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Aquaculture Fish Health Management Aquatic Diversity and Abundance

Smart Automation of Salinity and Turbidity for Sustainable Aquaculture of Harpodon nehereus

Abdul Muis Prasetia
Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-1088
Gazali Salim
Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-905X
Linda Sartika
Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-8612
Mujiyanto Mujiyanto
Department research Research Centre for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Bogor, West Java, 16911. Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-0425
Julian Ransangan
Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, 88999, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1369-3024
Ariel E San Jose
Southern Philippines Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, 8012, Philippines
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3117-7728
Sitti Hartinah
Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Tegal 52121, Central Java, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-2040
Retno Hartati
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275. Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-5166
Rozi
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-1335

Corresponding Author(s) : Abdul Muis Prasetia

prasetia.electric@gmail.com

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 2025: IN PRESS ISSUE (JUST ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT, 2025)

Abstract

Graphical Abstract



 


Highlight Research


1. Model of growth and mortality of otek fish (Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837)) in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan.


2. Growth, mortality, and reproductive model of Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus, Hamilton 1822) in Juata Laut waters, North Kalimantan.


3. Growth pattern and the condition index of nomei fish Harpodon nehereus captured with mini trawl in Tarakan Waters.


4. Characteristics of Model Growth and Mortality of White Shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis de Man 1888) in The Estuaria of Bengara, Regency Bulungan.


5. Preliminary study on the domestication of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) from North Kalimantan, Indonesia.


 


Abstract


Automated water quality monitoring systems are urgently needed to ensure fish health and maintain aquaculture product quality. This study develops an adaptive microcontroller-based control system that automatically regulates salinity and turbidity to support the sustainable aquaculture of Harpodon nehereus. This study developed and evaluated a microcontroller-based system for automated regulation of salinity and turbidity in H. nehereus aquaculture ponds. Methods involved environmental observation, sensor calibration, system design, and field validation of a digital sensor-based water quality controller, tested in a pilot estuarine pond to keep salinity (~17‰) and turbidity (20-30 NTU) within optimal ranges. Calibration results obtained through linear regression analysis showed strong correlation with standard instruments (R² = 0.94 for salinity and R² = 0.93 for turbidity). Field trials demonstrated effective maintenance of turbidity within 22-27 NTU for 24 hours, and stepwise tests confirmed the system’s ability to track real-time salinity shifts. These results indicate that the microcontroller-based system effectively stabilises key water parameters for H. nehereus aquaculture and performs more efficiently than open systems. As one of the first integrated systems designed for automated salinity and turbidity regulation in estuarine aquaculture, it offers a practical and scalable approach to improve sustainability and ensure the food security of coastal fisheries. Future work should extend control to pH, DO, and temperature, refine calibration with predictive algorithms and wireless connectivity so that it can be used more widely in precision aquaculture with fish stocks.


 


 


 

Keywords

automated control domestication microcontroller-based system turbidity salinity
Prasetia, A. M. ., Gazali Salim, Linda Sartika, Mujiyanto Mujiyanto, Julian Ransangan, Ariel E San Jose, Sitti Hartinah, Retno Hartati, & Rozi. (2025). Smart Automation of Salinity and Turbidity for Sustainable Aquaculture of Harpodon nehereus. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan. Retrieved from https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/78793
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Author Biographies

Abdul Muis Prasetia, Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia

Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia

Gazali Salim, Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia

Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia

Linda Sartika, Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia

Borneo University, Tarakan, North Kalimantan, 77123. Indonesia

Mujiyanto Mujiyanto, Department research Research Centre for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Bogor, West Java, 16911. Indonesia

Department research Research Centre for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Bogor, West Java, 16911. Indonesia

Julian Ransangan, Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, 88999, Malaysia

Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, 88999, Malaysia

Ariel E San Jose, Southern Philippines Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, 8012, Philippines

Southern Philippines Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, 8012, Philippines

Sitti Hartinah, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Tegal 52121, Central Java, Indonesia

Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Tegal 52121, Central Java, Indonesia

Retno Hartati, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275. Indonesia

Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275. Indonesia

Rozi, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

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