0.18-1.06%), highest ash (30.21%), water content (41.01%).

Nutrient Concentration, Water Brightness, Chlorophyll-a, and Phytoplankton Abundance as Indicators for Determining the Trophic Status of Lake Toba, North Sumatera - Indonesia

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to investigate the water quality and phytoplankton abundance in Lake Toba to determine its trophic status. This research was conducted from January to March 2024 at four stations in Lake Toba. Water samples were taken using a UWITEC water sampler and a plankton net and brought to the laboratory for analysis. The study measured physical and chemical water quality and phytoplankton abundance. The results showed a brightness ranging between 5.8 and 6.3 meters, chlorophyll-a content <10 µg/L, total nitrogen <750 µg/L, and phosphorus ranging from 20 µg/L to 30 µg/L. Based on these parameters, the nutrient quality of Lake Toba was classified as mesotrophic. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 22,514 to 33,475 individuals/L, with 33 genera identified across nine classes: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenida, Fragilariophyceae, Mediophyceae, and Zygnemophyceae. The diversity index (H') was 2.631 - 2.723, the uniformity index (E) was 0.828 - 0.872, and the percentage of blue-green algae was 14.75 - 20.85. Zygnemophyceae was the most dominant phytoplankton class, with Staurastrum sp. being the most prevalent species. In conclusion, Lake Toba's waters are categorized as mesotrophic based on the chemical parameters and as eutrophic based on phytoplankton abundance, indicating potential nutrient enrichment issues that warrant further investigation.

Enhanced Growth Potential of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Through Maggot-Based Feeding in Multi-Trophic Systems

Heriansah Heriansah, Fathuddin, Nursidi Nursidi, Muh. Izzul Alfarifdy — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Highly nutritious insects, such as black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, also referred toas maggot, have been evaluated as feed in monoculture systems, but their use in multi-trophic systems has not been previously investigated. This study used maggot-based feed in a multi-trophic system on a laboratory scale to evaluate the survival and growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia were cocultured with freshwater lobster, freshwater clams, and paddy. Four experimental diets were used including a commercial pellet as a control (CP), live maggots (LM), dried maggots (DM), and supplemented maggots (SM). Tilapia (initial weight, 4.1 ± 0.2 g) and other organisms were reared in plastic tanks (water volume 50 L) and randomly distributed into 12 tanks, each containing 20 individual tilapia. The experimental diets were given four times a day at a feeding rate of 10% tilapia biomass. After 28 days of feeding, the survival and growth of tilapia on the CP diet were 90.0% and 2.8% day^-1, LM 93.3% and 2.7% day^-1, DM 93.3% and 3.3% day^-1, and SM 90.0% and 3.1% day^-1, respectively. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the survival performance among the experimental diets. However, the growth confirmed by Specific Growth Rate (SGR) showed a significant effect (P < 0.05). SGR values were found to be significantly higher in the DM and SM diets than in the CP diet. An important finding of this research is the potential of maggot-based feed to increase the growth of tilapia in multi-trophic systems without impairing their survival.

Growth Performances and Productivities of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosum Cultivated with Long-line Method in PT. Sea Six Energy Indonesia

Andina Chairun Nisa, Diklawati Jatayu, Putu Putri Alfiani — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia is the second largest producer of seaweed in the world. Different cultivated seaweed commodities may have different production results. This study aimed to determine the effect of cultivation time and different types of seaweed on total weight and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosum cultivated with the long-line method. The study was conducted in one cultivation area, PT. Sea Six Energy, Bali, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through observations in 2 sites. Every site contained 3 square frame seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosum. The sample used in this study was one thallus of seaweed taken randomly from 3 different ris ropes in each square frame. The average weight of thallus, total weight, and specific growth rate were performed in this study. After 51 days, the total weight of K. alvarezii was 1348.5 kg. The total weight of E. spinosum was 1398.7 kg. Both, K. alvarezii (8.4 ± 0.34 %.day^-1) and E. spinosum (8.3 ± 0.02 %.day^-1) showed higher Spesific Growth Rate (SGR) in the first 2 weeks of planting but not in the last 3 weeks of cultivation. There was no difference in productivity between K. alvarezii and E. spinosum cultivated using the long-line method. However, this research showed that the SGR value decreased as cultivation time increased.

Shelter Differences on Growth and Survival of Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) in Experimental Tanks

Siggit Dwi Raharjo Raharjo, Erika Saraswati, Mega Yuniartik — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Red claw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus) culture has a serious problem, which is the low survival rate caused by cannibalism. High levels of cannibalism begin to appear since the juvenile stadia, and when the lobster is moulting. Shelter is necessary during the cultivation process to reduce the level of lobster cannibalism. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the differences in shelter on the growth and survival rate of freshwater lobster. The method used in the study was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD). Consists of 5 treatments, including treatment without shelter (K), PVC pipe (A), roster (B), plastic hose (C), and hydrilla (D). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance in the form of one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results of this study showed that shelter differences had a significant effect on absolute weight growth (Sig. 0.002), growth rate (Sig. 0.014), biomass weight (Sig. 0.001), survival rate (Sig. 0.001), but the difference in shelter has no significant effect on absolute length growth Sig. 0.858. The results of water quality observations found that shelter differences do not significantly affect the water quality of crayfish (C. quadricarinatus). The highest absolute weight growth was in the paralon pipe shelter with a value of 0.93 g, the highest length growth was in the roster shelter at 1.22 cm, the highest growth rate was in the PVC pipe shelter at 0.027 g/day, the highest biomass weight was in the PVC pipe shelter 32.64 g, the highest survival rate was in the PVC pipe shelter 92.6%.

Introducing the Diversification of Fishery Products from Cultivated Milkfish as a Trigger for the Creative Economy in the Former Pros- titution Area of Kampung Dolly, Surabaya

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Kampung Dolly was originally the largest prostitution areain Southeast Asia which is associated with nightlife. On 19June 2014, a policy was issued by the Surabaya city govern-ment to close this prostitution area which abruptly causedmany people to lose their jobs that previously could obtain anoverall economic turnaround of over 300 million rupiah pernight. Even after a decade, the community still has not beenable to recover its economic independence. The research wasdeemed indispensable for assisting the community regain itseconomic strength. This activity was conducted by the lectur-ers and students of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Uni-versitas Airlangga to foster a creative economy in KampungDolly community by utilizing fishery resources for 41 partici-pants who were members of MSME N'Jarang Nambe, Kam-pung Dolly, Surabaya. Assistance and monitoring were alsoprovided to ensure a successful outcome for the participants.Preliminary questionnaires found that 87.8% of participantshad ever bought fisheries products and were knowledgeableabout various diversification product types available in themarket. The final questionnaires observed the participants'preferences on product packaging, marketing, and licensing oftheir products. A total of 54% of participants preferred simplepackaging with affordable pricing, 66% of participants wouldrather sell their product at conventional markets directly, andonly 37% of participants have applied for business permits. Inconclusion, this activity has successfully providedcomprehensive insight regarding the introduction of productdiversification and assistance during the production process totrigger the entrepreneurial spirit for regaining economicstability in Kampung Dolly communities.

Potential of Antioxidant Activity Caulerpa racemosa Extract Using DES Solvent and Different Sonication Times as An Antibacterial Against Pathogenic Bacteria

Woro Hastuti Satyantini, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, Saiful Bakhri — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Caulerpa racemosa, a type of green algae, has been studied for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant and an- tibacterial properties. The extraction of bioactive compounds from marine algae using green solvents like Deep Eutectic Sol- vents (DES) has gained interest due to their efficiency and en- vironmental friendliness. This research aimed to determine the potential antioxidant activity of C. racemosa extract using DES solvents and different sonication times as an antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria. The research employed a Facto- rial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two variables: sonication time (10, 20, and 30 minutes) and different DES solvents (ethanol and ethylene glycol (1:20) with 90% aquades, and methanol and glycerol (1:10) with 90% aquades. The highest antioxidant activity was found in DES Methanol-Glycerol (36.39 mg TE/g dw), followed by DES Eth- anol-Ethylene glycol (28.30 mg TE/g dw), both significantly different (p<0.05). The C. racemosa extract inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus with an inhibition zone of 8.08 mm at 50 ppm and 13.13 mm at 1,000 ppm. For V. harveyi, inhibition started at 6.37 mm at 50 ppm, reaching 11.70 mm at 1,000 ppm. DES Methanol-Glycerol with a 10-minute soni- cation provided the highest antioxidant activity and effectively inhibited V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi. Extraction of C. racemosa with DES-MG solvent and varying sonication times influences its antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties.

Growth Performance of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus cultivated in Ekas Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

alvarezii is a superior product of Indonesian fisheries, producing carrageenan which is used as a food, cosmetic, and medicinal ingredient. K. striatus is a carrageenan-producing red alga that began to be cultivated in the Ekas waters of East Lombok in 2023. K. striatus is more resistant to epiphytes and sudden climate change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus. The research was conducted in Ekas Bay, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency. The research was conducted from November 8, 2023, to January 8, 2024. This research used an experimental method with T-test analysis. Treatments in this research are the cultivation of K. alvarezii and K. striatus. Cultivation was carried out at Ekas Bay. Analysis of seaweed carrageenan was carried out in the Laboratory of Fish Production and Reproduction, Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University. The result of this research is K. striatus has a higher absolute weight of 154 g compared to K. alvarezii seaweed which is 72 g. The specific growth rate K. striatus higher at 2,98 % / day compared to K. alvarezii is 1, 98 % / day. The yield of carrageenan of K. alvarezii is 1,95% and K. striatus 0,88%. Antioxidant of K. alvarezii is 5,46 % and K. striatus is 7,42%. Chlorophyll K. alvarezii is 5,77 mg/l and K. striatus is 3,51 mg/l. The conclusion of this study is the growth of K. striatus is faster than K. alvarezii.

Immunological Response of Interleukin-6 on Cantang Hybrid Grouper (Ephinephelus sp.) By Induction Of Protein Brachionus sp.

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the role of Brachionus sp protein on the interleukin-6 pro-inflammatory immune system in Cantang grouper infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN). The purpose of this study was to determine the protein content of Brachionus sp. which has the potential as an antivirus and to find out the benefits of Brachionus sp. on the expression of Interleukin-6 as an indicator of increased fish body defense system against VNN. Testing of Brachionus protein by injection at doses of 35 µl, 105 µl, and 170 µl /150 gram Cantang grouper. The results showed that the lowest decrease was at a dose of 105 µl/150-gram Cantang groupers. In addition, Brachionus sp. contains 3 protein bands with molecular weights of 122.73 kDa, 75.49 kDa, and 13.77 kDa.

High Salinity Intensive Seaweed Growth Rate in Aquaponic Systems

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Aquaponics is a closed recirculating aquaculture method combined with hydroponics. This method is very alternative for raising fish while growing plants in specially designed media. The mechanism obtained is very effective and efficient, plants can utilize fish waste as nutrients for plant growth. Poisonous fish waste in ponds can be reduced by plants as nutrients for organic substances. This can enhance profitable bio-integrated food production systems. Plants will serve as vegetation filters. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aquaponic treatment in high-salinity water by observing the growth in three species of seaweed namely Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The research design used the LSD method and was carried out for 63 days. Data analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with the test Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The research method involved making aquaponic media including preparing containers for seaweed cultivation and fish and shrimp farming, observing seaweed growth rates, and measuring water quality. Aquaponic treatment can increase the growth rate of intensively cultivated seaweed. The results showed the best weight growth rate in the aquaponic treatment of Gracilaria sp. with a value of 12.33 grams than Kappaphycus alvarezii 11.33 grams and Sargassum sp. 10.83 grams.

Impact of the Color of Rearing Tank on Behavior and Growth of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the impact of tank color (black, red, blue, green, and transparent) on the behavior (boldness and aggressiveness) and growth of Nile Tilapia over nine weeks (first, third, sixth, and ninth weeks). Boldness and aggression levels were assessed using open field and mirror image tests, respectively, for individual Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Healthy Nile Tilapia, initially weighing 2.51g on average, were used in the experimental trials conducted in tanks of different colors. The findings indicated that red tanks appeared to foster the highest level of boldness (p<0.05), whereas fish in transparent tanks exhibited the highest level of aggressiveness compared to other tanks (p<0.05). Moreover, individuals in black tanks displayed the highest growth rate in terms of weight (p<0.05). This study suggests that Oreochromis niloticus can thrive better in black-rearing tanks, as the black tanks appear to enhance the growth rate of the fish, possibly through improvements in physiological processes.