Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN INFECTED WITH MALARIA

2024-09-30T11:34:48+07:00

Background: Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa infection of the genus Plasmodium transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitos. Malaria infection in pregnancy is detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. Several efforts to prevent and eradicate malaria have been implemented, but many pregnant women are still infected with malaria. Purpose: To know the risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Methods: This study used the literature review method by searching for articles analyzing risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Articles were searched from two databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are "Pregnant Women" AND "Infected Malaria". The inclusion criteria (IC) in the article search were publication year: articles published in the last 5 years from 2018-2023 with the subject of pregnant women infected with malaria; the paper should be full text, with a Cross-sectional and case-control study. Results: This study involves 10 articles discussing the analysis of risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Some studies revealed that the host, agent, and environment highly determine the spread of malaria. The spread of malaria occurs when those three components support each other. Risk factors for malaria are pregnant women's residence, wire netting installation on ventilation, and use of mosquito nets and repellent. Conclusion: Based on the reviewed articles, it can be concluded that pregnant women who do not use mosquito nets and whose residences are close to standing water and bushes have a greater risk of getting malaria.

FAMILY HISTORY, KNOWLEDGE, AND RESTING PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION: CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2025-01-09T10:50:00+07:00

Background: Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately 75% of global mortality. Hypertension, a significant contributor to NCD-related deaths, affects an estimated 1.28 billion adults globally and is often referred to as "The Silent Killer." The increasing prevalence of NCDs, including hypertension, poses significant challenges to the global health system. In Ponorogo Regency, hypertension cases surged from 41,841 in 2021 to 126,668 cases in 2023. Analyzing the risk factors of hypertension is essential to mitigate its health impact on the community. Purpose: To analyze the risk factors of hypertension cases in the Plosojenar Village, Ponorogo Regency community. Methods: This quantitative study employed a case-control design with 154 participants. The case group comprised 77 individuals with hypertension, and the control group included 77 non-hypertensive individuals, selected through random sampling at a 1:1 ratio. Data were collected from January to April 2024 using questionnaires. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Chi-square and Fisher’s tests. Results: This study found a significant association between family history OR 13.67 (95%CI = 5.63 - 39.17); p = 0.00, level of knowledge OR 26.25 (95%CI = 3.96 - 1.11); p = 0.05, and rest habits OR 0.18 (95%CI = 0.03 - 0.70); p = 0.08 to hypertension cases. This study also showed no significant relationship between attitude OR 0.88 (95%CI = 0.32 - 2.37); p = 1 with hypertension cases. Conclusion: Family history, knowledge level, and rest habits are significantly associated with hypertension. Targeted interventions addressing these factors may help reduce hypertension cases.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL WORKLOAD AMONG HOUSEWIVES

2025-01-08T15:31:14+07:00

Background: The role of housewives, particularly those with toddlers, is physically and mentally demanding, often leading to high stress levels and workload. Purpose: This study examined the relationship between physical activity and mental workload among homemakers. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing the IPAQ-SF and RSME questionnaires to assess physical activity and mental workload. The study included 46 participants, most of whom were young mothers with one child and had a high school education. Results: The mothers had a high level of physical activity (16,479.85 ± 16,983.35 MET-min/week) and experienced a considerably quite large workload (mean score: 72.90). However, there was no significant relationship between physical activity and mental workload (β = 0.28, p > 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the physical and mental demands on homemakers are substantial, yet these factors may not directly influence their life satisfaction, highlighting the need for further research into the contributors to their well-being.

DETERMINANT FACTORS FOR CENTRAL LINE-ASSOCIATED BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS (CLABSI) IN NEONATES

2024-09-12T15:01:42+07:00

Background: CLABSI accounts for 70% of all hospitalized bloodstream infections, especially in premature infants. CLABSI in neonates can compromise the immune system and future quality of life. Purpose: This study aims to identify determinant factors associated with CLABSI in neonates. Methods: This research was a scoping review study of three international databases namely Science Direct, PubMed, and ProQuest from January 2021-April 2024. Keyword selection refers to PCC (Populations, Concepts, Categories), with the keywords used "factor" AND "associated" AND "CLABSI" AND ("neonate" OR "newborn") AND "hospital." The selection process is depicted with PRISMA-ScR. Results: A total of 14 articles met the criteria and objectives of the study. The articles obtained represented all continents, which were conducted in the Americas (29%), Europe (29%), Asia (29%), and Africa (13%). Risk factors for CLABSI in neonates are grouped into two, namely intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Prevention of CLABSI in neonates can be done by modifying extrinsic factors, namely with proper aseptic technique, supervision, and management strategies. Conclusion: The determinant factors of CLABSI in neonates include intrinsic factors (gestational age of <27 weeks or preterm, comorbidities, being born by cesarean section, low birth weight, being previously treated with antibiotics, and having underlying surgical conditions) and extrinsic factors (the type of catheter, the amount of catheter lumen, long duration of insertion, insertion location at the femoral and internal-jugular access site, parenteral nutrition, and large microbial colonization at the insertion site).

FACTORS RELATED TO COMPLIANCE WITH DIET MANAGEMENT AMONG TYPE 2 DM OUTPATIENTS IN ROYAL PRIMA HOSPITAL

2024-09-11T16:26:36+07:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is increasing annually, with a 6.7% death rate. This is due to patients not following the recommended diet, with Type 2 DM patients having minimal dietary compliance... Purpose: This study aims to find out the relationship between age, gender, education, knowledge, employment status, family role, and the support of health officials to comply with the diet of outpatients type 2 DM in Royal Prima Medan Hospital. Methods: This research method uses cross-sectional methods of conducting interviews, observations, and questionnaire filling. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS application with the α=5% Chi-Square test and the samples used in this study were patients with outpatients type 2 DM at RSU. Royal Prima Medan Hospital with a total of 64 patients in 2024. Results: The result, it was found that there was a significant relationship between age (OR:0.03, CI 95%: 1.67-15.17), gender (OR:0.01, CI 95%:1.28-10.14), knowledge (OR:0.02, CI 95%:0.10-0.89), family role (OR:0.05, CI 95%:0.06-0.64), and health support (OR:0.01, CI 95%:0.05-0.49) for compliance with the outpatients type 2 DM diet management. But there is no significant relationship between education (OR:0.63, CI 95%:0.29-2.11) and job status (OR:0.79, CI 95%:0.42-3.05) for conformity to the type 2 DM diet. Conclusion: This study found that the variable age was the most dominant risk factor for diet management type 2 DM with an OR of 18.935 with p-value (0.04).

RISK FACTORS FOR PNEUMONIA IN ELDERLY INDONESIAN HAJJ PILGRIMS (DATA ANALYSIS OF SISKOHATKES 2023)

2024-10-14T10:18:36+07:00

Background: Pneumonia is the most common health problem encountered during the Hajj pilgrimage and has been recognized globally as a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization and death. During the 2023 Hajj season, pneumonia is known to be among the top five diseases that cause hospitalization of elderly Indonesian Hajj pilgrims. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the risk factors for pneumonia in elderly Indonesian Hajj pilgrims. Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional study design with secondary data from the Integrated Hajj Computerized System for Health Sector (Siskohatkes) 2023. The population in this study was all elderly Hajj pilgrims recorded at Siskohatkes 2023 totaling 93,000 pilgrims. The sample used was 1,858 Hajj pilgrims aged ≥ 60 and hospitalized in Saudi Arabia. The data are analyzed at the multivariate level using the Cox Regression. Results: The study showed that the prevalence of pneumonia in elderly Indonesian Hajj pilgrims was 37.10% and the factor most significantly associated with the incidence of pneumonia was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbid (p-value <0.01; Adjusted PR= 1.43; 95%CI= 1.19–1.70). Conclusion: Comorbid COPD can increase the risk of elderly Hajj pilgrims being infected with pneumonia.

DIFFERENCES INDICATORS IN CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND LABORATORY FOR SUSPECT DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN KEBUMEN DISTRICT 2023

2024-11-21T14:07:37+07:00

Background: The study in Asian and American-based surveillance data between Oct 18, 2011, and Aug 4, 2016 required 7428 patients with an estimated 2694 (36%) diagnosed laboratory-confirmed dengue, 2495 (34%) non-dengue and 2237 (30%) not inclusion criteria. The clinical signs and suspected dengue symptom address a few other diseases, thus laboratory confirmatory is best solution for diagnosis of dengue. Purpose: To determine the difference between clinical epidemiological and laboratory diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Kebumen District. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional with 395 samples of suspected dengue disease during the 2023 period, such as DHF and DD in Kebumen District area health services. The DHF diagnostic was confirmed with positive laboratory test and studied to see differences of the clinical epidemiology and laboratory data. The data collection was carried out by reviewing medical documents from health centers and hospitals. Data were analyzed with chi square test and independent t test. Results: Clinical indicators proportion was higher for fever, 95.40% and much lower for bleeding 13.20%. The dominant contribution significant for clinical epidemiology indicator of DHF is muscle pain compared to bleeding and rash. The laboratory indicator for platelet is low, hemoglobin normal and hematocrit normal. The variable contributing significantly for DHF is platelet (β = 0.19) and comparison of hemoglobin (β = -0.09) and hematocrit (β = -0.06). Conclusion: Clinical indicators of DHF are higher for fever (95.40%), with muscle pain being the dominant factor. Laboratory indicators include low platelet count and normal hemoglobin and hematocrit.

A FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) IN STUDENTS

2024-10-24T12:44:19+07:00

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) cannot be left without action because it can cause severe stomach irritation in the long term, leading to stomach ulcers and infection. Purpose: This study aims to analyze factors related to the incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in students. Methods: This type of research in analytical survey research. The design of this research is case control. The population in this study were students of Universitas Prima Indonesia, class of 2021, in the public health study program and the information systems study program, totaling 1,473 students. The sample in this stufy was a portion of the student population which was divided into case and control groups. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test to determine the description and relationship of risk factors with the incidence of GERD. Results: The result showed that the eating habits variable (p = 0,000; OR = 19,12; 95% CI = 6,376-57,369), coffee consumption variable (p = 0,001; OR = 4,93; 95% CI = 1,986-12,262), stress level variable (p = 0,001; OR = 4,52; 95% CI = 1,952-10,508), and body mass index variable (p = 0,000; OR = 5,63; 95% CI = 2,362-13,420) has a significant relationship with the incidence of GERD in students. Conclusion: reducing the consumption of ready-to-eat food and reducing the lifestyle of modern society which consumes excessive coffee and doing positive things to maintain stress levels are very important things to increase public awareness in order to minimize the risk of GERD.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SANITATION PERCEPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION (RTI) IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

2024-12-06T15:51:40+07:00

Background: The incidence of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in Class IIA Correctional Institution (Lapas) Kendal is notably high. RTI consistently ranks as the most common illness occurring each month, accounting for over 50% of all diseases within the facility. Previous research has indicated that one of the contributing factors to RTI is poor sanitation conditions within the correctional institution. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between sanitation perceptions and the incidence of RTI in Class IIA Correctional Institution Kendal. Methods: This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional research design with a sample of 294 inmates from the Class IIA Correctional Institution Kendal. The sample was selected using total sampling, involving all inmates in the facility. A Chi-Square test was applied for bivariate analysis. Results: The variable of sanitation perception showed a significant relationship with the incidence of RTI in Class IIA Correctional Institution Kendal. The p-value for the Pearson Chi-Square test was 0.00. Sanitation perception factors included building indicators (p=0.02), room indicators (p=0.54), drinking water indicators (p=0.06), and waste indicators (p=0.00). Conclusion: Sanitation perception factors, such as building indicators and waste indicators, are associated with the incidence of RTI in Class IIA Correctional Institution Kendal. Meanwhile, room indicators and drinking water indicators were not related to the incidence of RTI. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, it is necessary to implement the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) concept within the correctional institution to minimize the transmission of RTI.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TUBERCULOSIS-DIABETES MELLITUS COMORBIDITY

2024-12-05T15:06:15+07:00

Background: The double burden disease refers to the increase of communicable and non-communicable disease, such as comorbidity tuberculosis (TB) with diabetes mellitus (DM). If not treated properly and managed, tuberculosis can lead to comorbidity with diabetes mellitus. Purpose: This research aims to determine factors associated with tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus comorbidity. Methods: Research design used case-control study, sample cases are TB patients with DM as many as 15 people, while sample control is TB patient without DM as many as 30 people. Independent variables include age, education, occupation, TB severity, body mass index, and quality of life, while the dependent variable is comorbidity TB-DM. The instrument used the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Data analysis was performed utilizing the Chi-Square test and Independent T-test. Results: This study’s findings indicated that the variable age (p= 0.011; OR= 6; 95% CI= 1.39-25.85), education (p=0.03; OR= 4.12; 95% CI= 1.06-16.03), TB severity (p= 0.02; OR= 4.57; 95% CI= 1.18-17.67), and quality of life domains were significantly related to TB-DM with comorbidity: physical (p=0.00; OR=42.25; 95%CI=6.82-261.61), psychological (p=0.03; OR=4; 95% CI=1.07-14.89) and environmental domain (p=0.01; OR=10.54; 95% CI=1.06-105.03). Conclusion: Factors influencing comorbidity between TB-DM include age, education level, TB severity and quality of life. Enhancing immunity in TB patients is essential to reduce the severity of TB and comorbidity of TB-DM, with recommendations for support from family, parents, children, and friends to improve the quality of life for those with TB-DM.

RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN LABUHANBATU REGENCY: A CROSS−SECTIONAL STUDY

2024-12-06T09:16:36+07:00

Background: Pregnant women with hypertension face elevated risks of complications, including preeclampsia and maternal mortality. Despite the increasing prevalence of gestational hypertension and its associated burdens, limited research—particularly at the local level—hinders effective prevention and management strategies. Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with hypertension in pregnant women in Labuhan Batu Regency. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 80 pregnant women from Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Data on obesity, age, physical activity, and secondhand smoke exposure were collected through measurements and questionnaires. Obesity was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), while other variables were determined through interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively, and Fisher’s exact test was employed to compare risk factors between hypertensive and non-hypertensive pregnant women. Results: Obesity (p=0.29) and age (p=0.84) were not significantly associated with hypertension. However, pregnant women with light physical activity had a lower risk of hypertension compared to those with heavy physical activity (p=0.02). There was no significant association between exposure to cigarette smoke and hypertension (p=0.20). Conclusion: The findings suggest that light physical activity might be protective against hypertension during pregnancy among homemakers in Labuhanbatu regency.

IDENTIFYING RISK FACTORS FOR THE SPREAD OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN LAMPUNG IN 2023: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2024-12-04T15:20:59+07:00

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a growing health concern in Lampung, where the low rate of DR-TB case detection and high treatment failure rates emphasize the necessity of identifying risk factors to strengthen control measures for DR-TB. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the dominant risk factors for the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients in Lampung Province in 2023. Methods: Using a case-control study design, the research utilized secondary data from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) Lampung Province. A total sampling method was employed, with 126 respondents in the case group and a 1:1 ratio, making the total sample size 252 respondents. Data matching was done for gender and age variables. Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression tests. Results: Univariate analysis showed that 57.90% of respondents were male, 57.90% were in the at-risk age group, 58.30% were employed, 81.30% did not have diabetes (DM) comorbidity, 97,20% did not have HIV comorbidity, 67,50% had no prior TB treatment history. Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations with occupation (p-value 0.04), DM comorbidity (p-value 0.02), and treatment history (p-value 0.00). Gender, age, and HIV comorbidity showed no significant associations. The multivariate analysis showed a significant effect of the TB treatment history variable (p-value 0.00, OR=9.04) and the HIV comorbidity variable (p-value 0.03, OR= 0.08). Conclusion: TB treatment history is the dominant factor that can affect the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lampung Province in 2023. Future researchers are encouraged to focus on studying the types of treatment failures.