Jurist-Diction

Front Matter Volume 7 No. 3, Juli 2024

Front Matter — 2024-07-31

Front Matter Volume 7 No. 3, Juli 2024

Quo Vadis RKUHP: Polemik Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Presiden, Lembaga Negara, dan Pemerintah dalam Perspektif Pidana, Konstitusi, dan Hak Asasi Manusia

Adi Sutiyoso — 2024-07-30

Abstract

The reform of criminal law in Indonesia through the Criminal Code Draft (RKUHP) is actually an urgent need, because the current Criminal Code (KUHP), which is a Dutch heritage, still contains elements of colonialism and is increasingly irrelevant. The RKUHP carries out five main missions, namely decolonization, democratization, harmonization, consolidation, and modernization. However, a number of articles in the RKUHP are contradictory to the five missions. A number of provisions in the RKUHP actually maintain the colonial articles. These articles fortify the president, vice president, legitimate government, and public powers or state institutions from insults and criticism. The existence of these articles certainly threatens the right to freedom of expression which is a constitutional right and human right. The reform of the criminal law is indeed urgent, but the reform, especially regarding the limitation of the right to freedom of expression, must be based on the constitution and human rights.

Keywords: Criminal Code Draft, Rights to Freedom of Expression, Constitution, Human Rights.

Abstrak

Pembaharuan hukum pidana di Indonesia melalui Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (RKUHP) sejatinya memang kebutuhan yang mendesak, sebab Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) saat ini yang merupakan warisan Belanda, substansinya masih mengandung unsur kolonialisme dan kian tidak relevan. RKUHP mengusung lima misi utama, yaitu dekolonisasi, demokratisasi, harmonisasi, konsolidasi, dan modernisasi. Namun, hal sejumlah substansi pasal dalam RKUHP justru kontradiktif dengan lima misi tersebut. Sejumlah ketentuan dalam RKUHP justru mempertahankan pasal-pasal kolonial. Pasal-pasal tersebut membentengi presiden, wakil presiden, pemerintah yang sah, dan kekuasaan umum atau lembaga negara dari penghinaan serta kritik. Eksistensi pasal-pasal tersebut tentunya mengancam hak atas kebebasan berekspresi yang merupakan hak konstitusional dan hak asasi manusia (HAM). Pembaharuan hukum pidana memanglah mendesak, tetapi pembaharuan tersebut, khususnya terkait pembatasan hak atas kebebasan berekspresi, haruslah berlandaskan konstitusi dan HAM.

Kata Kunci: Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Hak atas Kebebasan Berekspresi, Konstitusi, Hak Asasi Manusia.

Karakteristik Pendekatan Yuridis Terhadap Tindakan Integrasi Vertikal Dalam Struktur Pasar Duopoli

Akbar Rizky Pratama — 2024-07-30

Abstract
In this era of development, the need for online transportation as one of the options to move to the destination certainly attracts the attention of several companies that provide online transportation services. In Indonesia itself, this online transportation competition was initiated by three companies. But in its development, GO-JEK and Grab remain as two big competitors in the world of online transportation, which gives rise to a duopoly market structure that makes it difficult for other companies that want to enter the world of online transportation services to get customers. This article uses conceptual and statutory research to examine the conditions of the duopoly market and the company's responsibilities if there are violations. It was found that in relation to the conditions of the duopoly market, per se illegal, and rule of reason approach is needed to determine whether the action is prohibited or not. Furthermore, when viewed from a vertical integration approach, of course the two companies are allowed with the aim of saving and efficiency. However, if it is done to control the operation of online transportation services, of course it is categorized as unfair business competition.
Keyword: Vertical Integration; Duopoly Market; Online Transportation; Per Se Illegal; Rule of Reason.

Abstrak
Dengan adanya perkembangan jaman, tentu saja kebutuhan transportasi online sebagai salah satu pilihan untuk berpindah ke lokasi tujuan tentunya menarik perhatian beberapa perusahaan untuk menyajikan layanan transportasi Online. Di Indonesia sendiri, persaingan transportasi online ini diawali oleh tiga perusahaan. Dalam perkembangannya tersisa GO-JEK dan Grab sebagai dua pesaing berat di dunia transportasi online yang menimbulkan adanya struktur pasar duopoli sehingga timbul kesulitan perusahaan lain yang ingin terjun ke dalam dunia jasa transportasi online untuk mendapatkan pelanggan. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian konseptual dan perundang-undangan untuk mengkaji kondisi pasar duopoli dan pertanggungjawabannya apabila terdapat pelanggaran. Ditemukan bahwa berkaitan dengan kondisi pasar duopoli, diperlukan adanya suatu pendekatan pendekatan per se illegal dan rule of reason untuk menentukan apakah tindakan tersebut dilarang atau tidak. Terlebih lanjut apabila dilihat dari pendekatan integrasi vertikal, tentunya kedua perusahaan tersebut diperbolehkan dengan tujuan untuk penghematan dan efisiensi. Akan tetapi, apabila dilakukan untuk menguasai operasi jasa transportasi online, tentunya dikategorikan sebagai persaingan usaha tidak sehat.
Kata Kunci: Integrasi Vertikal; Pasar Duopoli; Transportasi Online; Per Se Illegal; Rule of Reason.

Living Law Dalam KUHP: Suatu Gagasan Menginventarisasi Kompilasi Hukum Adat

Daffa Ladro Kusworo — 2024-07-30

Abstract
The living law provisions contained in Article 2 Paragraph 1 of the KUHP make customary law to determine whether person can be convicted as balance of national legal system. However, problem lies in inclusion customary offenses in Regional Regulations which are contradictory dynamically moving customary law. However, there is a contradiction in the issue of whether it expands the principle of legality, or violates the principle of legality itself. This study uses normative juridical method that refers to legislation and conceptual approach based on doctrine legal positivism, as well as literature studies from various research literatures, books, journals, and other legal materials. The results show that design follow-up living law in KUHP is more appropriate to do with inventory Compilation Customary Law as convenience for law enforcement officers, especially judges resolve cases by finding value of justice, as well as making it easier for legislators to find actions that will be regulated in regulations. future legislation (ius constituendum).
Keywords: Compilation of Customary Law; Living Law; KUHP.

Abstrak
Ketentuan living law yang termuat dalam Pasal 2 Ayat 1 KUHP menjadikan hukum adat dapat menentukan seseorang dapat dipidana sebagai keseimbangan sistem hukum nasional. Namun persoalan terdapat kontradiksinya yang apakah memperluas asas legalitas, atau menyalahi dari asas legalitas itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang mengacu pada perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual yang didasari atas doktrin positivisme hukum, serta studi kepustakan dari berbagai literatur hasil penelitian, buku, jurnal, dan bahan hukum lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain tindak lanjut living law dalam KUHP lebih tepat dilakukan dengan inventarisasi Kompilasi Hukum Adat sebagai kemudahan bagi aparat penegak hukum, terutama hakim untuk menyelesaikan perkara dengan menggali nilai-nilai keadilan, serta memudahkan pembentuk undang-undang untuk menemukan perbuatan yang akan diatur dalam peraturan perundang undangan di masa yang akan datang (ius constituendum).
Kata Kunci: Kompilasi Hukum Adat; Living Law; KUHP.

Daya Mengikat Pelaksanaan Production Sharing Contract Terkait Pengelolaan Minyak dan Gas Bumi di Indonesia

Dimas Hikari Achmad — 2024-07-30

Abstract
An agreement is a legal subject that has become a part of everyday life in society. A binding agreement for the makers. This is known as the pacta sun servanda principle. The agreement has binding power for the makers to be implemented. The management of oil and gas in Indonesia uses a Production Sharing Contract agreement. In the implementation of the Production Sharing Contract, there are still problems, especially related to the management of oil and gas in Indonesia. For this reason, in this paper we need to examine and analyze in more depth the binding power of an Agreement, the limitations of the Agreement, the implementation of the Agreement related to the management of oil and gas in Indonesia, and legal efforts to resolve disputes related to agreements in the oil and gas sector.
Keywords: Agreement; Production Sharing Contract; Oil and Natural Gas.

Abstrak
Suatu perjanjian merupakan sebuah subyek hukum telah menjadi bagian dari keseharian dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Perjanjian mengikat bagi para pembuatnya. Hal ini disebut dengan asas pacta sun servanda. Perjanjian memiliki daya mengikat bagi para pembuatnya untuk dapat dilaksanakan. Pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia menggunakan perjanjian Production Sharing Contract. Dalam pelaksanaan Production Sharing Contract masih sering menimbulkan permasalahan khususnya terkait pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia. Untuk itulah dalam tulisan ini perlu kita kaji dan analisa lebih mendalam terkait daya mengikat sebuah Perjanjian, batasan-batasan Perjanjian, pelaksanaan Perjanjian terkait pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia, dan upaya hukum penyelesaian sengketa terkait Perjanjian di sektor migas.
Kata Kunci: Perjanjian; Production Sharing Contract; Minyak dan Gas Bumi.

Pembaruan Hukum yang Inklusif: RKUHP sebagai Preservasi Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual dalam Tindak Pidana Perkosaan

Egi Fauzi — 2024-07-30

Abstract
For persons with intellectual disabilities, the formulation of the crime of rape in the Draft Criminal Code is a policy that can protect them from potential victims of the crime of rape, as if it were a gateway for asserting rights and an effort to end a series of cases that never ended. In fact, there are also many cases of rape that do not surface, but only become personal secrets and only those closest to them know. There is great hope and need for legal reform that is inclusive and sensitive to persons with intellectual disabilities. This is the main problem in this paper. The method used is the normative juridical method and to obtain the data used statutory studies and literature review. The results of the research show that the formulation of the crime of rape in the Draft Criminal Code brings a new and significant direction in the protection of persons with intellectual disabilities, this is also strengthened by the expansion of the definition of the crime of rape.
Keywords: Draft Criminal Code; rape crime; Persons with Intellectual Disabilities.

Abstrak
Bagi penyandang disabilitas intelektual, rumusan tindak pidana perkosaan dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana adalah suatu kebijakan yang bisa melindungi mereka dari potensi menjadi korban tindak pidana perkosaan, seakan menjadi gerbang dari penegasan hak dan menjadi sebuah upaya guna terentaskannya deretan kasus yang tidak pernah berhanti. Bahkan banyak juga kasus perkosaan yang tidak muncul ke permukaan, namun hanya menjadi rahasia pribadi dan keluarga terdekat saja yang tahu. Ada harapan besar dan kebutuhan dari pembaruan hukum yang inklusif dan sensitif kepada penyandang disabilitas intelektual. Hal inilah yang menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam tulisan ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dan untuk memperoleh data digunakan studi perundang- undangan dan telaah kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rumusan tindak pidana perkosaan dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana membawa arah baru dan signifikan dalam perlindungan penyandang disabilitas intelektual, hal tersebut diperkuat juga dengan adanya perluasan definisi dari tindak pidana perkosaan.
Kata Kunci: Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana; Tindak Pidana Perkosaan; Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual.

Perlindungan Hukum Ex-Ante dan Ex-Post Bagi Pemegang Saham Dalam Aksi Penambahan Modal Perusahaan Melalui Private Placement

Gerald Vivaldi Wardhana — 2024-07-30

Abstract
The efforts of company to increase capital are not limited to the public offerings, additional capital can be afforded by increasing capital through private placement. The mechanism for increasing capital through private placement needs to follow the rules and regulation for the benefit of all company organs and protection for shareholders, although the regulation regarding increasing capital through private placement are not regulated under Law on Limited Liability Companies and only regulated recently under the Regulation of Financial Services Authority (OJK). The mechanism for increasing capital through private placement does not always benefit all parties especially shareholder who do not have the right to buy the shares issued. Ex-post and ex-ante legal protection is needed to protect the rights of shareholders if the capital increasing action performed by the company.
Keywords: Private Placement; Company; Capital; Protection of Shareholders.

Abstrak
Upaya perseroan dalam melakukan penambahan modal tidak sebatas penawaran umum, penambahan modal dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan aksi penambahan modal melalui peivate placement. Mekanisme penambahan modal melalui private placement perlu mengikuti tahapan-tahapan sesuai aturan yang berlaku demi kepentingan seluruh organ perseroan dan perlindungan akan pemegang saham meskipun peraturan mengenai penambahan modal melalui private placement tidak diatur dalam Undang-Undang Tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan hanya diatur baru dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Mekanisme penambahan modal melalui private placement tidak selalu menguntungkan seluruh pihak, khususnya pemegang saham yang tidak memiliki hak untuk membeli saham yang dikeluarkan. Perlindungan hukum secara ex-post dan ex-ante sangat diperlukan demi melindungan hak pemegang saham apabila penambahan modal melalui private placement dilakukan peruisahaan.
Kata Kunci: Private Placement; Perseroan; Penambahan modal; Perlindungan Pemegang Saham.

Rejuvenasi Kekuasaan Kehakiman Representasikan Keadilan Lingkungan Di Tengah Krisis Iklim: Pembentukan The Environmental Court

Indriani Vicky Kartikasari — 2024-07-30

Abstract
Law enforcement in the realm of courts on environmental disputes is still weak. Many of the judges’ decisions have not been able to fulfill a sense of environmental justice, especially in the midst of the climate crisis. This research intends to analyze the urgency of rejuvenating judicial power through the establishment of the environmental court in enforcing environmental justice amid the climate crisis and the idea of rejuvenating judicial power through the establishment of the environmental court. This type of research is normative juridical. The results of the study indicate that there is an urgency to establish an environmental court amid the climate crisis to realize court decisions that have the spirit of environmental justice and human rights. The idea of establishing the environmental court was carried out through the reformulation of the Elucidation of Article 27 paragraph (1) of Law Number 48 of 2009.
Keywords: Judicial Power; Environmental Justice; Climate Crisis; The Environmental Court.

Abstrak
Penegakan hukum di ranah pengadilan pada sengketa lingkungan hingga saat ini masih lemah. Banyak putusan hakim dinilai belum mampu memenuhi rasa keadilan lingkungan khususnya di tengah krisis iklim. Padahal, hak untuk mendapatkan lingkungan yang sehat telah dijamin dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1) UUD NRI 1945. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis apa urgensi rejuvenasi kekuasaan kehakiman melalui pembentukan the environmental court dalam penegakan keadilan lingkungan di tengah krisis iklim, serta menjelaskan bagaimana gagasan rejuvenasi kekuasaan kehakiman melalui pembentukan the environmental court. Metode dalam penelitian ini yakni penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang, konseptual, dan komparatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa adanya urgensi pembentukan the environmental court di tengah krisis iklim guna mewujudkan putusan-putusan pengadilan yang bermarwah keadilan lingkungan dan HAM. Gagasan pembentukan the environmental court dilakukan melalui reformulasi Penjelasan Pasal 27 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman dan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pengadilan Lingkungan Hidup.
Kata Kunci: Kekuasaan Kehakiman; Keadilan Lingkungan; Krisis Iklim; The Environmental Court.

A New Challenge on Consumer Protection with Disclaimer Inclusion in E-Commerce Sites in Indonesia

Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah — 2024-07-30

Abstract
The development of information and technology has brought the economy to a new stage known as e-commerce. The presence of e-commerce also presents a new problem in society, namely the presence of a disclaimer. To examine these problems, this research uses normative legal research methods. This research shows that the disclaimer is a form of standard clause. As a form of e-commerce consumer protection, the standard clause must comply with the provisions regarding standard clauses as stipulated in statutory regulations. In Indonesia, e-commerce is regulated in Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. So, the implementation of the disclaimer in e-commerce transactions must be adjusted to the existing laws in Indonesia.
Keywords: E-Commerce; Disclaimer; Consumer Legal Protection.

To Get Rich is Glorious: Examining China’s Purpose of Wealth and its Implications for Indonesia

Sarah Fitriani Widodo — 2024-07-30

Abstract
This essay examines the impact of Deng Xiaoping’s “To Get Rich is Glorious” concept on China’s economic reforms and its subsequent influence especially in Indonesia. Originating in the late 1970s, this concept spurred economic growth, entrepreneurship, and international engagement in China. The analysis delves into the historical aspects and current economic connections between China and Indonesia. It unveils China’s substantial contribution to Indonesia’s progress in infrastructure, development, digitalization, and industrialization. While bilateral relations present opportunities, challenges such as Indonesia’s reliance on Chinese debt and diplomatic issues are acknowledged. Future outlooks underscore the importance of ongoing collaboration to foster Indonesia’s economic growth, all within the framework of its partnership with China. In essence, Deng’s concept has not just influenced China’s course, but has also left a lasting impact on Indonesia’s economic path.
Keywords: Deng Xiaoping; Economic Reforms; To Get Rich is Glorious.

Perjalanan RUU KUHP Sebagai Hukum Baru yang Selaras Dengan Konstitusi dan HAM

Winarno — 2024-07-30

Abstract
This study examines the journey of Indonesian Criminal Law and the government's efforts to improve the law in Indonesia and focuses on the journey of the new law (RUU KUHP). Indonesia is a legal state consisting of 1,340 ethnic groups which have different customs, norms, and customary laws. Indonesia was colonized by the Dutch for 350 years and the legacy of Dutch law is still attached to the Indonesian state, namely the Criminal Code (book of criminal law). The Criminal Code that is applied in Indonesia also comes from continental law known as wetboek van strafrecht and applies as positive law in Indonesia to this day. The renewal of the Criminal Code aims to realize national criminal law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution which is intended to replace the Criminal Code inherited from the Dutch Colonial State which is no longer in accordance with the times.
Keywords: RUUKUHP; renewal; Constitution; Criminal.

Abstrak
Kajian ini mengkaji perjalanan Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan upaya pemerintah untuk memperbaiki hukum di Indonesia dan menitikberatkan pada perjalanan hukum baru (RUU KUHP). Indonesia adalah negara hukum yang terdiri dari 1.340 suku bangsa yang memiliki adat istiadat, norma, dan hukum adat yang berbeda-beda. Indonesia dijajah Belanda selama 350 tahun dan warisan hukum Belanda masih melekat pada negara Indonesia yaitu KUHP (kitab hukum pidana). KUHP yang berlaku di Indonesia juga berasal dari hukum kontinental yang dikenal dengan wetboek van strafrecht dan berlaku sebagai hukum positif di Indonesia hingga saat ini. Pembaharuan KUHP bertujuan mewujudkan hukum pidana nasional berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 yang dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan KUHP warisan Negara Kolonial Belanda yang sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan perkembangan zaman.
Kata Kunci: RUUKUHP; Pembaharuan; Konstitusi; Pidana.

Back Matter Vol. 7 No. 3, Juli 2024

Back Matter — 2024-07-28

Back Matter Vol. 7 No. 3, Juli 2024