Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research

Front Matter

admin — 2024-05-29

front matter

The Relationship Between Anemia in Pregnant Women and The Incidence of Preeclampsia in Indonesia : A Systematic Review

Pirlina Umiastuti — 2024-05-29

Preeclampsia is the biggest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the second most common cause of maternal death in Indonesia. One of the highest risk factors for preeclampsia is anemia, so this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of preeclampsia. This research was an analytic type with a systematic review method from previous research with an observational case-control approach design with secondary data sources. The data were obtained from the results of previous research with a literature time limit of the last 5 years (2018–2022). This study used databases from Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Garuda, and Summon Universitas Airlangga. The search yielded 2161 studies; after eliminating 439 duplicates, 1732 remained. After exclusion based on titles and abstracts, 36 studies remained, which were screened in full text. Finally, 8 studies were eligible and included in the review. Four studies showed a relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of preeclampsia, while four other studies showed no relationship. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia ranges from 13.27% to 80.8%, with an average of 44.1%. Ages at risk for preeclampsia in Indonesia are pregnant women aged <20 years and >35 years. There is a relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of preeclampsia in Indonesia. Therefore, anemia can be a risk factor for preeclampsia.

The Influence of Intant Massage to Weight Gains in Low Birth Weight Infant (LBW) : A Systematic Review

Atika — 2024-05-29

Growth and development is a significant phase that cannot be replicated, underscoring the need for meticulous attention, particularly for those born with low birth weight (LBW). LBW can be stimulated using infant massage. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of infant massage on weight gain among LBW infants. This is a systematic review using PICOS framework, investigating studies from 2018 to 2023 in databases including Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria involved full-text access and the keywords low birth weight, weight gain, and massage. The initial search yielded 1913 literature, which were screened based on publication year and type, resulting in 122 articles. After being examined, 119 articles were excluded due to duplication, using non-English language, involving non-LBW, different outcomes, and non-RCT, leaving three articles. The assessment of literature quality was conducted using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. The results of outcome measurements and group comparisons across the three studies exhibited congruence. In conclusion, the finding indicated that infants who underwent massage intervention exhibited weight gain, as did those who did not undergo such intervention. Furthermore, infants who received massage intervention experienced a more pronounced increase in weight compared to their counterparts who did not undergo massage intervention.

Back Matter

admin — 2024-05-29

Back Matter

Profile of Syphilis Compliance and Success of Therapy at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang: A Descriptive Study

Intan Wasaputri Donoseputro — 2024-05-29

Syphilis is a chronic progressive sexually transmitted infection, that causes a life-threatening condition if left untreated. In lower-middle-income countries, the burden of disease might appear to be lower due to a lack of reports. This study aimed to report the epidemiological profile, the profile of compliance, and the success of therapy of syphilis at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic in RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, Indonesia. This study used a descriptive approach using secondary data from the medical records of newly diagnosed syphilis patients at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang from January 2021 - December 2021. Sample collection was using a total sampling technique. Eighteen medical records met the inclusion criteria. The majority of samples were men (77.8%), aged 17-25 years (44.4%) and 26-35 years (44.4%), had a high school education (55.6%), HIV positive (50%) and HIV negative (50%). All 18 patients got intramuscular injections of a single 2.4 million U or 7.2 million U Benzathine Penicillin G according to the syphilis stage. It was found that eight patients (44.4%) had a successful therapy, two patients (11.2%), experienced failure, and the remaining eight patients (44.4%) were unknown due to loss of follow-up. Several factors are associated with better patient compliance including older age, higher educational level, type of the disease, and lower complexity of treatment schedules. Overall, therapeutic compliance of syphilis patients is good, but monitoring compliance needs to be improved. Benzathine Penicillin G remains the drug of choice for syphilis and has a high success rate.

Predictors of Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Egypt-A Retrospective Observational Study

Mohamed Abdel-Salam Elgohary — 2024-05-29

The prediction of mortality and risk stratification of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) offers a rational approach for clinical support, health resource allocation, and implementation of protective interventions to optimize the treatment. Clinicians need these predictors that permit them to elderly patients with Covid-19 rapidly during the pandemic. Investigate demographic features, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and pharmacological treatment received by individuals who died due to Covid-19 that may be predictors of mortality. A retrospective observational study. A single-center cohort in Almaza Fever Egyptian Hospital through three years of the pandemic, 2020, 2021, and 2022. About 194 elderly patients with Covid-19 were attendees of the hospital and died through three years of the pandemic, 2020, 2021, and 2022. A total of 64 cases were in 2020, 94 cases in 2021, and 36 cases in 2022. Main outcome measures: Mortality after a short stay of 9 days evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), determination of the clinical features, and laboratory measures that may be predictors related to mortality over the three years of the pandemic. Our research found a statistically significant variation between the three years (2020, 2021, and 2022) regarding co-morbidities including IHD, renal and stroke (p-value < 0.05), treatment including Iverzine, chloroquine, remedisvir, and SL (P-value < 0.001), and symptoms including pneumonia status, cytokine storm, dyspnea, cough, anosmia, loss of taste and GIT symptoms (p-value < 0.005). After analysis, there were some predictors, including male sex, age, and hospital stay, that were positively associated with the deterioration of some laboratory measures and biomarkers such as IL-6 with mortality after a short period of stay (9 days) over time. The presented study showed a reliable prediction of mortality over time, so, it plays a crucial role in early patients' identification who are at high risk of death. Therefore, the deteriorated cases should be closely monitored.

Predictive Factors of Time Die From COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units

Gustavo Bergonzoli — 2024-05-29

To identify risk factors that increase or decrease the probability of dying from Covid-19 in Intensive Care Units (ICU) patients. This study is based on data collected retrospectively from the hospital records. The proportional model assumption was verified using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox Hazard Proportional Regression model to identify predictors' factors associated with time to death by Covid-19. Four factors were identified, two of them increase the probability of dying: age (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HRa) = 1.032 (1.022–1.041), and breathing frequency HRa = 1.035 (1.016-1.054), and two decrease the probability: lymphocytes HRa = -0 815 (0.674–0.985), and diastolic pressure HRa = -0.992 (0.986–0.998). Every five years of increase in age the probability of dying does the same by 13.5%; while with an increase of three breaths there is an increase in the probability of dying equal to 7.4%. At the same time, five ml increase in mercury pressure will decrease mortality probability by 1.6%, while a 1.5 increase in lymphocytes will decrease it by 7.9%. Knowing these factors will undoubtedly be a useful tool to identify those patients who, due to their clinical condition, have a morbidity profile that classifies them as very high risk of dying, and therefore deserve personalized medical care.

Degree of Hearing Loss and Students' Quality of Life at a State-Owned Extraordinary School in Jember Indonesia

Aldy Bachtiar Hidayat — 2024-05-29

Hearing loss is one of the health problems that can be caused by genetic factors, anatomical abnormalities, trauma to the ears and head, ototoxic drugs, and bacterial meningitis. People with hearing loss may have physical, intellectual, and mental limitations that can hinder daily activities and affect quality of life. Extraordinary School (Sekolah Luar Biasa/SLB) is the school that serves school-age children with special needs or those having a physical or/ mental disorder. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of hearing loss and the quality of life of students with hearing disabilities at SLB Negeri Jember, Indonesia. This study used an analytic observational research design. The total number of samples in this study was 23 students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then an audiometer examination and a questionnaire survey were carried out. This study used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDS-QL^TM) questionnaire. The statistical test used was the Spearman correlation test. Interpretation of the results was considered to have a significant correlation if the p-value <0.05. The result of statistical analysis using Spearman's rank shows the relationship between the degree of hearing loss and the physical function of students with hearing loss at the SLB Negeri Jember shows a significance value of 0.184. The relationship between the degree of hearing loss and emotional function obtained a result of 0.005. The relationship between the degree of hearing loss and social functioning shows a significance value of 0.561. The relationship between the degree of hearing loss and school functioning showed a significance value of 0.016. The results were considered to have a significant correlation if the p-value <0.05. In conclusion, hearing loss was found not to have significant relationship with physical and social functioning in students with hearing disabilities at SLB Negeri Jember, Indonesia

Analysis of Environmental Factors with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Guntur, Demak, Indonesia

Fika Hariyanti — 2024-05-29

Guntur district is one of the districts that is classified as endemic for dengue fever in Demak, Indonesia. In the last three years, there have been consecutive cases or deaths due to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Based on the epidemiological triangle concept, the emergence of dengue fever can be caused by an imbalance between host (human) factors, the agent as the cause, and the supporting environment. Environmental factors facilitate contact with agents consisting of the physical, social and biological environment. The physical environment that influences the occurrence of dengue fever cases includes house layout, type of container, frequency of draining the container, availability of lids on containers, altitude and climate. DHF cases in Guntur District in 2022 were 67 cases (IR 0.8 per 1,000 population). The case sample in this study was 86 respondents consisting of 43 case groups and 43 as controls. Sampling was taken in Guntur, Demak, Indonesia. The results showed that the factors having influence on the DHF were landfill materials, landfill volume, landfill availability, frequency of landfill draining, and the presence of larvae. The risk factors for dengue fever are the material of the water reservoir, the frequency of draining the water reservoir, the volume of the landfill, and the presence of larvae. People who used cement/soil landfill materials had a 3.529 greater chance of contracting dengue fever. People with less reliable behavior in draining landfills had a 5.569 times greater chance of contracting dengue fever, and people whose water reservoirs containing larvae had a 17.939 times greater chance of contracting dengue fever.

The Relationship Between Central Obesity and The Incidence of Hypertension in Women of Productive Age in Turirejo Hamlet, Lawang, Malang, Indonesia

dwiaprilawati — 2024-05-29

Inactivity and sedentary lifestyles, particularly among women who primarily fulfill the role of housewives, are associated with a higher risk of obesity. The 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research identified a significant prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 55-64, with a disproportionate burden on women. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and hypertension in women of productive age. This research used descriptive analytics with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected by interviews, blood pressure measurements, and central obesity measurements. The data were collected from Public Health Training Center Murnajati Lawang, Malang, Indonesia. The majority of participants belonged to the 46-55 age group and were non-working individuals. Among the total sample of 50 respondents, 19 (38%) experienced hypertension, with only 3 (6%) exhibiting central obesity. Dietary habits among respondents with central obesity included light to moderate consumption of items such as butter (52%), offal (34%), egg yolks (54%), shrimp (36%), cream milk (54%), mayonnaise (40%), and fatty meats (52%). However, the Fisher test results did not indicate a significant relationship (p= 0.279) between central obesity and hypertension. In conclusion, this study found no evidence of a direct association between central obesity and the incidence of hypertension in women of reproductive age.

The Relationship Between Energy Drinks A and B with Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Increase Among College Students

Narendra Arya Setiabudi — 2024-05-29

Energy drinks are popular among various groups of people, such as teenagers and working individuals. These beverages are consumed to provide additional energy and improve focus. This research investigates the relationship between energy drinks and blood pressure and heart rate in students of the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. The study used the open trial – randomized cross-over study method and collected primary data through experiments. The sample consisted of students from the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Airlangga, aged 19 to 22 years, with a normal body mass index ranging from 18.5 to 24.9. The systolic, diastolic, and heart rate values were measured before and after consuming energy drinks. A total of 38 research samples were used, including 22 males (57.8%) and 16 females (42.1%). Energy drinks such as Kratingdaeng and Extra Joss showed a significant increase in blood pressure. However, no significant changes were observed in heart rate. The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test, comparing systolic and diastolic conditions before and after consuming Extra Joss, showed p<0.0001. A significance level of p<0.05 indicates a significant effect of energy drinks on the students. The Wilcoxon test for Kratingdaeng also yielded a p<0.0001. For the p-value through the Wilcoxon test on diastolic values before and after consuming Extra Joss and Kratingdaeng, the result was p<0.05. However, the Wilcoxon test for heart rate before and after consuming Kratingdaeng and Extra Joss had a at p<0.05. In the Mann-Whitney statistical test, a p<0.05 was found only in the post-systolic condition, while other conditions had at pâ‰¥0.05. In conclusion, energy drinks significantly affected blood pressure, but no significant changes were observed in heart rate.

Comorbid Factors and Duration of Illness in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Lady Savita — 2024-05-29

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) continues to prevail in Indonesia annually. Individuals afflicted with dengue hemorrhagic fever may exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, and these can vary based on individual factors. Numerous elements can contribute to this diversity. Typically, adult patients with comorbidities face a less favorable prognosis for the primary disease. This study aimed to examine the impact of comorbid factors on the severity of DHF, as well as its duration. The comorbidities considered in this research encompassed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. This research employed an analytical approach and was conducted at Universitas Airlangga Hospital from January to December 2022. Medical records served as the primary data source for this study. A total of 121 patient samples were collected based on specific criteria. The criteria included adults (>18 years) treated at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, who had no comorbid diseases other than those under study, and possessed complete medical record data. The sampling technique employed in this research was total sampling, which adhered to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research demonstrated that comorbid factors were not associated with the severity of DHF (p<0.05), while the duration of illness in DHF patients was correlated with the severity of the disease (p=0.027).

Factors Associated to The Occurrence of Stunting at The Primary Health Center in Madiun City, Indonesia

Arinaa Manasika Farida — 2024-05-29

Stunting, a common nutritional problem characterized by a child's shorter stature due to growth failure, affects 11.5% of toddlers at Demangan Primary Health Center in Madiun, Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze factors linked to toddler stunting, using an observational analytical cross-sectional design. All toddlers visiting Demangan Primary Health Center's Integrated Health Post in Madiun were involved in the study sample. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal upper arm circumference (LILA), maternal weight gain during pregnancy, inter-birth interval, low birth weight, per capita income, parental education, maternal knowledge on toddler's nutrition and parenting patterns of feeding were factors collected through questionnaires, Maternal and Child Health books, and primary health center records. Univariate and bivariate analysis results were tested using the Chi-Square or Fisher Exact test. In this study, 156 samples were obtained, consisting of 18 stunted toddlers (11.5%) and 138 normal toddlers (88.5%). Stunting associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI showed p=0.020, maternal upper arm circumference p=0.008, maternal weight gain during pregnancy pâ‰¤0.001, low birth weight p=0.001, per capita income p=0.007, and maternal knowledge on toddler's nutrition had p=0.011. In conclusion, pre-pregnancy conditions significantly influence stunting. So, enhancing interventions for maternal health during pre-pregnancy is crucial for maximizing impact.

How Community – Oriented Medicine is Implemented in Medical Education

Retno Asti Werdhani — 2024-05-29

The Community Oriented Medical Education (COME) approach to medical education focuses on the population and individuals while covering all elements of health problem priorities. The World Health Organization (W.H.O) Strategic Framework identifies five key strategic directions for enhancing basic medical education to meet existing health concerns. A long-term, integrated module across disciplines is one strategy that the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Indonesia has experienced in its implementation in both community and clinical medicine. The module includes a variety of field practices (hospital and primary care) as well as inter-departmental personnel (committees and tutors). The module has bridged the gap between community medicine and clinical medicine, with integrated staff as well as collaboration between the departments of community medicine and clinical medicine. Community medicine has been seen as important not only for epidemiological concerns but also as part of the clinical teaching approach that prepares students for careers in hospitals or primary care after graduation. COME can be taught in multidisciplinary or inter-departmental collaboration to accomplish applied learning outcomes for individuals and community health activities. COME ensures our education system produces medical graduates to meet health system needs with the help of faculties and teachers who are also responsible for community health and well-being.