Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology

A Systematic Review of Indonesian Veterinary Research on Abattoir and Animal Slaughtering: Scientific Methods and Approaches

2025-09-22T11:23:35+07:00

Background: Veterinary research on abattoirs and animal slaughter published in Indonesian journals requires comprehensive evaluation due to its close relevance to animal-derived food production and public health. Purpose: This systematic review analyzes studies on abattoirs and slaughter practices published from 2014 to 2024 in 20 Indonesian veterinary journals, including 13 SINTA-accredited and 7 non-accredited journals. Review: A total of 37 articles were examined to identify research themes, methodological approaches, study designs, analytical techniques, and disciplinary focuses. Result: Publication trends over the decade fluctuated, with no significant correlation between publication year and article count (r = 0.43; p > 0.05). Cattle were the most frequently examined species (13 studies), showing a significant difference in the distribution of research subjects (χ² = 79.50; p = 6.15 × 10-14). Quantitative and mixed-method approaches were the most commonly used (17 and 19 studies), and their adoption differed significantly (χ² = 11.80; p = 0.0027). The descriptive survey design dominated the literature (32 studies), with a significant difference from other designs (χ² = 21.85; p = 0.000018). Differences in analytical techniques were not significant (χ² = 94.49; p = 1.47 × 10-19), although descriptive analysis was most frequently applied. Veterinary public health was the primary disciplinary focus (15 studies), but the overall disciplinary distribution was not significantly different (χ² = 1.121; p = 0.993). Conclusion: This review provides a concise overview of research priorities and methodological patterns in Indonesian veterinary literature on abattoirs and animal slaughter. The findings highlight the dominance of descriptive and mixed-method studies, the strong focus on public health, and the need for more diverse methodological and disciplinary approaches in future research.

Surgical Removal of Air Rifle Projectiles in Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the Ubud Monkey Forest

2025-08-11T08:51:53+07:00

Background: Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) frequently share their habitat with humans, leading to conflicts, especially when habitat disturbances force them to exploit human food sources. In response, humans sometimes use air rifles to deter these animals. Preventive measures such as sterilization programs, habitat restoration, and public education about responsible interactions with macaques are essential to reduce the occurrence of such incidents and promote coexistence. Purpose: This report describes the anesthesia and surgical management of gunshot wounds in long-tailed macaques. Case(s): Two adult free-ranging male long-tailed macaques in the Ubud Monkey Forest, Bali, Indonesia, were presented with gunshot wounds on the inguinal region and right caudal pelvic area, respectively. These macaques were captured and anesthetized for a scheduled vasectomy. A detailed clinical examination indicated that the projectiles were lodged in the subcutaneous tissue. Based on their shape and size, the projectiles were suspected to be 0.177 caliber (4.5 mm) air rifle pellets. Case Management: Surgical removal was performed to extract the air rifle pellets. Preoperatively, the macaques received amoxicillin (15 mg/kg BW, IM), ketorolac (2.5 mg/kg BW, IM), and Visine® eye lubricant. Propofol was used for anesthetic maintenance (1 mg/kg BW, IV). Following pellet removal, the wound was sutured with monofilament absorbable poliglecaprone 25, and the planned vasectomy was conducted using the bilateral incision method. Postoperatively, the macaques were administered atipamezole (0.02 mg/kg BW, IM) for anesthesia reversal, placed in recovery cages in lateral recumbency, and closely monitored. Conclusion: Once the macaques showed clear signs of recovery from anesthesia, they were transported back to the capture site and released into their original group.

Concurrent Isosporiasis and Toxocariasis in a Persian Kitten: Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management

2025-09-29T08:17:02+07:00

Background: Isosporiasis, caused by Isospora spp., is a common intestinal parasitic infection in kittens, transmitted via ingestion of oocysts in contaminated food, water, or feces. Concurrent infections with nematodes such as Toxocara spp. can complicate clinical management. Purpose: To provide clinical insights into the diagnosis and management of simultaneous isosporiasis and toxocariasis in kittens. Case(s): A 1-month-old, 0.7 kg female Persian kitten named Alin was presented with pasty diarrhea. The kitten had good appetite and hydration, with no prior deworming or vaccination. Clinical examination revealed respiratory rate 104 breaths/min, pulse 156 beats/min, and rectal temperature 39.9°C. Abdominal palpation showed distension and auscultation revealed hyperactive intestinal sounds. Fecal analysis detected Isospora spp., oocysts and Toxocara spp. eggs, confirming co-infection. Case Management: Initial treatment included oral Cotrimoxazole and CTM powder for isosporiasis and Pyrantel Pamoate (Chombantrine®) for toxocariasis, administered three times daily for five days. Persistent infection on follow-up prompted four additional days of CTM therapy. By November 6, 2024, Isospora spp., remained detectable; CTM was discontinued, deworming repeated, and intramuscular Intertim LA was administered for maintenance therapy. Conclusion: Simultaneous isosporiasis and toxocariasis may require extended combined therapy due to potential resistance of Isospora spp. Routine deworming, strict hygiene, and early diagnostic monitoring are essential to prevent and manage such infections in kittens.

Early-Onset Polycystic Kidney Disease In Two Juvenile Persian Kittens – A Comparative Study

2025-10-14T11:30:05+07:00

Background: Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder frequently observed in Persian cats and related breeds. It is characterized by multiple cysts within the renal cortex and medulla, leading to progressive renal dysfunction and eventual chronic renal failure. Although PKD is typically diagnosed in adult cats, early-onset forms in juveniles are rarely reported. Clinical signs in young cats often resemble other systemic disorders such as urinary tract infections or gastroenteritis, making diagnosis challenging. Understanding the clinical presentation and progression of PKD in juvenile cats is essential for early detection and promoting responsible breeding programs to reduce genetic transmission. Purpose: This study describes and compares two cases of early-onset PKD in juvenile Persian kittens that showed rapid progression toward chronic renal failure. It also highlights the importance of early genetic screening in high-risk breeds and evaluates the potential influence of homozygous mutations and secondary stressors on disease severity. Case(s):Two Persian kittens, Niharika (female, 1.5 kg) and Panther (male, 1.9 kg), presented as emergency cases at the Government Veterinary Clinic, Jabalpur, India, with systemic illness, inappetence, lethargy, and thermoregulatory instability. Both were unvaccinated and not dewormed. Despite intensive supportive therapy, both developed dehydration, fluctuating body temperature, and progressive clinical decline. Case Management: Despite aggressive treatment including fluid therapy, antibiotics, antiemetics, and nutritional support, both kittens died within six days of admission. The initial diagnosis of interstitial cystitis was later revised after poor response to standard care. Conclusion: These cases demonstrate that autosomal dominant PKD in Persian cats can occur early and progress rapidly, likely due to homozygous mutations and secondary infections. Early genetic screening is critical for reducing hereditary renal disease in predisposed breeds.

Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in a Five Month Old Golden Retriever

2025-08-29T12:07:45+07:00

Background: Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major cause of severe illness in dogs, particularly in unvaccinated puppies. The virus spreads rapidly and often leads to acute gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality. Purpose: This case report describes the diagnosis and management of canine parvoviral enteritis in a young dog that presented with early clinical signs of infection. Case(s): A five-month-old female Golden Retriever named Golden, weighing 7.65 kg and light brown in color, was presented with a two-day history of anorexia, repeated vomiting (approximately five times per day), and bloody diarrhea. On physical examination, the patient was moderately dehydrated, with pale mucous membranes, delayed capillary refill time (>2 seconds), reduced skin turgor, and elevated heart and respiratory rates. Fecal examination revealed no intestinal parasites. Hematological analysis showed normocytic normochromic anemia, lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. A rapid CPV antigen test confirmed the diagnosis of parvoviral infection. Based on the clinical and laboratory findings, the dog was diagnosed with canine parvoviral enteritis. Case Management: Treatment focused on supportive and symptomatic care. Cefotaxime (20 mg/kg body weight) was administered intravenously twice daily for five days to prevent secondary bacterial infection. To control vomiting, metoclopramide HCl (0.5 mg/kg body weight) was given intravenously. Supportive therapy included intravenous fluids (lactated Ringer’s solution) and vitamin B-complex supplementation. Conclusion: The patient showed marked clinical improvement, including normalization of vital parameters, restoration of appetite and activity, and cessation of vomiting and diarrhea. The dog was considered clinically recovered at the end of the treatment period.

Landrace Swine Mortality Due to Colibacillosis in Conventional Farming

2024-11-18T11:34:42+07:00

Background: Colibacillosis, caused by Escherichia coli infection, is a major health issue in pig farming, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This report describes a case that occurred on a conventional pig farm in Puhu Village, Gianyar District, Bali. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the cause of death in a 43 day old Landrace pig exhibiting clinical signs including brown watery diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss. Case(s): A necropsy was conducted at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Bacteriological examination was performed by culturing organ samples on Nutrient Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, followed by biochemical testing using Triple Sugar Iron Agar and Sulfide Indole Motility media, among others. Parasitological examination was carried out using the fecal float concentration method. Case Management: Epidemiological assessment revealed morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates of 1.89%, 0.63%, and 33.33%, respectively. Gross pathological findings included intestinal and gastric dilation and hemorrhage, intestinal edema, and lesions in the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed localized intestinal congestion, generalized cardiac congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosa. Bacteriological analysis confirmed Escherichia coli with alpha-hemolytic activity on blood agar. Eimeria spp. oocysts were not detected in the fecal samples. Conclusion: The pig’s death was attributed to colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli infection. This case highlights the importance of early detection, strict biosecurity measures, and proper sanitation practices to prevent disease outbreaks in conventional pig farming.

Safety and Potential Test Profile of Inactivated Coryza Vaccine in SPF Chickens

2025-08-29T11:35:04+07:00

Background: Infectious coryza, caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens that results in high morbidity, growth retardation, and decreased egg production, leading to economic losses in poultry industries. Vaccination is considered the most effective preventive measure, and inactivated vaccines are widely used due to their safety and ability to stimulate protective immunity. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and potency of a commercially produced inactivated coryza vaccine using Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) chickens at the National Quality Testing and Certification Center for Veterinary Drugs (BPMSPH), Indonesia. Method: A descriptive observational approach was used to assess safety and potency in vaccinated SPF chickens. A total of 40 SPF chickens four weeks old were used and divided into a vaccinated group and a control group. The vaccinated group received the inactivated coryza vaccine according to standard test procedures, while the control group remained unvaccinated. Clinical observations and local reaction assessments were conducted to evaluate safety, and antibody titers against coryza serotype A were measured to determine potency. Results: Observations showed that 100% of both control and vaccinated chickens exhibited no abnormal clinical signs or coryza reactions. In addition, the vaccine potency test showed that 100% of vaccinated chickens had coryza serotype A antibody titers ≥10. Conclusion: This test confirms that the registered inactivated coryza vaccine formulation meets safety test criteria: 100% of control and vaccinated chickens remained clinically normal, and no abnormal local reactions were observed at the inoculation site. Potency testing demonstrated that all vaccinated chickens developed serotype A antibodies, which are expected to provide protection against coryza infection in the field and improve poultry survival.

A Comparative Study Between E-Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Lungs of Mice (Mus musculus)

2024-12-16T09:57:34+07:00

Background: Cigarettes are tobacco products processed with or without additives and are known to contain addictive substances that pose serious health risks to individuals and the public. Inhaled cigarette smoke directly stimulates the activation of macrophage cells in the respiratory tract. Among the affected cells, type II alveolar cells which produce pulmonary surfactant to reduce alveolar surface tension are particularly vulnerable to smoke-induced damage. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor exposure on the number of alveolar macrophages and type II alveolar cells in male mice (Mus musculus). Method: A total of 28 male mice were randomly divided into seven groups. The control group (C) was exposed to ambient air only. Groups A1, A2, and A3 were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 conventional cigarettes per day, respectively, while groups B1, B2, and B3 were exposed to 0.7 mL, 1.3 mL, and 2 mL of e-liquid vapor per day, respectively. All exposures were conducted for 36 consecutive days. Results: A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the number of alveolar macrophages among groups C, A1, A2 , A3 , B2 , and B3 , whereas no significant difference was found between A1 and B1. The number of type II alveolar cells significantly differed (p < 0.05) across all groups: C, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3. Conclusion: Both conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor increase alveolar macrophage counts and reduce type II alveolar cell numbers compared to controls. Although both exposures pose health risks, e-cigarette vapor appears to cause milder pulmonary effects than conventional cigarette smoke.

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of MRSA and ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Veterinary Hospital Environment

2025-09-26T08:52:49+07:00

Background: Nosocomial infections pose a major challenge not only in human hospitals but also in veterinary settings. These infections are frequently associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). Purpose: This study aimed to detect and characterize MRSA and ESBL-E isolated from environmental samples at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universitas Brawijaya (VTH UB). Method: The study involved four main procedures: (1) sample isolation; (2) bacterial identification of S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime (MCA + 1 mg/L); (3) antibiotic susceptibility testing and MRSA confirmation using Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB); and (4) confirmation of ESBL production through the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). Results: Isolation and identification revealed S. aureus in 86.6% (13/15) of samples and Enterobacteriaceae in 26.6% (4/15). Among Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 6.7% (1/15) and Enterobacter aerogenes for 20% (3/15). Antimicrobial resistance testing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed that all (13/13) were resistant to at least one antibiotic class. Resistance rates were 53.8% (7/13) to oxacillin, 92.3% (12/13) to cefoxitin, 23.0% (3/13) to tetracycline, 92.3% (12/13) to erythromycin, and 46.1% (6/13) to gentamicin. The prevalence of MRSA among environmental isolates was 46.6% (7/15), while ESBL-E prevalence was 26.6% (4/15). Conclusion: The detection of MRSA and ESBL-E in the hospital environment indicates potential zoonotic and hospital associated infection risks in veterinary facilities. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthened infection control practices and provide a baseline for broader surveillance across veterinary hospitals.

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Leptospira spp. in Rodents from Different Habitats in Mgeta Ecosystem, Morogoro - Tanzania

2025-08-13T08:39:48+07:00

Background: Leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spp., poses a major public health threat in tropical regions, including Tanzania. Rodents are the principal reservoirs responsible for environmental contamination and disease transmission to humans and domestic animals. However, information on Leptospira infection in rodents inhabiting undisturbed and restored forests in Tanzania remains scarce. Purpose: This study aimed to detect and characterize Leptospira spp., infecting rodents and shrews in the Mgeta ecosystem, Morogoro, Tanzania, to better understand their potential role in maintaining and transmitting the pathogen across habitats. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024. Rodents and shrews were live-trapped from undisturbed forests, farms, fallow lands, naturally restored forest corridors, and human dwellings. DNA was extracted from kidney tissues and screened using semi-nested PCR targeting the secY gene. Results: A total of 207 small mammals were captured, consisting of 98.55% rodents and 1.45% shrews. Leptospira spp., were detected in 9 (4.3%) rodents, with Praomys (44.4%), Lophuromys (33.3%), and Mastomys natalensis (22.2%) showing the highest prevalence. Infections were mainly detected in farm, forest, and corridor habitats. Phylogenetic analysis identified all isolates as Leptospira borgpetersenii, exhibiting 98.44–98.99% similarity with strains from Spain, Portugal, South Africa, and the United States. Conclusion: The detection of L. borgpetersenii across multiple habitats highlights its ecological persistence and potential zoonotic risk in the Mgeta ecosystem. Strengthened surveillance and integrated public health strategies are essential to mitigate leptospirosis transmission in agricultural and forest-edge communities.

Demographic Characteristics and Zootechnical Performances of Montbéliarde Dairy Farms in Northern Regions of Cameroon

2025-09-15T09:51:49+07:00

Background: In Cameroon, the production and consumption of cow milk remain limited, primarily due to inadequate herd management practices, the use of low-performing breeds, and insufficient control of reproductive activities. Purpose: This study aimed to contribute to the improvement of dairy productivity by evaluating the demographic characteristics, reproductive parameters, and milk production performance of Montbéliarde dairy herds in Cameroon. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2022 on nine Montbéliarde dairy farms located in the Adamawa and Far North regions. Data on farm structure, management practices, reproductive performance, and milk yield were collected using structured questionnaires and subsequently analyzed descriptively. Results: The average herd size was 15.00 ± 14.23 cows in Adamawa and 2.25 ± 0.50 cows in the Far North. The mean gestation length, age at first calving, calving interval, lactation duration, and average milk yield were 272.99 ± 8.44 days, 29.89 ± 2.62 months, 14.29 ± 1.11 months, 343.49 ± 17.51 days, and 2513.71± 540.62 L, respectively. Calving, weaning, numerical exploitation, pre-weaning mortality, and overall mortality rates were 27.08%, 47.78%, 61.93%, 42.46%, and 38.91%, respectively. All farms exhibited a negative crude numerical growth rate (-37.18%). Conclusion: The reproductive and productive performances of the Montbéliarde breed in Adamawa and the Far North regions were below expected standards. These suboptimal outcomes are primarily associated with poor management systems and inadequate breeding conditions, emphasizing the necessity for improved herd management, enhanced reproductive monitoring, and targeted interventions to optimize milk production efficiency in Cameroonian dairy systems.

Evaluation of the DAVIH-RAPID-BRU Immunochromatographic Test for Diagnosing Brucellosis in Swine Herds

2025-09-17T14:05:48+07:00

Background: The diagnosis of Brucella spp. traditionally requires complex serological tests that demand a well-equipped laboratory and trained personnel. To overcome these limitations, the Veterinary Diagnostic and Research Laboratories (DAVIH) developed a lateral flow immunochromatographic system capable of detecting antibodies in serum or whole blood, facilitating its use under field conditions without the need for sophisticated infrastructure. Purpose: Evaluate the performance of the rapid immunochromatographic test in swine herds. Method: A total of 348 blood samples were collected from the marginal ear vein of swine (323 females and 25 males) from farms with a high prevalence of brucellosis. The results of the rapid test using whole blood (field) and serum (laboratory) were compared against the reference standard. Diagnostic validity indicators, predictive values, and the Kappa index were calculated to assess agreement between tests. Results: The test demonstrated high sensitivity (95.26% in blood; 98.95% in serum) but moderate specificity (81.65% in blood; 84.81% in serum). The agreement between blood and serum results was good (Kappa = 0.78), although 7.5% of the samples showed discordant results, possibly due to interference from blood components. Negative predictive values were excellent (93.48% in blood; 98.53% in serum), indicating high reliability for ruling out infections. The test also showed robustness under variable environmental conditions. Conclusion: The DAVIH-RAPID-BRU system is a rapid, sensitive, and practical tool for the initial screening of swine brucellosis in the field, particularly useful for epidemiological surveillance programs. However, due to its moderate specificity, positive cases should be confirmed with more specific tests (such as 2-ME or RFC) to avoid misdiagnosis. Its implementation could significantly enhance early detection efforts in endemic areas.

Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle in Lowland and Highland Areas of Magelang District, Central Java

2025-10-22T12:49:26+07:00

Background: Geographic location is one of the key factors influencing the reproductive performance of cattle. Environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall directly affect the reproductive efficiency of cows. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the reproductive performance of beef cattle raised in highland and lowland areas. Method: A total of 60 productive female cows were surveyed, comprising 30 cows from the lowland area of Borobudur (230–240 m above sea level) and 30 from the highland area of Sawangan (450–1400 m above sea level). Data on calving interval and service per conception were obtained through field surveys of farmers maintaining artificial insemination records. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Results: Reproductive performance was assessed based on calving interval and service per conception. Cows raised in the highland area of Sawangan demonstrated superior reproductive performance, with a calving interval of 429.66 ± 145.16 days and a service per conception rate of 1.5 ± 0.73, compared to 516.33 ± 168.72 days and 2.5 ± 1.61 in the lowland area of Borobudur. These findings suggest that higher altitudes with cooler and more stable climatic conditions contribute to improved reproductive efficiency. Conclusion: The results indicate that altitude has a significant influence on cattle reproductive performance. Cows raised in highland areas exhibited shorter calving intervals and lower service per conception rates compared to those in lowland areas. Cooler temperatures and lower humidity in highlands likely enhance reproductive outcomes. Farmers in lowland regions may improve reproductive efficiency by implementing cooling systems or adjusting breeding schedules. Further studies are recommended to identify additional environmental and management factors influencing cattle reproduction across different agroecological zones.

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Citrobacter Species from Small Ruminants and Water Sources

2025-10-13T10:54:20+07:00

Background: Citrobacter species are gram negative, enteric bacilli that are mostly found in water, soil, food, and intestine of animals and humans causing wide range of infections. Purpose: It will provide critical insights that can improve the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infections caused by Citrobacter species, thereby enhancing the overall health of small ruminants. Method: A cross-sectional study using stratified random sampling method was used. A total of 120 samples were analyzed, consisting of 116 from small ruminants and 4 from water. Samples were cultured on selective media and Mac Conkey Agar. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done for Citrobacter species using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and are classify as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant for each antimicrobial agent. Results: A total of 23 isolates (19.2%) were identified as Citrobacter species, while 97 isolates (80.8%) belonged to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Citrobacter species showed a 100% prevalence in water samples, compared to 16.4% in small ruminants. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between Citrobacter occurrence and factors including sample source (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.000), and breed (p = 0.002). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that Citrobacter portucalensis isolates exhibited complete resistance (100%) to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, with similarly high resistance levels to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (94.7%), pefloxacin (84.2%), cephalexin (84.2%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (89.5%). Ofloxacin showed the greatest level of susceptibility (73.7%), although resistance was still observed in 21.0% of the isolates.. Conclusion: The detection of Citrobacter species in both animals and water underscores the need for effective therapeutic choices and environmental control to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

The Synergistic Effect of Different Antibiotics Against Mastitis Associated Escherichia coli in Pakistan

2025-08-29T12:27:38+07:00

Background: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, non–spore forming bacterium that acts as a pathogen in both humans and animals. It plays a major role in mastitis, one of the most challenging and economically important diseases affecting dairy animals worldwide. Purpose: This study aimed to isolate multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli from milk samples collected from dairy farms and to evaluate the synergistic effects of different antibiotic combinations against these isolates. Method: Escherichia coli was isolated using MacConkey agar and identified through biochemical testing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method to identify MDR isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined via the broth microdilution method. To assess potential synergism, fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices were calculated, and 252 antibiotic combinations were tested. Results: Most E. coli isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, except meropenem and vancomycin. Among all tested combinations, 22 pairs such as meropenem–amoxicillin, meropenem–enrofloxacin, amoxicillin–colistin, enrofloxacin–colistin, ceftriaxone–colistin, ceftriaxone–oxytetracycline, and others exhibited synergistic effects. Several additional combinations showed additive effects, suggesting potential utility in combating multidrug resistance in E. coli associated with mastitis. Conclusion: The FIC analysis revealed that combinations of meropenem with amoxicillin (Mer+Amox), meropenem with enrofloxacin (Mer+Enro), and colistin with amoxicillin (Col+Amox) demonstrated the strongest synergistic activity. These results indicate that specific antibiotic combinations could provide promising therapeutic strategies against MDR E. coli infections in mastitis cases.