Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology

Quality Improvement of Chicken Meat Treated with Neutral Electrolyzed Water

2024-09-13T12:46:19+07:00

Background: Chicken meat during processing may be exposed to bacterial contamination through several different ways. Electrolyzed water, as a new sanitizer, has gained popularity in food industry among many countries in recent years. The usage of electrolyzed water is a prospective, green conception and has several characteristics over conventional cleaning procedures which are safe for human beings and the environment. Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the sensory and bacteriological quality of chicken carcasses treated with different types of electrolyzed water. Method: Thirty-seven freshly slaughtered broiler chicken carcasses were completely immersed in clean container containing distilled water and electrolyzed water for 40 minutes, then sensory evaluated. For bacteriological analysis, chicken carcasses were divided into three groups, one for control, another group (Group I and II) and the chicken meat samples treated by immersion in neutral electrolyzed water for 20 and 40 minutes, respectively. Results: The mean value of colour scores of treated chicken carcasses was 4.9, 2.8, 4.5 and 3.7, for odour scores of treated chicken carcasses was 4.8, 2.6, 4.6 and 3.4, for general appearance scores of treated chicken carcasses was 4.9, 3.6, 4.6 and 3.9 for control, acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolyzed water, respectively. The bacteriological quality of treated chicken meat with neutral electrolyzed water was assessed. The mean values of aerobic plate counts for control, after treatment for 20 and 40 minutes were 5.40, 3.90 and 3.71 Log₁₀ cfu/g, for enterobacteriacea were 3.63, 2.69 and 2.59 Log₁₀ cfu/g, for Staphylococcus aureus were 2.99, 2.57 and 2.22 Log₁₀ cfu/g, for Escherichia coli were 2.93, 2.18 and 1.94 Log₁₀ cfu/g, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated immersion of chicken carcasses for 20 minutes in neutral electrolyzed water improved their bacteriological quality without adverse effect on sensory quality.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Protozoal Infections in Local Cats (Felis catus) in Harau District, Limapuluh Kota Regency

2024-03-06T14:18:56+07:00

Background: One disease that often affects cats' health is infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or protozoa. Protozoa are parasites that can live in the cat's digestive tract. Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of digestive tract protozoa in local cats and determine the types of digestive tract protozoa that infect local cats in Harau District. This study also calculated the percentage of cats infected with protozoa based on the sex and age of the cat. Method: The examination method used in this research is the floating method. Examinations were carried out at the Animal Health and Disease Laboratory of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic on 50 feces samples from local cats kept in Harau District. Cat feces samples were taken using purposive sampling in Harau District. Results: The results of the examination showed that 7 out of 50 cat feces samples in Harau District tested positive for digestive tract protozoa with a prevalence of 14%. Two types of protozoa were found, namely Isospora spp. with a prevalence of 10%, Toxoplasma gondii 8% and double infections (Isospora spp and Toxoplasma gondii) with a prevalence of 4%. Based on the gender of cats infected with digestive tract protozoa, the percentage of male cats was 10.5% and female cats were 16.1%. Based on the age group of cats infected with digestive tract protozoa, the percentage was 20% in the kitten group (1-7 months), 15% in the juvenile group (7 months-2 years) and in the prime period group (2-6 years) none were positive. Conclusion: These findings highlight the presence and distribution patterns of protozoal infections in local feline populations, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive measures based on age and sex.

Detection of Leptospiral Antibodies in Rodents and Shrews in Human Residence Vicinity in Kilwa District: A Potential Public Health Risk

2025-03-24T08:09:02+07:00

Background: Leptospirosis is a worldwide neglected zoonotic infection that affects both humans and animals in tropical and subtropical countries. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the presence of leptospiral antibodies in rodents and shrews, as evidence of public health threat. Method: Sera from 202 rodents and shrews were prepared and tested against five live antigens to detect leptospiral antibodies by using microscopic agglutination test. Leptospiral serovars commonly reported in Tanzania namely; Sokoine, Pomona, Hebdomadis, Lora, and Grippotyphosa were used in this study. Face-to-face interviews about cause, clinical signs, transmission, treatment and risk practices were conducted. Results: The overall prevalence of leptospiral antibodies in rodents and shrews was 14.36% (95% CI:0.0983-0.1996), whereby mastomys natalensis was a more predominant positive host species. Serovar Sokoine was more prevalent compared to other tested serovars. The antibody titers obtained in this study ranged from 1:20 to 1:80, which suggests a long-standing exposure of rodents and shrews to different leptospiral serovars. Awareness of respondents about leptospirosis was below 50% in all aspects of enquiry. Conclusion: Given the human economic activities and the ecology of rodents and shrews in study area, the findings of this study suggest a public health threat. Therefore, rodents and shrews control should be encouraged but also public and institutional efforts to prevent outbreaks are recommended.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Silvery Mole-Rats in Morogoro Region, Tanzania

2025-04-22T08:26:44+07:00

Background: Exploring the nematode diversity in silvery mole rats opens up a fascinating avenue for understanding the intricate relationships between underground-dwelling mammals and their parasites. It is intriguing to consider the potential transmission of parasitic zoonotic between humans, livestock, and silvery mole rats due to the notable interactions of these animals. Purpose: This study aims to acquire crucial information about the nematode fauna in silvery mole rats in the Morogoro region, Tanzania. Method: A survey of nematode parasites in silvery mole rats was conducted in the Morogoro region, from March to June 2023. Collected rats were euthanized using Diethyl Ether, and dissected to remove the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Adult worms were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol. A flotation method and lactophenol mounting techniques were employed to process gastrointestinal contents and adult roundworms. The prevalence of nematodes was computed, and a chi-square test was applied to assess the relationship, a p-value< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The examination of the gastrointestinal tract contents revealed two nematode taxa; Physaloptera spp and Strongyloides spp. The overall prevalence of nematode infection was 38.69% (53/137), with Physaloptera species being the most prevalent (37.22%). Adult rats had a lower infection risk than sub-adult rats. Female silvery mole rats were at higher risk of being infected compared to males. Conclusion: The study established two nematodes in silvery mole rats of Morogoro region, Tanzania, which are Physaloptera spp and Strongyloides spp.

The Effectiveness of Basil Leaves Extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) on Histopathological Features of The Lung Rattus Norvegicus Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke

2025-03-26T14:27:38+07:00

Background: Mosquito coil smoke is one of the exogenous free radicals. Exposure to mosquito coil smoke is associated with lung inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Compounds that can inhibit the oxidation reaction by binding free radicals are known as antioxidants. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) as an antioxidant on damage to the histological structure of the lung of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to mosquito coil smoke. Method: Rats were divided into five groups; group without treatment as negative control C(-) was given 0.5% CMC Na, group as positive control C(+) was given 0.5% CMC Na before mosquito coil smoke exposure, and three groups that treated with 150 T(1), 300 T(2), and 600mg/kgBW T(3) of basil leaves extract before mosquito coil smoke exposure. Exposure to mosquito coil smoke was given for 8 hours a day for 52 days. All rats were terminated after 52 days of treatment; the histopathology of the lungs was observed under the microscope at 400× magnification within five visual different fields. The analysis was done by observing the severity. Statistical analysis in this study used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The result showed that the control group and treatment group had significantly different lung damage (p<0.05). Conclusion: All doses of basil leaf extract reduce lung damage in infiltration of inflammation of cells, thickening of alveolar wall, and enlarge alveolar in rats. The effective dose of basil leaf extract is 600 mg/kgBW in reducing the lung damage.

Parasites in the Digestive Tract of Lion (Panthera leo) at the Safari Park of Gurun Putih Lestari Jantho, Aceh Besar

2025-03-25T07:55:36+07:00

Background: Parasitic infections in wild animals housed in captivity pose a threat to the success of animal conservation endeavors. Factors such as environmental contamination, abrupt alterations in ecological circumstances, and spatial constraints render captive animals vulnerable to stress, consequently compromising their immune systems. These infections have a notable impact on the host. Furthermore, not only captive animals but also personnel, visitors, and the public at large can be at risk of contracting parasites that have the potential to infect various species. Purpose: This study seeks to ascertain the occurrence of gastrointestinal endoparasitic infections in lions housed at the Gurun Putih Lestari Safari Park in Jantho, district of Aceh Besar. Method: Samples were collected from five lions housed at Gurun Putih Lestari Safari Park in Jantho, district of Aceh Besar. The sampling procedure involved direct collection of lion feces, which were then placed in containers with 10% formalin and labelled accordingly. Sampling was conducted three times at 15-day intervals. The fecal samples were analyzed using four methods: flotation, sedimentation, formol ether, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Results: The analysis of fecal samples revealed that three adult lions were found to be infected with Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma spp., and Cystoisospora rivolta, while two lion cubs were solely infected with Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma spp. Notably, the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique did not detect any gastrointestinal endoparasites. Conclusion: The findings suggest that lions housed at Gurun Putih Lestari Safari Park in Jantho, district of Aceh Besar are infected by gastrointestinal parasites. It is recommended to administer deworming treatment to lions as a preventive measure against a surge in parasitic infection among the lion population.

A Study on the Ectoparasites and Hemoparasites Infections in Rodents from the Kilwa district, Tanzania

2025-03-24T13:42:55+07:00

Background: Ectoparasites play a significant role in facilitating the transmission of disease pathogens and parasites that affect animals and humans. Purpose: This study aims to assess the prevalence of ectoparasites and hemoparasites in rodents from the Kilwa district, Tanzania. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to trap 138 rodents using Sherman and wire cage traps. Ectoparasites were removed from rodents by using fine brushes and identified based on morphological features using a Stereo microscope with the assistance of dichotomous taxonomic keys. Blood samples were collected from supraorbital veins in captured rodents, and thick and thin smears were made, stained and examined using a Compound Microscope for screening hemoparasite. Results: The overall prevalence of ectoparasites in rodents was 57.87 % with a high infestation of rodents by Echinolaelaps (Laelaps) echidninus (44.20%) than Laelaps nuttalli (10.87%), Xenopsylla cheopis (12.32%), and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (2.90%). Most ectoparasites were found in M. natalensis 76.40% followed by R. rattus 25.81%, and G. leucogaster 36.36%. Adult rodents recorded 63.41% of ectoparasites prevalence higher than juveniles 13.33% (p< 0.05). The overall prevalence of hemoparasites in rodents was 18.12%. The identified hemoparasites were Anaplasma sp. (13.04%), Babesia sp. (3.62%), and Trypanosoma sp. (1.45%) observed only in adult rodents. Conclusion: The study recommends engaging and encouraging the community to use integrated pest management practices for rodents and ectoparasite control and prevention to safeguard both human and animal health.

Seasonal Variation on The Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosoma species from Rodents Trapped in Kilombero District, Tanzania

2025-04-15T11:57:23+07:00

Background: Trypanosomiasis is a disease mainly encountered in tropical regions and is significant to both humans and animals. Rodents and their fleas have been found to play a major role in the transmission of trypanosomiasis to humans. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the seasonal variation and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma species from rodents in Kilombero. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 387 rodents were captured, and anesthetized with Diethyl Ether to collect blood, spleen, and liver. Rodent tissues were tested with conventional PCR and sequencing to target the 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes. Results: The most prevalent species was Mastomys natalensis 82.43% (319/387), followed by Rattus rattus 16.79% (65/387), Gramomys spp. 0.52% (2/387), and the least captured species Lemnscomys spp. 0.26% (1/387). Overall microscopic prevalence was 38.76% (n=150/387), and PCR indicated prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. to be 6.28% (n=10/159). Male rodents had a higher molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma spp., and a higher molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. was observed in the dry season. Conclusion: Detection of T. lewisi from the rodents shows the public health significance in the study area. As a result, it is critical to use prevention and control measures in rodents to minimize potential human exposure within the area.

Factors Affecting Diversity and Distribution of Haemoparasites and Ectoparasites of Rodents and Shrews In Iringa District

2025-04-10T07:34:52+07:00

Background: Rodents and shrews serve as a reservoirs and final hosts of various parasitic agents. Different factors are known to affect the diversity and distribution of the parasites harbored by them. Little is known on the factors affecting the diversity and distribution of parasites in rodents and shrews found at different elevations in Iringa District. Understanding these factors is crucial to comprehending how parasitic populations among small mammals spread. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the diversity and distribution of ectoparasites and hemoparasites in rodents and shrews in Iringa. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected sites between March and June 2023. Rodents and shrews were captured using Sherman and wire traps, euthanized, and then their sex and species were identified. After that, ectoparasites, blood and tissue sample were collected and processed. The diversity and distribution of parasites at different sites were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Index formula. Results: The overall prevalence of hemoparasites infection was 24.2 % (50/207), dominated by Anaplasma centrale (17.4%:36/207) followed by Plasmodium spp. (8.7%:18/207) and Anaplasma marginale (4.4%:9/207). A total of 713 ectoparasites belonging to five taxa were recovered from small mammals with an overall prevalence of 55.1% (114/207), dominated by mites; Echinolaelaps echidninus 46.4% (96/207), followed by lice; Polyplax spinulosa 16.9% (35/207), tick Hemaphysalis spp. 7.3% (15/207), and two flea taxa; Dinopsylla lypusus 2.9% (6/207) and Xenopsylla cheopis 1% (2/207). Conclusion: The high occurrence of Anaplasma centrale and Echinolaelaps echidninus suggests potential ecological and public health significance.

Prevalence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Cats at Satwagia Intensive Care Bogor

2025-04-14T12:02:21+07:00

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are significant disorders affecting the respiratory system, including the sinuses, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. Despite the clinical significance of URTI in feline populations, research on their prevalence in cats within Indonesia remains limited and underreported, highlighting the need for more comprehensive studies in this area. Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in cats at Satwagia Intensive Care Bogor over a one-year period (August 2022 to August 2023). Method: Data for this study were collected from veterinary examinations of patients with confirmed URTI, sourced from the medical records of affected cats over the specified one-year period. A total of 124 confirmed cases of URTI were recorded. The data were analyzed descriptively, with results presented in tables, and compared against existing literature. Quantitative analysis included prevalence calculations, followed by ANOVA to assess the relationship between various subgroups, such as breed, gender, age, and monthly incidence and the occurrence of URTI. Results: The prevalence of URTI in cats at Satwagia Intensive Care Bogor was found to be 23.98%. Domestic breeds showed the highest prevalence at 58%, with male cats accounting for 66% of the cases. Kittens demonstrated the highest prevalence at 66%, with ANOVA revealing significant age-related differences in URTI incidence. The highest monthly prevalence was observed in November, at 12%. Conclusion: Significant age-related differences and a peak in November suggest seasonal and demographic factors. This study provides important baseline data for feline URTI in Indonesia and emphasizes the need for targeted prevention and further research.

Scabiosis, Otitis Externa, With Toxocariosis and Ancylostomiasis In Local Cat

2024-11-06T11:04:29+07:00

Background: Skin diseases caused by ectoparasites are common health issues found in clinical cases involving domestic animals kept as pets. Scabiosis is a skin disease in livestock and companion animals caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei or Notoedres cati mites in the stratum corneum of the skin. Otitis externa is an inflammatory condition in the external ear canal. Toxocariosis is a disease brought on by parasites from the genus Toxocara. Hookworm disease is an infection by hookworms, Ancylostoma sp. Purpose: To report the management of scabiosis, otitis externa, toxocariosis and ancylostomiasis in local cats. Case: The case animal was a male cat named Chipmunk, aged 3 years, with orange eyes and hair color, 2.4 kg body weight. The cat was examined due to redness on the back of the neck and scratching behavior while eating. Upon physical examination, the cat appeared active and behaved calmly with a scratching habit. The pruritus score was 8/10. The Body Condition Score (BCS) was 3 out of 9. There was alopecia and hyperkeratosis on the face, ears, and neck; crusts on the neck area and scales on the face and neck. The nasal mucosa was moist and the oral mucosa was pale pink. Abdominal palpation revealed a relatively firm consistency. Laboratory examinations conducted included complete blood count (CBC), superficial skin scraping, ear cerumen swab, direct microscopic examination, sedimentation, floatation, and egg per gram for feces. Case Management: The treatment involved the administration of ivermectin and diphenhydramine injections, drontal, and prescribed medications included chlorpheneramine maleate, multivitamin, and fish oil. Conclusion: Treatment for scabiosis and otitis externa proved effective, as well as toxocariosis and ancylostomiasis clinically.

Management of Digit Papillomas in Golden Retriever Dogs

2025-03-28T14:54:02+07:00

Background: Papillomas are benign tumors that affect the skin or soft tissue beneath the skin. These papillomas can be accompanied by various abnormalities such as pustules, itching, hematomas, cysts, blisters, abscesses, lick granulomas, and skintags. While papillomas may resolve on their own, some cases require intensive treatment and management. Purpose: To provide veterinarians with insights into diagnosing and managing papilloma cases. Case: A 10-year-old male Golden Retriever presented with an open wound on the left front paw nail. The wound originated from a broken nail, which led to a non-healing wound over a period of 2 months. Clinical examination revealed a mass-like lesion that had ruptured. Palpation of the left front paw nail area indicated an irregular, lobular growth resembling grapes or cauliflower. Case Management: Routine hematology revealed that the dog had microcytic hypochromic anemia, while blood chemistry indicated mildly reduced kidney function. Cytology confirmed that the wound was a papilloma. Treatment involved digit amputation to completely remove the tumor mass, along with wound care that included the application of ointments, antibiotics, analgesics, hematopoietic agents, anti-bleeding medication, and anti-cancer drugs. Supportive treatment included multivitamins, nerve supplements, immune supplements, and skin and coat supplements (Coatex). By the fifth postoperative day, the wound had dried, and the edges were healing well. Conclusion: Papillomas are benign and not harmful, but it is recommended to completely remove the tumor mass to prevent secondary infections.

The Treatment of A Case of Feline Panleukopenia Virus in a Mixed Persian Cat

2025-03-28T15:26:14+07:00

Background: Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious and frequently fatal disease, particularly affecting unvaccinated juvenile cats. Clinical manifestations typically include leukopenia, diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting, and depression. The disease exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in young animals without prior immunization. Purpose: This report aims to provide clinical insight into the diagnosis and symptomatic management of FPV in domestic cats. Case: An 8-month-old unvaccinated female cat weighing 2.3 kg was presented with signs consistent with panleukopenia. The patient had not received deworming treatment and lived in a semi-outdoor environment with three other cats. Physical examination focused on the oral cavity, nasal passages, eyes, ears, and abdomen. Hematological findings supported suspicion of viral infection. The history revealed that the patient’s littermates had died after exhibiting similar symptoms. Case Management: Therapy focused on symptomatic treatment, including the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics (ceftriaxone) to prevent secondary bacterial infections and reduce the risk of septicemia. Gastric protection was provided using ranitidine to inhibit gastric acid secretion and prevent complications such as ulcers and esophageal erosion. Supportive management also included fluid therapy and antidiarrheal care tailored to the patient's clinical status. Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and appropriate symptomatic management significantly influence the outcome of FPV cases. Preventive strategies, including vaccination and routine deworming, remain essential in reducing the incidence and severity of infection. This case highlights the importance of early intervention and individualized treatment in improving recovery and survival rates in cats affected by panleukopenia.

Effectiveness Therapy to Eliminate Parasite in Cattle at Teaching Factory Polytechnic State of Lampung

2024-11-18T09:30:51+07:00

Background: Gastrointestinal parasitic infections remain a significant global health concern in livestock, involving parasites from the Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda classes. These infections can severely impact animal health and productivity. Purpose: This comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of oral albendazole versus subcutaneous ivermectin in reducing gastrointestinal parasite infestations in cattle maintained at the Teaching Factory of the State Polytechnic of Lampung. Case: Eight cattle exhibited clinical signs including emaciation, dull coat, foul-smelling and dark-colored feces, with body temperatures ranging from 38.2°C to 38.6°C. Appetite and activity levels remained within normal limits. The animals had a recorded history of deworming (July 2023) and foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccination. Case Management: Anthelmintic therapy was administered using either oral albendazole or subcutaneous ivermectin. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal and ectoparasitic infestations can lead to significant economic losses in livestock production. Subcutaneous administration of ivermectin proved to be more effective than oral albendazole in reducing gastrointestinal parasite infestation in cattle.

Management of Chronic Ginggivostomatitis In Local Cats With A History of Recovery From Feline Calici Virus

2025-04-16T07:51:52+07:00

Background: Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a chronic oral inflammatory condition that often affects cats. The cause of this condition is reported to be closely related to the immune system in its pathogenesis and infectious agents such as feline calici virus (FCV) along with bacterial infections. Purpose: To inform how to diagnose, and provides alternative treatment for patients with FCGS problem. Case: A cat presented for examination due to complaints of mouth scratching, such as food debris being stuck and the cat being very sensitive to touch at the mouth. The case cat was diagnosed with feline calici virus and eventually recovered. Before the case cat's recovery from FCV, the cat was very sensitive to touching its mouth. The case cat appeared generally healthy and active, but there was inflammation throughout the gums, also there was a foul odor. The palatoglossal area looked reddish, swollen, and there were ulcerative lesions. Supporting examinations performed were routine blood tests, oral swab cytology, and confirmation of Ag FCV and feline herpes virus (FHV-1) test kits due to suspicion of recurrence and other viral infections. Cytological swab examination showed neutrophils and blue coccus-shaped gram-positive bacteria, while the results of the Ag FCV and FHV test kits showed negative results. Based on all examination, the case animal was diagnosed with feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS). Case Management: The therapy given included the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate acid syrup antibiotics, methylprednisolone as anti-inflammatories, and multivitamin as supportive therapy. Conclusion: Evaluation of the treatment was carried out periodically and on day 21 the lesions found on the palatoglossal and the inflammation had disappeared.