Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary

Indexing, Subscribed Form, Guidelines for Author, Back Cover

2025-06-13T03:56:36+07:00

Front Cover, Editorial Board, Peer Reviewers, Acknowledgments

2025-06-13T03:55:46+07:00

First Report of Blood Protozoa Infection in Wild-Caught Asian Vine Snake (Ahaetulla prasina)

2025-02-10T14:42:26+07:00

The Asian vine snake (Ahaetulla prasina) is an arboreal snake that can inhabit various types of trees in both lowland and highland areas. Based on its habitat, the Asian vine snake has a high potential to be infected by parasites. One of the parasitic diseases that can infect snakes is blood protozoa, which have the potential to be zoonotic. It can be transmitted between animals and humans through food contamination due to environmental pollution by snake feces which contain infective stage of protozoa. Clinical symptoms of this infection include lethargy, dehydration, and anorexia, which are common signs of parasitism. Case reports related to blood protozoa in snakes in the Indonesia are still very limited and have never been reported in Asian vine snake, even though many people keep Asian vine snake as exotic pets.

Therapeutic Potential of Eugenol for Muscle Pain Management in Athletes: A Scoping Review

2025-05-17T23:08:44+07:00

Muscle pain is a prevalent affliction experienced by athletes during training and competition. Eugenol, a natural compound found in cloves, exhibits considerable promise as a therapeutic agent for myalgia through multiple mechanisms of action. Eugenol has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin E2 production and reduce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a process that plays a pivotal role in inflammation and pain. Furthermore, eugenol has been observed to interact with TRPV1, HVACC, and α2-adrenergic and opioidergic receptors, contributing to its analgesic effects. In addition, studies have demonstrated that eugenol possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by its ability to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and augment the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In a preclinical context, eugenol-active topical formulations have demonstrated encouraging results, showing promise in the development of muscle pain relief preparations for athletes, with a superior safety profile compared to conventional drugs. However, further research is necessary to optimize the dosage, formulation, and the appropriate application method. This review underscores the potential of eugenol as a safe and effective muscle pain therapy for athletes, as well as opportunities for the development of innovative topical formulations.

Ectoparasites of Wild Rats (Rattus spp.) in Banyuwangi: Prevalance, Diversity, and Potential Risks

2025-04-10T17:35:19+07:00

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation and all types of ectoparasites that infest wild rats (Rattus spp.) from three villages in Banyuwangi Subdistrict, namely Lateng Village, Kampung Mandar Village, and Kepatihan Village. A total of 100 wild rats of the species Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi were collected from Lateng Village, Kampung Mandar Village, and Kepatihan Village. Samples were anaesthetised based on the standard operational procedure of ethical testing and combed to obtain ectoparasites that predilect on the surface of the rat body. Ectoparasites were identified using the whole mount method natively with 10% KOH fixation, dehydration, and clearing to see the morphology of the ectoparasites.The results showed that the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 94% from three villages in Banyuwangi Subdistrict, consisting of 94 fleas, 38 lice, and 1,392 mites. The results of ectoparasite identification obtained five genus namely Xenopsylla, Polyplax, Hoplopleura, Laelaps, Ornithonyssus. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence of infestation and diversity in wild rats (Rattus spp.) in Indonesia.

Potential of Ethanol Extract of Red Curly Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) as an Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Agent in Mice

2025-04-10T10:22:05+07:00

Medicinal plants containing polyphenols (flavonoid dan tannin), quercetin and capsaicin have strong antioxidant properties. These compounds can help inhibit oxidative stress that plays a role in various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Capsicum annuum L is rich in phytochemicals and active compounds such as flavonoids (Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol), tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of red curly chili (Capsicum annuum L.) ethanol extract as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent in mice. The mice will be randomly divided into the following groups (6 mice per group): Diabetic control group (induced diabetes with streptozotocin, no treatment), and Capsicum annuum L group (Diabetic group treated with Capsicum annuum L ethanol extract at dose 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW for 21 days). On the 21st day, the mice were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected via intracardiac puncture for the analysis of blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Oral administration of Capsicum annuum L. At 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and MDA levels (p<0.05) compared to the diabetic group. The results approached those of the normal group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The study confirmed that Capsicum annuum L. extract effectively alleviates oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes in STZ-induced mice, as evidenced by its ability to lower blood glucose levels and reduce MDA levels.

Effect of Excessive Carrot Juice (Daucus carota) Administration on Uric Acid and Blood Glucose Levels in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2024-12-12T21:49:44+07:00

The consumption of carrot juice (Daucus carota) has been associated with various health benefits, yet its effects on metabolic parameters such as uric acid and blood glucose levels remain inadequately explored. Understanding these effects is crucial for developing dietary recommendations, particularly for conditions related to elevated uric acid and blood glucose. This research aimed to investigate the impact of excessive carrot juice administration on uric acid and blood glucose levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study sought to determine whether carrot juice could serve as a beneficial dietary intervention or if it posed risks for metabolic dysregulation. A true experimental design was employed, utilizing a post-test only control group approach. Four healthy rats were divided into two groups: a control group receiving standard rat feed and a treatment group receiving carrot juice alongside their feed for seven days. Blood samples were collected after a 12-hour fasting period, and uric acid and blood glucose levels were measured using an Easy Touch GCU glucometer. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and T-tests to assess significant differences between groups. The results indicated that excessive administration of carrot juice significantly decreased uric acid levels in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, blood glucose levels were found to be significantly higher in the treatment group (p < 0.05), suggesting a complex interaction between carrot juice consumption and metabolic regulation. The study concludes that while excessive carrot juice can effectively lower uric acid levels in rats, it may also lead to increased blood glucose levels. These findings highlight the need for cautious dietary recommendations regarding carrot juice intake, particularly for individuals at risk of hyperglycemia. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes and explore the effects of carrot juice on various physiological systems and stress-related impacts on metabolic parameters.

Hatchability Success Rate of Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) Eggs Using the INTAN BOX Incubation Device on Pulau Santen Beach, Banyuwangi

2024-12-15T19:24:16+07:00

The natural hatching success rate of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) eggs on Pulau Santen Beach is often hindered by predator disturbances, temperature fluctuations caused by human activities, and unfavorable environmental conditions, with a success rate of only 50–70%. This study aimed to analyze the hatching success rate of olive ridley sea turtle eggs using the INTAN BOX incubation device on Pulau Santen Beach, Banyuwangi. A quantitative descriptive method was employed to observe 365 eggs relocated from four nests to the INTAN BOX over an incubation period of 50–60 days. Parameters observed included temperature, humidity, and hatching success rates. Results indicated an average hatching success rate of 86%, with individual nest success rates ranging from 83% to 89%. These rates are significantly higher than the 50–70% success rate achieved through natural hatching. The INTAN BOX provides a stable environment, protects eggs from predators, and optimizes temperature and humidity conditions, thereby enhancing hatching success. Additionally, the device enables the management of hatchling sex ratios through temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), which is critical for sea turtle population conservation. This study concluded that the INTAN BOX is an effective innovation for olive ridley turtle conservation while also supporting local community empowerment around Pulau Santen Beach.

The Effect of Vitamin C Administration on Hemoglobin and Hematocrit of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2024-12-16T18:11:55+07:00

Anemia, a condition characterized by low hemoglobin or red blood cell levels, is a widespread nutritional issue affecting over 2 billion people globally. Iron deficiency, folic acid, and vitamin B12 or C deficiencies are common causes, with vitamin C playing a crucial role in enhancing iron absorption. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various doses of vitamin C supplementation on hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in rats. The experiment employed a True Experimental design with a control group and three treatment groups receiving different doses of vitamin C (1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, and 6 mg/ml) over three weeks. Results showed no significant increase in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels across treatment groups compared to the control. Although some variations were observed in the data, particularly with the 6 mg/ml dose showing a slight decrease in hemoglobin levels, the overall effect of vitamin C on these hematological parameters was not substantial. These findings suggest that animal health, feed quality, and vitamin C administration duration influence the outcomes.

The Effects of Prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS) Supplementation on Hematology Profile of Native Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2024-12-08T16:56:10+07:00

Native chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are an important source of animal protein due to their adaptability and relatively simple management. However, their productivity remains limited, which poses a significant challenge in poultry farming. One promising strategy to improve the health and productivity of native chickens is supplementation with Mannan Oligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic known to enhance gut microflora balance, strengthen immune responses, and support overall health. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of MOS supplementation on the hematological profile of native chickens. A true experimental method with a control group pre-test post-test design was employed. The results demonstrated that MOS supplementation significantly improved the hematological profile of native chickens. Notable increases were observed in the red blood cell (RBC) count to 2.54 × 10⁶ cells/mm³, white blood cell (WBC) count to 20.30 × 10³ cells/mm³, hemoglobin concentration to 11.4 g/dL, and hematocrit value to 31%. These findings highlight the potential of MOS supplementation to enhance the health and productivity of Native chickens through improvements in key hematological parameters.

Effect of Alternative Food Combinations on the Development of Silkworms (Tubifex sp.)

2025-05-07T19:13:29+07:00

Silkworm (Tubifex sp.) is one of the natural feeds that has high nutritional value and is used for fish farming. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of different types of feed on the growth of silkworms. The method used in this study is experimental with a complete random design (CRM) consisting of three treatments and one for control, test materials: tofu pulp, chicken manure, sawnut vegetable waste, plantain peel, rice field mud, Em4 and combined according to the research plan. The observed parameters include absolute biomass of the population and individual increase of the population. The results of the study showed that the treatment of each A: 1733 ind/m²with 34.67 g/m², B: 2067 ind/m²with 41.33 g/m²,C: 3400 ind/m²with 68.67 g/m² and Control (K): 1567 ind/m²with 31.33 g/m², counting from the statistical data of the ANOVA Table shows that the Fcout is larger than the Ftable 0.05 and 0.01, which means that the difference is very noticeable with the follow-up test of Smallest Real Difference Test, Treatment C is larger, treatment B, A, K (control) treatment B is larger, treatment A and K (control) while treatment A and K (control) are not significantly different. This means that the type of feed used in treatment C has a significant influence on the increase in population biomass and the increase in the number of silkworm populations compared to others. These results can be further tested with different materials or different containers.

Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) Extract Reduces MSG-Induced Obesity in Mice

2025-05-17T23:08:33+07:00

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) extract in MSG-induced obese mice. Twenty-five male mice were divided into five groups: negative control (CMC-Na), positive control (MSG, 4 mg/g BW), and three groups receiving MSG plus Dayak onion extract at 30, 60, or 120 mg/kg BW for 52 days. Body weight was measured weekly, and abdominal fat (retroperitoneal, epididymal, peritoneal) was weighed using a digital scale on day 53. One-way ANOVA with Duncan’s post hoc test analyzed differences (p<0.05). MSG increased body weight (40.8 ± 1.1 g) and fat compared to the negative control (31.2 ± 0.5 g). Dayak onion extract dose-dependently reduced body weight (T1: 38.2 ± 0.6 g; T2: 36.0 ± 0.9 g; T3: 32.3 ± 0.6 g) and fat, with the 120 mg/kg dose nearing control levels. Flavonoids and anthraquinones in the extract likely drive these effects, suggesting Dayak onion’s potential as a natural anti-obesity agent. Human studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Marine Sponge Petrosia sp. from Maratua Island: A Potential Source of Antibiofilm Agents Against Pathogenic Biofilms

2025-05-16T09:21:09+07:00

Microbial biofilm-associated infections, particularly those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, have emerged as global challenges due to resistance to conventional antimicrobials. This study investigated the antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract from the sponge Petrosia sp., collected from the waters of Maratua Island, against both pathogens. Extraction was performed using 96% ethanol maceration, followed by in vitro biofilm inhibition and eradication assays using the broth microdilution method in microtiter plates. Biofilm density was quantified through crystal violet staining and absorbance measurement (OD₅₉₅ nm). The results demonstrated that the extract inhibited both intermediate-stage (24 hours) and mature-stage (48 hours) biofilm formation, with an MBIC₅₀ of 0.125% for both microorganisms. At a concentration of 1%, the inhibition percentages reached 73.86% for P. aeruginosa and 84.70% for C. albicans. The highest mature biofilm eradication activity was observed at 1% concentration, with MBEC₅₀ values of 51.98% for P. aeruginosa and 80.53% for C. albicans, approaching the effectiveness of positive controls (nystatin 82.04% and chloramphenicol 61.72%). The extract exhibited a dose-dependent pattern, with greater efficacy against C. albicans, possibly due to differences in biofilm matrix composition. These findings confirm the potential of Petrosia sp. as a source of multitarget antibiofilm compounds, particularly for fungal infections, and underscore the significance of Indonesia’s marine biodiversity as a basis for innovative therapeutic development.

Amelioration of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Hepatic Injury by Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract: Evidence from SGOT and SGPT Biomarkers in a Murine Model

2025-05-17T23:09:41+07:00

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of green tea extract (GTE) against cigarette smoke-induced liver damage in mice. Twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into five groups: negative control (C-), positive control exposed to cigarette smoke (C+), and three experimental groups exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with different doses of GTE: 20 mg/kg BW (T1), 40 mg/kg BW (T2), and 60 mg/kg BW (T3). Following 36 days of treatment, serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured as biomarkers of hepatocellular injury. Results showed significant elevation of both enzymes in the C+ group (SGOT: 50.46 ± 2.49 U/L; SGPT: 19.48 ± 1.47 U/L) compared to the C- group (SGOT: 35.10 ± 2.49 U/L; SGPT: 10.22 ± 1.68 U/L), indicating cigarette smoke-induced hepatotoxicity. GTE administration demonstrated dose-dependent hepatoprotection, with the highest dose (T3) showing the most substantial effect (SGOT: 38.26 ± 1.25 U/L; SGPT: 11.01 ± 1.05 U/L). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups (p<0.05). The hepatoprotective mechanisms of GTE likely involve its potent antioxidant properties, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant systems, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of xenobiotic metabolism, and mitochondrial protection. These findings suggest that green tea extract may serve as a promising natural hepatoprotective agent against cigarette smoke-induced liver injury, with potential applications in preventive healthcare strategies.