Journal of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline

Hybrid Silver Nanoparticles–Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Peels as a Prospective Adsorbent for Bromophenol Blue Removal

2025-04-14T10:52:14+07:00

Water pollution caused by dye effluents has become a global problem, for example in the textile, paper, and food industries. One common type of dye waste is bromophenol blue, which is considered to pose a low level of danger, but frequent exposure to its waste can cause skin irritation. This research was conducted using silver nanoparticles synthesized with purple sweet potato peels, which are rich in anthocyanin content so that it can be used as an active reducing agent and produce an adsorbent used for dye waste removal. Combination of biogenic-chemical method was chosen due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and lower toxicity. Characterization of the obtained nanomaterials included UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and XRD. The results showed that the average crystal size of pure IBpe and the three IBpe-AgNPs were 7.09 nm, 8.68 nm, and 13.99 nm with an FCC crystal shape. The average particle sizes of the three IBpe-AgNPs were 82.76 nm, 85.72 nm, and 99.78 nm, with an almost spherical shape. The research found that IBpe-AgNP 1:9 demonstrated the highest adsorption efficiency of 77.24% compared to the other samples. In terms of desorption efficiency, the IBpe-AgNP 1:3 sample showed the highest value at 27.54% compared to the other three samples. Furthermore, the reuse test revealed that the IBpe-AgNP 1:9 sample had the highest reuse value at 27.02% compared to the other samples, showing the same trend as the first adsorption.

Analyzing the Formation of Nanobubbles and its Effect on the Stability of Dissolved Oxygen in Water

2025-04-11T11:38:47+07:00

Nanobubbles (NB) have attracted many researchers due to their unique characteristics, one of which is increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in liquids, making them a promising technology for various applications, such as water treatment and aquaculture. This study investigates the generation of NBs using a custom-designed cartridge nozzle and evaluates their effectiveness in sustaining elevated DO concentrations. Experiments were carried out under a controlled gas pressure of 400 N/m² comprising a 30-minute active phase with the generator turned on, followed by a 30-minute passive phase with the generator off, to assess NB formation and stability. The results showed that smaller nanobubbles had higher stability, allowing dissolved oxygen to stay longer in the water. Particle size analysis revealed the production of uniformly distributed NBs averaging approximately 600 nm, which remained structurally stable even after gas input ceased. During the active phase, DO levels increased sharply, peaking at 28.51 mg/L by the 10th minute. Although a gradual decline was observed after pressurization stopped, DO levels remained significantly higher than baseline, indicating the prolonged oxygen retention capability of NBs. This performance is attributed to the slow dissolution kinetics, high zeta potential, and favorable interfacial interactions of the bubbles. Overall, the cartridge nozzle-based method demonstrates strong potential for applications in water treatment, aquaculture, and other processes requiring efficient and sustained oxygen delivery.

Grid Impact Study of Lombok Power System Due to the Integration of Solar Power Plant

2025-04-21T11:42:14+07:00

In recent years, the response to climate change and the need for sustainable energy have driven the global energy transition towards renewable energy, particularly Solar Power Plants (SPP). As a tropical archipelagic country with abundant solar energy potential, Indonesia is increasingly committed to integrating renewable energy into the national electricity system. However, integrating SPP also has several drawbacks to the electrical system. For instance, there is an absence of inertia in SPP because the SPP does not contain rotating machines, and the intermittency is due to SPP power production being highly dependent on the availability of sun irradiance. This research analyzes the effects of SPP penetration on the existing electrical system. Newton Raphson load flow, three-phase line-to-ground short circuit, and transient disturbance are used to investigate the impact of SPP penetration. The results show that the SPP penetration enhances the voltage steady state profile due to the additional active power from SPP. Furthermore, there are no increasing short circuits due to the characteristic of an inverter with no impedance. In addition, the transient response has an effect as SPP has no inertia. Hence, the system tends to experience swings in conditions.

Estimating Rooftop Photovoltaic Penetration Level on Power Distribution Network Constrained by Power Quality: Case Study in Salodong Feeder

2025-05-09T16:33:33+07:00

The growth of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in Indonesia has increased rapidly as part of the national effort to develop decentralized renewable energy. PT PLN (Persero) North Makassar Customer Service Unit, with a total of 409,025 customers and an installed capacity of 1,332 MVA, has integrated seven rooftop photovoltaic customers with a total capacity of 419.5 kilowatt peak (kWp). The main challenge of integrating rooftop photovoltaics is the system's ability to channel solar energy while maintaining service and operational standards. This research investigates the impact of rooftop PV penetration on power quality parameters, including voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and distribution system reliability in one of the feeders of the PLN North Makassar area. The Salodong feeder, in particular, consists of 137 transformers with a total capacity of 32.9 MVA, serving customers from various tariff groups, including industry, business, social, and residential. The impact of rooftop photovoltaic penetration on the distribution system is evaluated by analyzing various levels of rooftop photovoltaic penetration. Additionally, this study also proposes strategic recommendations that can be implemented to optimize rooftop photovoltaic penetration. The findings highlight a critical penetration threshold, which, if exceeded, will affect power quality limits and propose mitigation strategies to avoid excessive reverse power, high harmonics, and voltage fluctuations. An optimal rooftop photovoltaic penetration level of approximately 30% is recommended, serving as a reference for the PT PLN (Persero) network planning team to enhance PV integration while maintaining system performance.

Electrochemical Sensor and Biosensor Detection of Ethanol in Beverage Samples

2025-04-28T10:00:58+07:00

Ethanol detection is critical in the beverage industry, where it is essential to monitor alcohol concentrations for quality control and compliance with regulatory standards. Traditional analytical methods, such as gas chromatography and distillation, offer accuracy but are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and require sophisticated equipment. In contrast, electrochemical sensors and biosensors have emerged as promising alternatives due to their rapid response, portability, cost-effectiveness, and potential for real-time monitoring. Electrochemical sensors, particularly those enhanced with metal nanoparticles like platinum, palladium, or gold, have shown significant improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and response time. These sensors offer the advantage of miniaturization, making them ideal for on-site analysis, although issues such as electrode stability, susceptibility to interference, and long-term reliability remain. On the other hand, biosensors, which leverage biorecognition elements like alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or alcohol oxidase, provide high specificity for ethanol, reducing interference from other compounds commonly found in beverage samples. Recent advancements in biosensor technology have focused on improving sensor stability, enzyme immobilization techniques, and reducing production costs. While biosensors offer high selectivity and sensitivity, they may still face challenges related to enzyme denaturation and environmental factors such as temperature and pH fluctuations. Both electrochemical sensors and biosensors are continuously evolving, with recent developments including the use of nanomaterials and novel biorecognition elements to enhance performance. This review will explore recent advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for ethanol detection in beverage samples, highlighting their potential, challenges, and future directions in this field.