Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi

PRIMARY FAMILY CAREGIVER PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS OF STROKE SURVIVORS AT RSUD DR. H. SLAMET MARTODIRJDJO PAMEKASAN

Itsnatur Rizkiyah Apriliyanti — 2024-05-30

Background: Primary Family Caregiver (PFC) has a vital role in providing care for stroke survivors and meeting their needs during a long-term recovery period. However, the PFC of stroke survivors experienced stress from a low level to a very high level. Purpose: Research to analyze the PFC psychological stress of stroke survivors has been conducted in Pamekasan. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative, analytic survey, and cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were 103 PFC ischemic stroke survivors who were outpatients at RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire has been used to measure PFC stress levels. Results: Spearman-Rho analysis between education and stress level showed a correlation coefficient 0.22 with p = 0.02 (p <0.05). This result means that there is a positive relationship between the two variables. However, age, gender, occupation, income, and kinship relationships did not have a significant relationship with the PFC psychological stress of stroke survivors. Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between education and stress levels. Health workers can form the PFC communities to help increase knowledge, skills, and coping strategies.

OBSTACLE OF COVID-19 DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE AT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS: EXPLORATORY STUDY IN WEST JAVA

Cecep Heriana — 2024-05-30

Background: The quality of COVID-19 data from surveillance information systems is still an issue in low-middle-income countries (LMIC), including Indonesia, which uses various applications that have the potential to affect surveillance performance. Purpose: To explore the procedures and obstacles to using various digital surveillance applications at Public Health Centers (PHCs) in Indonesia. Methods: Qualitative research with exploratory studies was used. The setting was in the PHC in Kuningan, Majalengka, and Indramayu, City of Cirebon, Indonesia, with surveillance officer participants and contact tracer data manager, as many as 8. Data was collected by interviewing and using snowball sampling techniques between May 12 and 20, 2022. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The initial data collection procedure involves obtaining data from various health facilities. Data recording was with SILACAK and the New All-Recorded application. Data analysis with descriptive epidemiology was reported to the head. Data quality was achieved with monitoring. Obstacles in data collection were rejection, community paradigm, and fear. The obstacles of the application are maintenance, not immediately updating that day, not entering at that time, sometimes it does not run smoothly, there are no tools for visualization, and data distribution per place not yet available. Conclusion: In COVID-19 surveillance procedures, from initial data collection, data recording, data analysis, data reporting, and data quality assurance, there are obstacles to data collection in the community and to applications used for surveillance. The District Health Office must compile new procedures that include data management stages, epidemiological data analysis, and visualization.

CORRELATION BETWEEN COFFEE CONSUMPTION AND SLEEP QUALITY WITH PREHYPERTENSION IN FINAL YEAR UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA STUDENTS

Diela Ratna Nur Fitrya — 2024-05-30

Background: The number of prehypertension patients will always be higher than hypertension patients; this is supported by the prevalence of prehypertension being 48.40% according to JNC 7, and hypertension being 34.10% according to Basic Health Research in 2018. Coffee consumption and sleep quality were risk factors that are closely related to the lifestyle of students, this is also reinforced by the number of 24-hour coffee outlets that are open around Universitas Airlangga. Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality on the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design and uses the Chi-square test. The samples consisted of 146 people, which were taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. This study involved coffee consumption and sleep quality as independent variables and the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students as the dependent variable. Results: There is a correlation between coffee consumption (p=0.00) and sleep quality (p=0.01) with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Coffee consumption has a 2,47 times greater risk and sleep quality has a 2,09 times greater risk of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Conclusion: Poor coffee consumption and sleep quality are related with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students.

OVERVIEW OF VACCINATION STATUS AND COMORBIDITIES IN DEATHS DUE TO COVID-19 OMICRON VARIANT IN RIAU PROVINCE, 2022

Rajunitrigo Rajunitrigo — 2024-05-30

Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing problems in public health. One of the prevention efforts is vaccination. Omicron, the new variant of COVID-19, is a variant that is spreading rapidly in Indonesia, including in Riau Province. Purpose: This study aims to describe the determinants of vaccination status in deaths of Omicron variant COVID-19 patients in Riau Province from February to April 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional research was conducted using secondary data. A total of 158 patients who died with confirmed COVID-19 and the Omicron variant via S-Gene Target Failure (SGTF) and sequencing test, and were treated at a referral hospital in Riau Province within two months (8 February – 4 April 2022) were included in the study. The distribution of patient deaths was analyzed univariately and bivariately. Results: Most of the death cases were unvaccinated (67.09%). As many as 48.73% of the 158 deaths were elderly â‰¥61 years, and the majority (70.13%) of cases were unvaccinated. It was found that 64.56% of the 158 patient deaths occurred in mainland Riau, and the majority (67.65%) were unvaccinated. Diabetes mellitus (35.86%) and cardiovascular disease (28.97%) were the highest comorbidities. Conclusion: In preventing deaths due to COVID-19, it is necessary to accelerate and increase vaccination coverage, especially for children and the elderly in land and coastal areas. Vaccination can optimize protection against COVID-19. Apart from that, efforts are needed to prevent the severity of comorbidities.

SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES, WATER, SANITATION, HYGIENE AND DIARRHEAL DISEASE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN INDONESIA

Erni Astutik — 2024-05-30

Background: Diarrheal diseases are still a serious digestive tract infection in Indonesia. The geographical areas with lower socioeconomic inequalities and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) contribute to incline diarrheal disease among children under 5 years old. Purpose: This study aimed to map the distribution of diarrheal diseases among children under 5 years old and identify areas with higher risk in socioeconomic status and WASH. Methods: This study used secondary spatial data repository from Indonesia Demographic Health Survey 2017. This study used ecological approach to provide visual geographic distribution of diarrheal diseases among children under 5 years old, as well as to identify the risk based on the socioeconomic inequalities and WASH. The map production was performed by GIS software. Results: We found that provinces with higher percentage of diarrheal diseases in children also had higher percentage of population with the lowest socioeconomic status. Additionally, the provinces which had higher unimproved drinking water sources, unimproved sanitation facility, and limited handwashing facility, had the higher percentage of diarrheal disease among children under 5 years. Conclusion: The percentage of the lowest socioeconomic status and unimproved WASH might contribute to incline the percentage of diarrheal disease among children under 5 years. The government needs to consider the geographical area to decrease the diarrheal diseases among children under 5 years.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEATH DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN MUARO JAMBI REGENCY IN 2019-2021

Silvia Adiningsih — 2024-05-30

Background: Traffic accidents can cause morbidity and mortality so preventive action is needed to overcome them. Purpose: to find out the factors associated with deaths from traffic accidents in Muaro Jambi Regency in 2019 to 2021. Methods: the type of research was case control. Secondary data was collected from the Muaro Jambi Resort Police Traffic Unit with a total sample 483 consist of 161 cases and 322 controls (1:2). The variables studied were the victim's age, sex, victim's role, vehicle's type, direction of collision, day of accident, time of accident, weather, road surface's type, traffic flow, availability of road markings, and shape of the road to the variables of death due to traffic accidents. To analysis the data, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used. Results: The risk factors for death due to traffic accidents in Muaro Jambi Regency were age, the role of victims, traffic flow, and road shape. The dominant factor was the victim's role (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.87-5.44) controlled by variables of victim's age (>30 years-old OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.85-3.04; 18-30 years-old OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.01-3.68), traffic flow (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.03-2.62), and road shape (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 0.77-2.00). Conclusion: Driver aged 18-30 years, moderate to busy traffic flow, and straight roads increase the risk of death from traffic accidents. Drivers should wear traffic safety equipment such as helmets, seat-belt and increase alertness and caution when driving.

THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS INFLUENCE IN THE KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND BEHAVIOR OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN MALANG: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

Mirza Zaka Pratama — 2024-05-30

Background: Osteoporosis is a major global health issue that results in disability and high medical expenses. It can significantly impact both individuals and their caregivers, leading to pain, limitations in daily activities, and emotional distress. Purpose: This study observed the association of sociodemographic factors in affecting knowledge, perception, and behavior related to osteoporosis in a rural area of Malang, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Malang to assess the knowledge, perception, and behavior of adults (â‰¥18 years old) toward osteoporosis. Participants were asked to fill in a validated questionnaire, which was selected randomly using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed on SPSS for Windows version 25.0. Results: The study included 376 randomly selected participants from various rural areas in Malang. The subjects mostly were within the 51-60 age group (34.0%), with female respondents accounting for 73.4% of the sample. On average, participants scored 1.8 (±2.5) for knowledge, 12.0 (±2.1) for perception, and 12.2 (±2.9) for behavior regarding osteoporosis. Both age and education levels showed associations with knowledge and perception, while only age was significantly linked to behavior concerning osteoporosis. Conclusions: Our study revealed a strong association between low educational levels, especially among the elderly, and the lack of knowledge, perceptions, and behavior toward osteoporosis.

DOMINANT RISK FACTORS FOR THE INCIDENCE OF "ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION” "ARI” IN TODDLERS

Johannes Bastira Ginting — 2024-05-30

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a contagious illness affecting diverse age groups, including toddlers, and is among the top ten reasons for Community Health Center visits. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of dominant risk factors on the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Methods: This study used an observational, analytic-cross sectional approach, at Puskesmas Kampung Lalang, Medan, in 2023. The total population was 394 toddlers (aged 0-59 months). In the determination of the number of samples using the sample size estimation formula, 198 samples were obtained by purposive sampling. Data analysis used Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression Enter Methods, with a significance level of 95%. Results: The results showed that the variables of Vitamin A administration (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.77) and immunization status (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.93) were associated with a decreased risk of ARI in toddlers. In contrast, exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.11-5.01) was associated with increased risk, while the physical environment of the house (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.28-6.64) was associated with increased risk of ARI. Conclusion: Vitamin A administration and immunization reduce the risk of respiratory tract infection among under-fives at Puskesmas Kampung Lalang. Exclusive breastfeeding and home conditions increased the same risk. Improving these risk factors is essential to reduce the prevalence of childhood respiratory infections in the area.

THE EFFECT OF HOOKAH (SHISA) AND VAPING ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Aqsa Haroon — 2024-05-30

Background: The popularity of shisha (hookah) and vaping as alternatives to smoking has increased significantly in recent years. Shisha smoking, prevalent in Arab nations and other regions, exposes users to various harmful substances including nicotine, fine particles, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Similarly, vaping involves inhaling aerosols produced by heating e-liquids containing nicotine and other chemicals. Purpose: This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies examining the cardiovascular health effects of shisha and vaping. Methods: Epidemiological patterns and adverse consequences of these practices on cardiovascular health were explored through a systematic search of relevant articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholars. Results: The findings suggest that chronic use of shisha and vaping is associated with respiratory issues and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, shisha smoking has been linked to infectious diseases, pulmonary complications, metabolic syndrome, and adverse effects on fetal development during pregnancy. Conclusion: The review highlights the need for further research to better understand the mechanisms and long-term cardiovascular consequences of shisha and vaping.

DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION SURVIVORS COVID-19 AMONG â‰¥45 YEARS OLD TO COVID-19 THIRD DOSE VACCINATION

Putri Djamilah Wahidah — 2024-05-30

Background: Booster vaccinations are a way to keep the body protected against COVID-19. Mojolangu Health Center is one of the densely populated areas which is part of the Lowokwaru sub-district and borders the Belimbing sub-district; the two sub-districts are ranked 2nd and 1st with the highest CFR (Case Fatality Rate) in Malang City. Therefore, examining public perceptions of vaccination to evaluate immunization programs and raise performance goals is essential. Purpose: To determine the relationship between the Health Belief Model components (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barrier, and cues to action) and the participation of COVID-19 booster vaccination in survivors of COVID-19 aged â‰¥45 years. Conducted from April to November 2022, this research was located in the working area of Mojolangu Health Center (Mojolangu, Tunjungsekar, Tunggulwulung, and Tasikmadu village). Methods: This quantitative research used a case-control design study. This research sample comprised 82 people, selected using the purposive sampling technique with a 1:1 ratio for case and control. Data analysis was done using the Chi-Square test and Binary Logistics Regression tests. Results: The respondents were dominated by the middle age group (45-59 years), primarily entrepreneurs with a monthly income of more than IDR 3.5 million and domiciled in Mojolangu village. The perceived benefits variable showed p=0.04 (aOR=2.67; 95% CI=1.03-6.91) and perceived barriers p=0.01 (aOR=3.60; 95% CI=1.39-9.28), while perceived vulnerability p=1.00 (cOR=1.00; 95% CI= 0.32 – 3.16), perception of cues to act p= 0.18 (cOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 0.75 - 4.40). Conclusion: Factors related to booster vaccination participation are perceived benefits and barriers.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: RISK FACTORS OF MORTALITY COVID-19

Thresya Febrianti — 2024-05-30

Background: COVID-19 is still a threat throughout the world because of its high morbidity and mortality. Comorbid diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease are some of the factors in the high severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Purpose: The study aims to analyze the effect of risk factors on COVID-19 mortality using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Articles were taken from online journal portals Pubmed, Garuda, and Google Cendekia, and all were published from October 2019 to December 2021 in full text and with an observational study design. The keywords used in searching the articles were "COVID-19", "sars cov 2", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus", "COVID-19 deaths", and "COVID-19 mortality". The articles were collected using a PRISMA diagram; then, data extraction was carried out in a systematic review. The data was synthesized by using a meta-analysis technique using the RevMan application. Results: This study analyzed 59 articles and found that age, hypertension OR=3.09 (2.69-3.56), sex OR= 1.29 (1.08-1.53), and diabetes mellitus OR=3.03 (2.66-3.44) are the risk factors for COVID-19 death. Conclusion: The death in COVID-19 patients is influenced by elderly age, gender, and comorbid disease (diabetes and hypertension). These COVID-19-death-related factors can help health workers recognize and prevent a more severe stage of the disease through more appropriate handling and treatment.

VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION COVERAGE AND PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION STATUS AMONG TODDLERS IN SIDOARJO, INDONESIA

Abdullah Ghanynafi — 2024-05-30

Background: A toddler's nutrition status is an essential indicator of public welfare, and the occurrence of malnutrition leads to severe problems that impact child growth development. Purpose: This research aims to understand the coverage correlation of giving vitamin A with the occurrence of malnutrition among toddlers in Sidoarjo regency. Methods: The researchers used ecological study methods followed by the usage of secondary data retrieved from Sidoarjo's Regency Health Profile in 2020-2022 with a sub-district analysis unit. Vitamin A coverage and the nutrition status amount by sub-district were visualized on the map using QGIS. Pearson's correlation test was used to find out the correlation between coverage of giving vitamin A and nutrition status. Results: The findings show that there are none of the significant correlations found between giving vitamin A and the occurrence of malnutrition in toddlers, which tends to increase annually. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the coverage of vitamin A and the occurrence of malnutrition among toddlers, which indicates there are a few factors and risks that play an essential role in participating in the impact of malnutrition status among toddlers in Sidoarjo regency.