Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology

Severe Vulvar Myiasis Case In A Crossbreed Limousin Cow

Anindya Sekar Putri Utami — 2024-10-31

Background: Myiasis is caused by the infestation of Diptera fly larvae in vertebrate animals. In cases of myiasis, larvae will eat living or dead tissue, thereby expanding the infestation and infection of the host. Myiasis is a significant economic problem due to decreased productivity and tissue damage. Purpose: This study seeks to provide insights regarding managing and treating myiasis cases in cattle. Cases(s): The 4-year-old female Limousin cow was in the gestation period and kept in Buluagung Village, Pesanggaran, Banyuwangi. Based on the owner's statement, the cow experienced a decrease in appetite, and there were wounds in the vulva area accompanied by larvae, which had been present for five days. The clinical findings revealed an open wound that was red in color and soft in consistency, and there was an unpleasant odor in the vulva area. An infestation of Diptera fly larvae accompanied this. After the initial extraction of maggots, necrotic tissue, edema, friable tissue, and erythema were evident in the vulvar region and introitus. Case Management: Treatment carried out on the case cow involved cleaning the wound using 0.9% NaCl and removing both necrotic tissue and any larvae from the vulva wound using tweezers. The cow received an intramuscular injection of an analgesic and antipyretic (Sulprodon®) 7 mL, antihistamine (Prodryl®) 3 mL intramuscular injection, antibiotic (Limoxin-LA®) 10 mL, and multivitamin (Injectamin®) 7 mL. Conclusion: The vulvar myiasis in this cow was successfully cured with no more larvae found, and the wound dried out.

Microbiology Test Results for White Edible Birds Nest with Fecal Contamination

Siti Gusti Ningrum — 2024-10-31

Background: Southeast Asia's edible bird nest industry, particularly in Indonesia, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Indonesia stands as the world's leading exporter of edible bird nests. However, concerns persist regarding the quality of edible bird nests produced in the country, specifically to do with meeting quality standards by ensuring freedom from microbial contaminants that can lead to foodborne illnesses. Purpose: To evaluate the microbiological contamination of cleaned edible bird nests sourced from Java Island, Indonesia. Cases(s): Yellow-brown discoloration of edible bird nests collected from bird houses of Javan origin. Case Management: Fifty samples of raw white edible bird’s nest samples (cup-shaped) with yellow-brown discoloration (n=25) originating from Java Island and raw white edible bird’s nest samples (cup-shaped) (n=25) were collected aseptically from the edible bird’s nest warehouses in Surabaya. These samples of edible nests from Java Island were subjected to microbiological analysis. The findings revealed a disconcerting trend, with 25 samples from Java Island exhibiting contamination by Escherichia coli (40%) and coliform bacteria (100%), surpassing established contamination thresholds. Conclusion: This raises critical concerns about the safety and quality of edible bird nests from the region, highlighting the need for enhanced production and processing practices, as well as rigorous quality control measures to ensure consumer safety and to maintain the industry's reputation on a global scale. Addressing these issues is imperative not only to safeguard public health but also to sustain and further develop the lucrative edible bird nest industry in Indonesia.

Literature Study: Babesiosis in Dogs in The Period of 2013-2023

Aina Dzatun Nithaquin — 2024-10-31

Background: Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by Babesia spp. with tick vectors Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor margniatus (a tick-borne disease). Babesiosis transmission occurs through tick bites or blood transfusions. Diagnostic techniques involve the microscopic examination of blood smears, hematology, blood chemistry, and PCR laboratory analysis. Purpose: To determine the clinical symptoms, confirmation of diagnosis, and therapy used for babesiosis conditions in dogs. Method: Analysis was conducted on 22 literature cases of babesiosis in dogs with a publication period of 2013-2023. The analysis was carried out using the descriptive analysis method, a problem-solving procedure that describes the condition of the subject or object based on facts, characteristics, and any relationships between the phenomena being investigated. Qualitative research methods were used to examine natural object conditions, as a key instrument. Data source sampling was done purposively, the data collection techniques were combined, the data analysis was either inductive or qualitative, and qualitative research results emphasize meaning. Result: Dog patients with babesiosis have the highest prevalence of clinical symptoms, namely anorexia (62.5%), vomiting (33.3%), pyrexia (54.16%) lethargy (45.83%), brownish urination (29.16%), and ectoparasite infestation (29.16%). Confirmation of the diagnosis carried out included the microscopic examination of blood smears (100%), hematology (91.66%), blood chemistry (41.66%), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (20.83%). The therapeutic management used included 3 combinations of antibiotics in 7 cases (31.81%), combination therapy of 2 antibiotics and an antiparasitic in 3 cases (13.63%), and combination therapy of 1 antibiotic and antiparasitic in 3 cases (13.63%). Conclusion: Antiparasitic therapy that can be used is imidocarb dipropionate, which works by inhibiting inositol in the erythrocytes infected with Babesia spp. and diminazene aceturate, which works by disrupting parasite DNA synthesis.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Endoparasites in Free-Range Chicken at Traditional Market Payakumbuh

Yusra Ilahi — 2024-10-31

Background: Worm infections in free-range chickens are an important health issue in the animal food industry and consumption in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of worms in the intestines of free-range chickens sold in traditional markets in Payakumbuh City, and to identify their types. Method: Worm identification was carried out using samples of chicken intestines from traditional markets in Payakumbuh City. The samples were taken to the laboratory to be dissected to check for the presence of worms in the intestines. Intestines that were positive for worms were placed in a petri dish containing distilled water before being placed in a plastic bottle containing 70% ethanol. The method used for staining was Acetocarmine Semichon for cestodes and clove oil for nematodes. Worm species was determined by observation under a microscope. Data in the form of the types of worms found was analyzed descriptively. Data obtained quantitatively, namely the prevalence of endoparasites, was processed using Ms. Excel 2013. Results: The results showed that 31 out of 50 samples of free-range chicken intestines (Gallus domesticus) examined in traditional markets in Payakumbuh City were positive for worm infections. The prevalence of worm infections in traditional markets in Payakumbuh City was found to be 62%. The prevalence based on the type of endoparasite in traditional markets in Payakumbuh City was Railletina sp. (28%), Hymenolepis sp. (6%), Ascaridia sp. (14%), and Hetarakis sp. (14%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of worm infections in free-range chickens in traditional markets in Payakumbuh City was 62%. The types of worms found were Railletina sp., Ascaridia sp., Hetarakis sp., and Hymenolepis sp. The most common type of worm was Railletina sp.

Dairy Milk Quality After Foot and Mouth Disease in Ternak Sukses Bersama, Kediri Regency

Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti — 2024-10-31

Background: Milk, a nutrient-rich substance obtained from udder secretions, can suffer quality degradation due to factors like disease-causing microorganisms. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), an acute viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals, can severely impact milk production and quality. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the quality of milk from dairy cattle following the FMD outbreak, as FMD not only reduces milk yield but also alters its composition, affecting consumer preferences and farmer income. Method: Milk quality tests were conducted on cattle following the FMD outbreak with each 50 ml sample stored in an icebox and analyzed using a calibrated Lactoscan tool. The analysis covered fat, solid-non-fat (SNF), density, lactose, salts, protein, temperature, freezing point, added water, total solids, and pH levels. The study received consent from local authorities and breeders. Results: The analysis of cow milk post Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak reveals significant variability in milk composition, affecting quality and processing, with many falling below or above standard thresholds for fat content, SNFs, protein content, freezing point, and added water, while all samples had a pH level outside the acceptable range. Conclusion: Quality of dairy milk from dairy cattle after FMD outbreaks show decreasing of fat content in five milk samples, four samples in solid non fat, three samples in protein, nine samples in freezing point, eight samples in added water, and all samples fell outside the acceptable pH range.

Quail Carcass Performance Using Additional Feed Combination Of Noni Leaf Flour And Black Cumin Flour

Khaeriyah Nur — 2024-10-31

Background: Digestive disorders can attack quail and will have an impact on reducing their productivity, such as live weight, abdominal fat weight, and decreased carcass performance. Purpose: Providing additional feed from herbal plants in the form of noni flour and black cumin flour can overcome digestive system problems because they contain active substances that are useful as feed supplements, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and others for the livestock's body. Method: The research design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications, each replication consisting of 6 quail. Feed treatments were P0: commercial feed (control), P1 = commercial feed + 1% black cumin flour + 3% noni leaf meal, P2 = commercial feed + 2% black cumin flour + 2% noni leaf meal, P3 = commercial feed + black cumin flour 3% + noni leaf flour 1%. The data was then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results showed that the treatment given had a significant effect on the percentage of quail carcass weight. The P3 treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments, whereas the P2 treatment was the lowest compared to the other treatments, while the P0 and P1 treatments were not significantly different. Other parameters did not have a significant effect on the percentage of quail abdominal fat, pH, percentage of water holding capacity, and percentage of cooking loss of quail meat. Conclusion: In conclusion, the treatment had a significant effect on the percentage of quail carcass weight, while it had no significant effect on the percentage of quail abdominal fat, pH, percentage of water holding capacity, and percentage of cooking loss of quail meat.

Monitoring of Animal Products Entering East Kalimantan with Total Plate Count Test

Faizal Rafiq — 2024-10-31

Background: Quarantine measures on animal products that are transported between areas are prioritised at the place of export. It is necessary to establish a supervisory system through monitoring the entry of animal products. Purpose: Monitoring of animal products as food is carried out as an evaluation and consideration for further quarantine measures as well as for monitoring food safety aspects. Method: The test conducted on the samples taken was the Total Plate Count (TPC) test. A total of 32 chicken meat samples, 31 meat samples (1 lamb and chevon sample, 10 buffen samples, 29 beef samples), 23 chicken sausage samples, and 18 beef sausage samples. Results: A total of 21 samples (91.60%) of chicken sausage TPC test results in comply with SNI and 2 samples (8.70%) TPC test results do not comply with SNI. Fifteen samples (83.33%) of beef sausage TPC test results in comply with SNI and 3 samples (16.67%) TPC test results do not comply with SNI. A total of 32 chicken meat samples, 1 lamb and chevon sample, 10 buffen meat samples, 29 beef samples the TPC test results were 100% in compliance with SNI 7388:2009. Conclusion: This can be caused by sanitation and hygiene of handling and storage, temperature on the conveyance when being transported and storage temperature, product packaging. There was a break when the unloading officer took a break. This condition causes the commodity to stay too long in the open container and the temperature becomes less stable. This is thought to be due to handling during distribution, instability of storage temperatures and the perishable nature of processed meat products.

Evaluation of Feed Additive Nutmeg Seed Powder (Myristica fragnans Houtt) on Egg Quality Characteristics and Egg Production

Rinny Leke — 2024-10-31

Background: Poultry production faces food safety issues. Increasing public awareness of the risk of developing pathogen cross-resistance to antibiotics has resulted in the gradual elimination of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes. Transitioning from antibiotic supplementation to adoption of effective alternative control methods. Prohibition of the use of antibiotics in the feed of laying hens increase the usage of natural antibiotics from plants. The addition of feed additive nutmeg seed powder as helps the body to fight stress with anti-oxidative properties, improves immune function and restores normal physiology. The addition of polyphenols, withanolides, vitamins, minerals and other herbal products in the feed has shown considerable improvement in health in poultry. Purpose: This study aims to study the evaluation of feed additive nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) seed powder on egg quality characteristics and egg production. Method: A number of 200 chickens were used with 5 treatments and 5 replications and each repetition was occupied by 8 laying hens. The treatment given was R0 = 100% Basal Feed/BF (without nutmeg flour), R1 = 0.5% Nutmeg Seed Powder (NSP) + 99.5% BF, R2 = 1% NSP + 99% BF, R3= 1.5% NSP+ 98.5% BF, R4 = 2% NSP+ 98% BF. Results: The results of the study were egg weight, Haugh Unit, egg mass, shell index, egg shell thickness, yolk index, yolk color, egg yolk protein, egg white protein, egg yellow fat, cholesterol which gave very significantly different results (p<0.01). Feed Consumption (g/bird), HDP (%), Conversion (p>0,05). Conclusion: The feeding up to 2% of nutmeg seed powder given to laying hens can improve the egg quality characteristics and egg production.

Nephroprotective Effect of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) Against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Renal Toxicity in Mice (Mus musculus)

Anggreani Desi Ramadhani Rahajeng — 2024-10-31

Background: The toxicological impacts of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a commonly used food additive, present a significant public health concern. Excessive MSG consumption will increase radical oxidative species, inducing a stress oxidative condition that ultimately results in kidney damage. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the nephroprotective effects of ethanol extracts from Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) against MSG-induced renal toxicity in mice (Mus musculus). Method: Twenty-five 11 week-old male mice, weighing approximately 20 g each, were divided into five research groups. Group C- received only CMC-Na 0.5%, Group C+ received 4000 mg/kg BW MSG, while Groups T1, T2, and T3 were administered 4000 mg/kg BW MSG along with Dayak onion extract at doses of 30 mg/kg BW, 60 mg/kg BW, and 120 mg/kg BW respectively. All treatments were carried out orally for 52 days. The mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and their kidneys were extracted for the examination of any histopathological changes. The data underwent analysis utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results as indicated by the histopathological evaluation of the mice’s kidneys revealed significant improvements in the histo-architecture of the kidneys. Supplementation of Dayak onion extract in mice induced with MSG decreased the degeneration and necrosis of the tubule epithelium, and it also repaired the glomerular necrosis. Conclusion: Oral administration of Dayak onion extract to mice exposed to monosodium glutamate demonstrated a notable reduction in kidney damage and helped maintain renal health significantly.

The Quality of Milk Production in Friesian Holstein (FH) Dairy Cattle Experiencing Repeat Breeding at KUD Tani Wilis Sendang, Tulungagung Regency

Sintya Kumalasari Wibowo — 2024-10-31

Background: Repeat breeding is a notable reproductive problem where cows do not conceive after several insemination attempts, and it is typically defined as three or more unsuccessful attempts. This results in reduced reproductive efficiency, lower economic sustainability of the dairy farm, and decreased milk quality in dairy cattle. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in milk quality in Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows subjected to repeat breeding at KUD Tani Wilis Sendang, Tulungagung Regency, focusing on the milk’s density, as well as fat, Total Solid (TS), and Solid Non-Fat (SNF) content. Method: Thirty-two milk samples were collected, including 10 from normal cows for comparison. The samples were analyzed using a Lactoscan to examine the density, fat content, total solid (TS), and solid non-fat (SNF) of milk. The data was subjected to Independent T-Test analysis. Results: The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between repeat breeding and normal cow milk samples in terms of specific gravity, fat content, and Total Solids (TS), but not in Solid Non-Fat (SNF). Repeat breeding cow milk exhibited a higher specific gravity (1.0282 vs. 1.0260) but lower fat content (1.08% vs. 4.18%) and Total Solids (9.38% vs. 12.73%) compared to normal cow milk. However, there was no significant difference for Solid Non-Fat (8.36% for repeat breeding vs. 8.55% for normal cows). Conclusion: Repeat breeding cow milk showed increased specific gravity but decreased fat content and Total Solids compared to normal cow milk, while Solid Non-Fat remained relatively consistent.

Reproductive Performances of SIMGOUD Crossbreed Cows and The Effect of Concentrate Feed Supplementation on The Production and Chemical Composition of Milk

Mama Mouchili — 2024-10-31

Background: The performance of milk production remains very weak. This low performance is mainly explained by the low genetic potential of local breeds (1 to 3 litre of milk/day or even less in the dry season compared to 40 to 50 l/day for Holstein cows in Europe). Purpose: The present study on the evaluation of the reproductive performance of Simgoud crossbreed cows and the effect of feeding on the production and chemical composition of milk was conducted at the SODEPA ranch of Faro in Adamaoua Cameroon between July and August 2023. Method: The Simgoud cow is a cross between the exotic Simmental and the local Goudali breeds. The animals were divided into two batches of six cows and six calves per batch, of comparable physiological condition. Results: The age at first calving was 39 months, and the crossbreeding allowed the farmer to decrease the age at first calving of the Goudali by 24%. The observed calving interval was 18 months with a variation rate of 16.20%. The total amount of milk produced in 90 days by the cows that received a feed supplement (concentrate) was estimated at 810 liters for an average daily production of 9.66 liters, compared to 666 liters over the same lactation period in the cows that did not receive a supplement, an average of 7.46 liters per day. Supplementation had a significant effect on milk production. The analysis of the chemical composition of the milk shows that apart from the pH, the supplementation of Simgoud cows with concentrate had a significant effect, improving the content of all other parameters studied. Conclusion: Supplementation is recommended for the improvement of the milk production parameters in Simgoud cows.

Prevalence of Camel Mange and Associated Risk Factors in The Banadir Region, Somalia

Moktar Omar Sheikh Mohamed — 2024-10-31

Background: Camel mange, a highly infectious and itchy condition brought on by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli, can be spread through direct and indirect contact. It is one of the most significant parasitic diseases affecting camels, severely impacting their productivity and health, with substantial economic consequences. Purpose: Assessing the prevalence of camel mange mites and identifying potential risk factors. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out between June 2023 and February 2024 in the Benadir region of Somalia. A total of 384 camels were randomly selected for skin scrapings, with samples from suspected lesions being microscopically examined. Results: Of these, 82 camels (21%) were infested with mange mites, with Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli identified as the only mite species. The research uncovered that the condition of the body, the size of the herd, and age substantially influenced the prevalence of mange mites (p<0.05), while district, sex, and age had no significant effect on infestation rate (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that mange mite infestations in the camel populations in the Benadir region negatively affect their health and productivity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve management practices and conduct further research and control measures to mitigate the effects of mange mite infestations on camel husbandry.

Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, in Rodents and Shrews with Their Associated Risk Factors

Marie Chantal Uwanyirigira — 2024-10-31

Background: Rodents are known to be a source of foodborne diseases; however, few researchers have examined rodent faeces. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of foodborne Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the risk factors associated with rodents and shrews in five wards from Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Method: A total of 148 rodents and shrews were captured from domestic, peri-domestic, and marketplace settings. This study isolated bacteria from faeces samples collected from rodents and shrews using a culture test, and identified them using biochemical tests. Molecular tests were used to screen out bacteria-targeted genes. Questionnaires were also used to assess the risk factors of foodborne Salmonella spp. and E. coli associated with house rodents and shrews. Results: Salmonella enterica was detected in 3/148 (2%), and E. coli was found in 54/148 (36.5%) of the samples. Regarding habitat, a high prevalence of E. coli was observed in open markets, at 16.9%, while Salmonella enterica was high inside households, at 1.3%. The results show that 83% of respondents found rodents feces in uncooked or cooked food, 30.4% found rodents feces in the water storage, 93.2% found food eaten by a rodent, and 66.9% of households used food contaminated with feces or eaten by rats. Conclusion: The study shows that rodents and shrews carry foodborne pathogens like Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania, posing serious public health risks. The rodents had high rates of E. coli and low Salmonella enterica, with risk factors linked to food and water contamination.

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Rodents, Shrews and Cats in Unguja Island, Zanzibar

Cynthia M. Paul — 2024-10-31

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a zoonotic infection known as toxoplasmosis. Felid vertebrates including cats serve as the definitive hosts of T. gondii and rodents and shrews are among the common intermediate and reservoir hosts. Little is known about the infection in both humans and animals despite the high interaction between humans and cats on the island. Purpose: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of T. gondii infection in rodents, shrews and cats in Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 366 small mammals (230 rodents, 43 shrews and 93 cats) were captured and blood was sampled from the seven districts of Unguja Island. Serum samples were subjected to the Indirect ELISA technique with the aid of the ID Screen® Toxoplasmosis Indirect Multi-species Kit to look for antibodies directed against T. gondii. Results: Seropositive samples were detected from one rodent species (Rattus rattus) and one shrew species (Crocidura spp.) among the six different rodent and shrew species captured. Fifty-one seropositive samples from cats were detected where eight were from pet cats and 43 from stray cats. In rodents, no significant variation was found according to species, sex and habitat (p≥0.05) but in cats, there was a significant variation between habitats (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed the exposure status of rodents, shrews and both stray and pet cats in Unguja Island, thereby revealing the potential risk of the infection transmission to humans due to close proximity with these animals, especially cats as pets. Emphasis should be made through public health education programs about the transmission of the infection and the control measures needed to mitigate the risks.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fungal Contamination on the Eggshells of Lepidochelys olivacea L. Collected from Coastal Waters

Ni Made Wagi Ambakesari — 2024-10-31

Background: One of the causes of the decline in the Olive ridley turtle population is the low egg hatching rate due to contamination by pathogenic fungi. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the results of the isolation and molecular identification of fungal contamination on the eggshells of olive ridley turtles that failed to hatch from three coastal waters in Bali province. Method: Sampling was done using the purposive sampling technique. Samples of failed hatching eggshells from the coast were collected, as many as 2 eggs/semi-natural nest at TCEC. Samples were cultured on PDA media. Macroscopic and molecular identification methods were carried out to determine the species level of fungal isolates. Results: The results showed that 10 fungal isolates were successfully collected. Isolates KL1 and SG1 had white colony surface characteristics, isolates KL4, SY2 and SY3 showed black colonies, and isolates KL2, KL3, SG2, SG3, SY4 had green colonies. Three similar isolates were sent for further molecular identification. The BLASTn results of the nucleotide sequences of isolates SY2 and SG3 showed a similarity to Aspergillus niger strain PHY105 (91%), while fungal isolate KL1 had a similarity to Fusarium solani strain 87, by 98%. Conclusion: This study provides new information about the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium solani strain 87 and Aspergillus niger strain PHY105, which are suspected to be the cause of the hatching failure of olive ridley turtle eggs.