Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan

Back Meter Vol 17 No 1

2025-02-10T19:44:40+07:00

DNA Barcoding of Freshwater Eels Anguilla spp from Kuari River Based on Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene

2024-03-25T06:50:05+07:00

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Freshwater eels in Kuari River consisted of two species marmorata and A. bengalensis
Anguilla marmorata had the highest similarity of 99.82%-100%, while bengalensis indicated the highest identity of 99.84%-100% to the same species in the GenBank database.
Phylogenetic species indicated that Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla bengalensis form two different sub-clusters.
The water quality in the Bengkulu Kuari River were still in tolerance for fish growth and survival.

Abstract

Freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) are classified in the family Anguillidae, and included in the catadromous group. This study aimed to determine the COI gene sequences of the mitochondrial DNA, analyze the genetic distances, and phylogenetics, and characterize the physical and chemical parameters of between freshwater eels habitat in the Kuari River Bengkulu. This research was conducted from November 2020 – April 2021. The methods used in barcoding eel species were DNA isolation, DNA amplification using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), electrophoresis, and sequencing of COI gene regions in mtDNA. The COI mtDNA gene fragments were obtained from PCR results with an annealing temperature of 50°C for 30 seconds in 35 cycles. BLASTn analysis of eel samples AM3 and AM4 had the highest similarity of 99.82%-100% to Anguilla marmorata, and samples AB2-AB5 indicated the highest identity of 99.84%-100% to Anguilla bengalensis. Phylogenetic species indicated that Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla bengalensis form two different sub-clusters. The water qualities in the Bengkulu Kuari River were temperatures 26.5-27.5^oC, pH 7.1-8.7, dissolved oxygen 6.19-9.54 mg L^-1, brightness 21-47 cm, ammonia 0.16-0.41 mg L^-1, total alkalinity 20–52 mg L^-1, TDS 33–49 mg L^-1, salinity 0.3-0.4 ppt and water velocity 0.5-0.8 ms^-1. The COI gene in DNA barcoding is very appropriate to be used for the identification of Anguilla spp species by comparing the DNA sequence of the COI gene with the existing database in the Genbank.

The Diversity and Distribution of Sponges in Three Different Islands at the Makassar Strait, Indonesia

2024-06-02T15:48:58+07:00

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Approximately 3978 sponge individuals were collected and grouped to 137 morphospecies, with 120 of these have been identified intothree classes, 17 orders, 40 families, and at least 70 genera.
Sponges in the Makassar Strait showed significant differences based on individual abundance data.
Pannikiang Island had the greatest abundance and diversity of sponges, and the lowest found in Gusung Toraja.
The sponge composition of the three islands indicated that neighboring islands do not guarantee high similarity.

Abstract

Sponges are an important and dominant component of marine benthos which are threatened due to global environmental degradation. To establish appropriate conservation policies, the diversity and distribution of sponge must be understood. Meanwhile, the availability of sponge diversity and distribution especially in the Makassar Strait, is still lacking. This study aimed to investigated the diversity and distribution of the sponges composition in coral reef ecosystems on three less-explored islands in the Makassar Strait (South and West Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia). Sponge assemblages were sampled at a depth of 5 m using Underwater Photo Transect method, with a total area of 15 m² at each site. We recorded a total of 137 morphospecies of sponges (N = 3978 individuals), 59 of which were restricted to Barrang Caddi, 39 to Gusung Toraja, and 92 to Pannikiang. Only 12 species were shared among all islands. We found ten morphological types of sponge, with the dominant type in all islands was encrusting. Our results showed that Pannikiang island represents the highest diversity and abundance of sponges, which had the largest area compared to the other islands and is surrounded by mangrove forests. There was a significant difference in species composition between Pannikiang and other islands.

Front Meter Vol 17 No 1

2025-02-07T23:18:44+07:00

Zoo Benthic Biodiversity as a Bioindicator in the Bengawan Solo Estuary

2024-04-15T07:29:09+07:00

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Highlight Research

Salinity is the critical influencing the distribution of macrobenthos species based on habitat (seawater and freshwater species) in estuaries.
The brackish water station exhibited the highest macrobenthos abundance, whereas the seawater station showed the highest meiobenthos abundance.
Corresponding water quality parameters markedly influenced the abundance of each benthic group.
The calculation of abundance and biological indexes classified the Bengawan Solo estuary as relatively stable.

Abstract

As key aquatic organisms, benthos are a reliable indicator of water quality owing to their relatively fixed habitats, limited mobility, and residence at the bottom of the water. This study aimed to analyze benthos’ biodiversity and community structure as bioindicators in the waters of the Bengawan Solo estuary that important for fishery activities conducted by local fishermen community. A descriptive analysis method was employed, involving identifying and analyzing benthos in density, biological indexes, and principal component analysis (PCA). The macrobenthos species composition consisted of Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Maxillopoda, Malacostraca, Polychaeta, and Clitellata while meiobenthos comprised Foraminifera, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, and Polychaeta. Macrobenthos density was 288 ind./m2, whereas meiobenthos density was 16 ind./10 cm2. Both macrobenthos and meiobenthos exhibited a moderate diversity index and a medium evenness index, although evenness values tended to be higher in macrobenthos. The dominance index for both macrobenthos and meiobenthos showed moderate values. PCA analysis revealed that macrobenthos, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, and Clitellata density was influenced by brightness and turbidity, Malacostraca and Maxillopoda density by salinity, and Polychaeta density by dissolved oxygen. In meiobenthos, Gastropoda and Foraminifera density was influenced by salinity, whereas Bivalvia and Polychaeta density was affected by brightness and turbidity. Density and biological index results indicate that the Bengawan Solo estuary is relatively stable.

A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1844) Through a Species Clarification of Lola Snail, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

2024-04-30T20:06:01+07:00

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Highlight Research

Lola snails originating from the Bangka Belitung Islands (Nasik Strait, Rebo Waters, and Ketawai Island) were identified as a maxima not to be R. nilotica species based on morphological molecular identification.
Maxima and R. nilotica have the same morphological form, but they are genetically different.
The clarification of the Lola snail species in this study serves as a reference in determining the conservation status of the Lola snail.
The clarification of the Lola snail species serves as a reference in determining the catch quota from the Bangka Belitung Islands.

Abstract

The use of Lola snails (Rochia maxima) in the Bangka Belitung has continued to increase. However, research focused on Lola snails originating from the Bangka Belitung has not been thoroughly conducted. In a previous study, the Lola snail sample found in the Bangka Belitung was Trochus niloticus (current name: Rochia nilotica). This study aimed to identify Lola snail species using the DNA barcoding as a way of clarifying Lola snail species that originated in the Bangka Belitung. Lola snail sampling was carried out at three locations, which were Nasik Strait, Ketawai, and Rebo Waters. This study was conducted through five stages, including Lola snail tissue sampling, DNA extraction, amplification by PCR, sequencing, and data analysis. The results showed that the molecular identification of the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) gene in Lola snail samples was identified as Rochia maxima species (Koch, 1844). The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Lola snails found in the Bangka Belitung were close to Tectus maximus (or Rochia maxima) species. R. maxima has a lighter shell than R. nilotica, a clear conical shape, and a circle on the body that does not widen at the edges. Unlike zoologists who said that R. maxima is the primitive form of R. nilotica, the present study found that they have the same morphology and are considered similar but genetically different. The clarification of Lola snail species can be used to determine the conservation status and catching quota of Lola snails from the Bangka Belitung.

Seabed Geoacoustic Analysis Using Scientific Single Beam Echosounder

2024-05-22T15:49:10+07:00

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Hydroacoustic technology was used to identify seabed substrates in real-time with the Simrad EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder.
Acoustic backscatter analysis classified seabed substrates into 9 sediment types, with reflection values ranging from -28.03 dB to -20.02 dB.
Machine learning models (k-NN and Random Forest) achieved 98.21% and 96.43% accuracy, enabling faster sediment classification than conventional methods.
Geoacoustic analysis revealed sound speed, sediment density, acoustic impedance, and reflection coefficients, defining the physical properties of the seabed.
This study supports coastal engineering, marine habitat conservation, and underwater geological mapping more effectively and efficiently.

Abstract

Hydroacoustic technology was able to quantify the seabed substrate and can be estimated accurately and near real time on the acoustic characters of each substrate. The purpose of the research was to identify the geoacoustic characteristics and spatial mapping of the seabed substrate in Lancang Island. Acoustic data was acquired using a Simrad EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder instrument operating at 200 kHz. Sediment samples were taken using an Ekman grab, which will be used to validate the acoustic data. The results of this study indicated that the acoustic backscatter values of the seabed substrate based on the surface backscattering strength value and sediment particle size at fourteen sampling stations are -28.03 decibels to -20.02 decibels divided into 9 sediment type groups, namely medium and very coarse sand mixture; medium sand; medium, fine and coarse sand mixture; medium and fine sand mixture; fine and medium sand mixture; medium and very fine sand mixture; very fine and medium sand mixture; fine and very fine sand mixture; and fine sand. The accuracy level of k-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest computational used has very good accuracy of 98.21 % and 96.43 % and Naevi Bayes has a lower accuracy of 58.93 %. The identified geoacoustic characteristics included the mean grain size, sound speed, density, acoustic impedance, and reflection coefficient. Faster, more effective, and efficient computational processes with high accuracy make k-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest models the best alternative to be used as geoacoustic computational models of seafloor substrates.

The Occurrences of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Species and Trophic Status Update in Kedung Ombo Reservoir

2024-03-26T07:38:48+07:00

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Highlight Research

Six harmful algal species were identified, with Aphanizomenon sp. being the most dominant, primarily from Cyanophyceae (blue-green algae).
Kedung Ombo Reservoir is eutrophic, with low transparency, low dissolved oxygen (DO), and high phosphate levels (0.10–0.88 mg/L) contributing to HABs.
Anthropogenic activities, including aquaculture, agriculture, and sewage, accelerate nutrient enrichment and phytoplankton overgrowth.
Trophic State Index (TSI) confirmed eutrophic conditions, with HABs abundance linked to high phosphate concentrations.
Urgent mitigation efforts like nutrient control, biomanipulation, and regular monitoring are needed to prevent further HABs outbreaks.

Abstract

Anthropogenic inputs affect the quality of freshwater ecosystems which causes ecological and health problems to aquatic ecosystems. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) associated with cyanotoxins often occur in nutrient-rich or eutrophic freshwater ecosystems. Kedung Ombo Reservoir in Indonesia has been previously classified as eutrophic to hypertrophic. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the occurrences of potential HABs species, measure the bio-physico-chemical water quality parameters, and update the trophic status of Kedung Ombo Reservoir. Sampling was done thrice during the dry season in 2022 from 5 stations. Twenty-two species of phytoplankton were observed in Kedung Ombo Reservoir. Anabaenopsis sp., Aphanizomenon sp., Ceratium sp., Mougeotia sp., Pandorina sp., and Ulothrix sp. were identified as potentially harmful species. Among those, the potentially HABs species, Aphanizomenon sp. was the most abundant (179,344 cells/L) and Cyanophyceae (205,539 cells/L) was the dominant group of phytoplankton. Kedung Ombo Reservoir had a water temperature of 29.49±0.41°C, phosphate of 0.27±0.25 mg/L, and alkaline pH of 7.90±0.39. Kedung Ombo Reservoir also had low transparency coupled with low dissolved oxygen concentration. The occurrences of HABs species were correlated with transparency and dissolved inorganic nutrients, especially phosphate concentrations. Kedung Ombo Reservoir showed eutrophic conditions based on Secchi depth, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, and TSI. Based on research findings, control and mitigation efforts are needed to overcome the eutrophication problems which disrupt the balance of the aquatic ecosystem in the Kedung Ombo Reservoir.

Biochemical Processes of Chlorella vulgaris and Their Impact on Chlorophyll Quality and Antioxidant Properties

2024-08-18T14:30:12+07:00

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Highlight Research

Chlorella indigenous from waters of Rokan River estuary was identified.
The using of 4 chemicals KNO₃, KH₂PO₄, MgSO₄.7H₂O and FeSO₄.7H₂O can reduce production cost and obtain an optimal medium formulation.
The manipulated media was obtained can replace the commercial media of Chlorella
Chlorella vulgaris contains high antioxidant activity.

Abstract

Chlorella is a microalga that is rich in chlorophyll and antioxidants so it has the potential to be a functional food or health supplement; however, the quality of Chlorella depends on the nutrient composition in cultivation. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of different formulations in Chlorella cultivation on the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and antioxidants. Furthermore, to analyse the profile of amino acids, fatty acids and secondary metabolism in the best formulation. The experimental design used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 formulations in Chlorella cultivation: F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, and F-5 by manipulating the use of 4 chemicals: KNO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O and FeSO4.7H2O. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that F-2 treatment with the use of 1.50 KNO3, 1.25 KH2PO4, 1 MgSO4.7H2O and 0.0498 FeSO4.7H2O (g/L) was the best treatment with the content of chlorophyll a 38.19 μg/mL, chlorophyll b 41.45 μg/mL, total chlorophyll 79.65 μg/mL, carotenoids 0.08 μg/mL, and antioxidants activity 49.52 mg/L (strong) which is the same as the F-1 treatment. In addition, Chlorella cultivated with the F-2 formula has 17 amino acid profiles with a total of 301.52 mg/g, 7 fatty acids 84.32 mg/g, and secondary metabolites, namely alkaloid 109.471 mg/L, flavonoid 82.111 mg/L, saponin 1342.222 mg/L, tannin 411,591 mg/L, and phenolic 151.889 mg/L. Therefore, the F-2 formulation can be developed for large-scale Chlorella cultivation and applied as a health supplement.

Effect of Crossbreeding on Fecundity, Growth Performance, and Heterosis of Black Tilapia, Red Tilapia, and Mozambique Tilapia Reared in Earthen Ponds in West Java, Indonesia

2024-04-12T09:36:16+07:00

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Highlight Research

The crossbred performance of the four tilapia strains showed diverse heterosis values, with some being better, worse, or the same as their parents.
Crossbred of black tilapia produced the best growth and fecundity performance.
A hybrid of Mozambique tilapia and black tilapia showed the highest mid-parent heterosis value on growth traits but produced negative heterosis on fecundity, biomass, and survival traits.
Crossbred of black tilapia and Mozambique tilapia have the potential to be used as candidates for cultivation and performance improvement through selection, although there are depressions and crossover advantages that are not prominent.

Abstract

Increased tilapia production is challenged by genetic decline. Hybridization efforts for performance improvement through a selection of the best parent and strain pairs were a promising option. The objective of this study was to evaluate the crossing of black tilapia, red tilapia, and Mozambique tilapia against the performance of fecundity, growth, and survival and estimate the value of heterosis. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with 3 replications with the treatment of different populations of crosses. The rearing activities were carried out in earthen ponds for 150 days with a stocking density of 10 fish/m². The parameters observed included egg fecundity, growth, survival, and the value of heterosis. The results showed that the fecundity and growth values of crossbred black tilapia were significantly higher than others (p<0.05). The highest survival rate was shown by crossing pure strains of red tilapia. The hybrid of Mozambique tilapia and black tilapia (♀ MJ x ♂ NW) showed the highest mid-parent heterosis value on growth characters but produced negative heterosis on characters, fecundity, biomass, and survival. Overall, the crossbred of black tilapia (♀BS x ♂ NW) performed better than the inbred strains, with positive mid-parent heterosis in all characters measured. These results indicate that crossbreeding has the potential to be used as a candidate for cultivation and performance improvement through selection, although there were depressions, and the superiority of the crosses was not prominent.

Growth and Survival Rate of Pocillopora spp. Fragments on Coral Tree and Coral Table Media in Semut Kecil Island, Anambas Islands

2024-05-16T19:17:30+07:00

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Pocillopora spp. grew faster on coral tree media (0.55 cm/month) than on coral table media (0.15 cm/month).
Survival rates were high, with 97.3% on coral trees and 87.0% on coral tables, proving both methods effective.
Coral growth on table media was slower due to sediment accumulation, while tree media provided more stable growth.
ANOVA analysis showed no significant effect of transplant media on growth and survival, confirming adaptability.
Both methods are viable for large-scale coral reef restoration, especially in the Anambas Islands and similar ecosystems.

Abstract

Pulau Semut Kecil, Anambas Islands, are located within the coral reef triangle, as one of the largest Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Indonesia. Coral reefs possess significant functional attributes within ecosystems, and their condition is progressively deteriorating due to anthropogenic activities. This situation necessitates restoration endeavors, primarily through coral transplantation methodologies. The methods involved the introduction or relocation of donor corals into substrates such as tree transplantation media and tables, exhibiting high success rates. This study was conducted to determine the growth and survival rate of Pocillopora spp. The direct survey approach was used and the different coral transplanting media were statistically analyzed with the ANOVA test and SPSS software. The results of the growth of coral fragments Pocillopora spp. Reported coral tree media and table with an average value of 0.55 cm/month and 0.15 cm/month. The survival rate of Pocillopora spp. coral fragments in tree media and table was 97.3% and 87.0%. The media for dropping coral trees and table did not affect the growth and survival rate. This coral transplantation method can facilitate for the restoration of degraded ecosystem and ecological succession.

Isolation of Lytic Bacteriophages infected Indonesian-strain Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its Protective Effects on Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.)

2025-01-16T10:46:27+07:00

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Highlight Research

vB_Vp_TSK01 and vB_Vp_JKT02 a specific parahaemolyticus bacteriophage were isolated from the shrimp aquaculture water.
Compared to control vB_Vp_TSK01 reduced 11.46±1.35% of bacterial growth, and by 9.86±5.92% for vB_Vp_JKT02 treatment.
Their cocktail had the highest parahemolyticus growth inhibition by 30.92±3.89%.
The phage treatment increased the survival of the Artemia by 28.57% compared to infection control.

Abstract

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) caused by V. parahaemolyticus infection was one of the major diseases in shrimp culture in recent years. The Vibrio could also affect the survival of Artemia as the shrimp’s main live feed in the hatchery and they become the possible carrier for the AHPND. Phage therapy in shrimp aquaculture could reduce the application of the antibiotic as an antibacterial agent for the AHPND. The present study aimed to isolate the specific lytic phage for the Indonesian strain of V. parahaemolyticus (Vp) and evaluate the phage therapy for the brine shrimp Artemia infected with the Vp. The Vp-specific phage was isolated from the shrimp farm’s water at Tasikmalaya, and North Jakarta City, Indonesia. After isolation and plaque assay, brine shrimp were used as a model to evaluate the phages’ anti-Vibrio activity The Vp-lytic phage was successfully isolated from shrimp culture water at North Jakarta and Tasikmalaya (Vb_Vp_TSK01 and Vb_Vp_JKT01, respectively) and the results showed that both isolated phages and their cocktails were capable to inhibit the growth of Vp with the highest inhibition shown at the cocktail treatment (p<0.05). The survival of Artemia was higher in the phage treatments (p<0.005) compared to the infected control. Infected control had 68.33% of brine shrimp survival, and the Vb_Vp_TSK01, Vb_Vp_JKT01, and their cocktail had similar average brine shrimp survival of 91.11%. In conclusion, phage therapy proved effective in preventing vibriosis in brine shrimp under the conditions tested.

Development of GIS-Based Pangasius Aquaculture Areas Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, Indonesia

2024-04-03T06:27:10+07:00

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

The author mentioned four highlights from their research:

1. GIS and AHP were integrated to assess land suitability for Pangasius aquaculture in Tulungagung Regency.

2. 59% of the region (976,885.71 ha) was identified as suitable or highly suitable for aquaculture expansion.

3. Water quality, soil conditions, and infrastructure were key factors influencing aquaculture feasibility.

4. Sustainable planning is needed to balance aquaculture expansion with existing land uses like agriculture and settlements.

5. The GIS-based model serves as a policy tool for efficient and sustainable Pangasius aquaculture development.

Abstract

Tulungagung Regency in East Java Province has an export demand of 300,000-400,000 tons per year. The high demand for exports spurred the people and government of Tulungagung Regency to develop pangasius aquaculture areas. This will have a negative impact if carried out without a land suitability assessment. The study aimed to analyze the parameters of pangasius aquaculture and map the potential areas for pangasius aquaculture using AHP and GIS-based analysis. This research was conducted from January to August 2022 in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. Several stages were carried out, including primary data collection (water quality, soil quality, and infrastructure), secondary data collection (literature, reports, fisheries statistics data, government statistical data, and journals/articles), application of land suitability assessment, and pangasius farming area suitability analysis. Land suitability analysis consists of measuring water quality parameters (DO, temperature, TDS, pH, ammonia, and nitrate), soil quality (texture, pH, and slope), and infrastructure (roads, markets, hatcheries, and fillet factories) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method (AHP), which includes standardization, determination of weights, and combining the weights of land suitability maps, which are then mapped by ArcGIS Software. Most of the land conditions for the pangasius aquaculture areas in Tulungagung Regency are moderately suitable, suitable, and most suitable, with percentages of 30, 21, and 28%. The area that can be developed for pangasius aquaculture is 976885.71 ha, with the most suitable category being 2619.35 ha, the appropriate category being 2235.74 ha, and the most suitable category being 4913.77 ha.

Quality and Shelf Life Assessment of Modified Pekasam Ale-ale (Meretrix meretrix)

2024-04-15T07:32:30+07:00

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Highlight Research

Pekasam ale-ale is spontaneously fermented ale-ale (Meretrix meretrix) flesh with fine salt and incubated for 3-7 days.
Modified pekasam ale-ale prepared by adding 155 g of garlic powder into the original pekasam ale-ale showed the best acceptability and had a different quality than the original pekasam ale-ale.
The best maturity time and the predicted shelf life for modified pekasam ale-ale fell on days 40 and 60, respectively.
Garlic powder has successfully improved the taste and aroma of modified pekasam ale-ale.

Abstract

Pekasam ale-ale is spontaneously fermented ale-ale (Meretrix meretrix) flesh with fine salt and carbohydrates, such as sugar, rice porridge or angkak (red fermented rice) followed by incubation for 3-7 days. This product has a slightly fishy odour based on the communities’ opinion at Ketapang and its unknown shelf life. The original recipe added granulated sugar and garlic powder might be able to remove the fishy odour. The effects of the addition of both ingredients are still unknown for the quality, consumer acceptability and shelf life. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality and shelf life of pekasam ale-ale added granulated sugar and garlic powder based on sensory, physicochemical and microbiological profiles. Three recipes for this study were A (1 kg of fresh ale-ale flesh, 400 g of fine salt), B (recipe A, 200 g of granulated sugar, 55 g of garlic powder), and C (recipe A, 200 g of granulated sugar, 125 g of garlic powder) then tested physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties. The water content, pH, and free fatty acids of A, B, and C differ significantly except for the ash content. All recipes were safe for consumption based on their physicochemical and microbiological properties. The best taste and aroma were awarded to C and B, respectively. The best acceptance score was awarded for C, with days 40 and 60 for the best maturity and shelf life, respectively. In conclusion, garlic powder successfully enhances the taste and aroma and reduces the fishy aroma of pekasam ale-ale.

Concentration and Distribution of Oligochaeta Worms in the Waters of Kejapanan, Pasuruan, Indonesia Polluted by Mercury Waste using DNA Barcode

2024-05-19T16:04:26+07:00

Graphical Abstract

Higlight Research

Based on AAS test, results showed that the St2 sample has the highest concentration of mercury compared to other locations. St2 samples are samples taken right at the pollutant source.
The results showed that the samples consist of the Nadidae family with two species, namely Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Branchiura sowerbyi.
The COI gene that was successfully amplified had a length of approximately 700 bp using a 3000 bp DNA ladder as a comparison.
Based on the results of the SEM-EDX test, the worm samples contained several elements. The majority of them are organic except Al, Si, and Ti. Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), and Titanium (Ti) are metals that are used by organisms.

Abstract

Physiological monitoring of mercury waste contamination can be carried out using the biota around the waters. This study aims to identify concentration of Hg and the types of worms in the waters of Kejapanan, Pasuruan, East Java with a molecular approach. Target gene amplification was carried out using the mitochondrial genome COI barcode primer. Analysis of molecular identification was performed with DNA analysis and phylogenetic, similarity, DNA sequence variation, genetic distance, and the BOLD System. The concentration Hg was analyzed using AAS and the distribution of mercury in the worms was analyzed using SEM Edax Mapping. The results showed that the pollutant source area (St₂ sample) has the highest concentration of mercury compared to other locations. The results of molecular identification indicate the formation of two clusters. The amplified samples produced DNA bands according to the target (600-700 bp), and the process was continued with morphological-based-key identification. The results showed that they consist of the family Nadidae with two species, namely Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Branchiura sowerbyi. A DNA length of 709 bp as well as nucleotide composition. BLAST results showed that species L. hoffmeisteri and B. sowerbyi had similarity indexes of 99% and 86%, respectively. Based on the research results, it was found that there was an accumulation of mercury exposure in worms in polluted areas. For this reason, the results of this study can provide a novelty that worms can be used as biomonitoring of water pollution using the barcode data.

Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature Analysis Based on Shark Fishing Ground Landed at the Fish Landing Base of Ujong Baroh, West Aceh

2024-03-26T09:06:22+07:00

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Highlight Research

The number of shark catches in the eastern season was 618.
Sharks landed at PPI Ujong Baroh in six species (Sphyma lewini, Alopias pelagicus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Loxodon macrorhinus, Carcharhinus sorrah, and Chiloscyllium punctatum).
The distribution of chlorophyll-a parameters in the eastern season ranges from 0.08 to 1.23 mg/m³ with an average value of 0.17 mg/m³.
The distribution of sea surface temperature parameters in the eastern season ranges from 27.65 to 30.29^oC with an average value of 28.65^o
Based on linear regression analysis, sharks are most highly influenced by chlorophyll-a oceanographic parameters, namely Loxodon macrorhinus by 72.82%, and sharks are highest influenced by sea surface temperatures, namely Alopias pelagicus by 83.12%.

Abstract

Sharks are top-tier water predators that can maintain marine ecology balance and control the food web. As sharks are at the top of the food chain, their overfishing can disrupt the ecosystem chain. The distribution and abundance of fish in waters can be influenced by several factors of oceanographic parameters, including chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST). The use of satellite imagery for analyzing chlorophyll-a and SST parameters provides significant results in fisheries oceanographic studies. This study aimed to determine the effect of chlorophyll-a and SST parameters on shark catches. The method in this study was divided into 2 stages, namely taking shark fishing area coordinate data and downloading chlorophyll-a as well as SST satellite image data on the NASA Aqua-MODIS website. The results of the of the analysis of chlorophyll-a distribution in the eastern season ranged from 0.08 to 1.23 mg/m³with an average value of 0.17 mg/m³, where the highest was 1.23 mg/m³ in September and the lowest was 0.08 mg/m³ in August. The SST distribution ranged from 27.65 to 30.29^oC with an average of 28.65^oC, the highest was 30.29^oC in August and the lowest was 27.65^oC in September. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, the highest shark catch was influenced by chlorophyll-a, namely Loxodon macrorhinus shark, by 72.82%, the highest shark catch type was influenced by SPL, namely Alopias pelagicus shark, by 83.12%, and the rest was influenced by other parameters.

Isolation of H2S-generating Bacterium (Desulfovibrio sp.) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus From Aquatic Farming and In Vitro Evaluation of the Ability of Bacteriophages as Biocontrol

2024-04-26T10:13:46+07:00

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Highlight Research

H₂S-generating bacterium (Desulfovibrio) and Vibrio sp. Were idenfied and surveyed its charecteristics.
Bacteriophages, ɸTT1H, ɸTT2H, and ɸA2223, could reduce Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Vibrio parahaemolyticus colony sizes and change the bacterial shapes.
The bacteriophages could not reduce Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Vibrio parahaemolyticus colony quantity.
The bacteriophages affected neither the nucleotide sequence ToxR genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus nor the 16S rRNA of Desulfovibrio vulgaris.

Abstract

Shrimp farming is an important industry in many countries. However, the leftover feed in shrimp ponds can create harmful compounds like H₂S and provide a breeding ground for Vibrio bacteria, which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat this disease, but they can lead to bacterial resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, using bacteriophages as a treatment option is a more sustainable approach. The present study aimed to isolate H₂S-generating bacteria and bacteriophages capable of inhibiting Vibrio sp. and Desulfovibrio sp. from shrimp pond water. Bacteria were identified through biochemical and molecular biology tests. The study utilized plaque and spread methods to observe changes in bacterial number and colony morphology. The study successfully isolated the bacterial strain Desulfovibrio vulgaris (12D) from shrimp ponds. Three potential bacteriophage strains, ɸTT1H, ɸTT2H, and ɸA2223, were identified that have the ability to inhibit Desulfovibrio vulgaris and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria by altering the size, shape, and number of colonies in treatments supplemented with phages. Although they do not alter the nucleotide sequence of these two bacterial strains, they still have a significant effect on controlling the bacterial population. Among the three potential bacteriophage lineages, ɸTT2H was able to inhibit Desulfovibrio vulgaris, reducing the colony quantity by 2.9%. This research allowed researchers to apply bacteriophages to shrimp culture.

Purification of Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents with Varied Hydrogen Bond Donor

2024-03-26T10:06:37+07:00

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NaDES-based purification offers a sustainable and cost-effective method for extracting phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis.
ChCl:Citric Acid (NaDES) achieved 2.3-fold purity (71.83%), surpassing ammonium sulfate precipitation (70.15%).
Phycocyanin retained its structural integrity, with enhanced antioxidant activity (IC50 = 40.54 ppm) post-purification.
The aqueous two-phase system (ATPs) efficiently separated impurities, improving extraction scalability.
This method supports applications in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional food industries as a green alternative.

Abstract

Phycocyanin, a pharmacologically potent blue pigment extracted from Spirulina platensis, requires optimal purity for effective utilization. Traditional purification methods, although effective, are impeded by time and cost constraints. Addressing this challenge, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPs) incorporating natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) emerge as promising alternatives. These systems offer operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness, ensuring efficient purification with high purity and optimal recovery of phycocyanin. This study investigated the impact of various types of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) within choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) on the purification of phycocyanin. Phycocyanin was extracted from Spirulina platensis biomass through ultrasonication and purified using an aqueous two-phase system with various HBD of NaDES, including urea, glycerol, and citric acid. The experimental design adhered to a completely randomized design. The initial purity index and yield of crude extract phycocyanin were 0.54±0.02 and 12.79±0.27%, respectively. The NaDES system with ChCl:citric acid exhibited superior performance, demonstrating a high purity index and recovery (2.3-fold, 71.83±2.36%) compared to ammonium sulfate (1.5-fold, 70.15±4.10%). The obtained phycocyanin was partially pure compared to commercial phycocyanin (purity index: 1.60), as indicated by SDS-PAGE. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of phycocyanin was enhanced post-purification, evident in the IC₅₀ value of 40.54 ppm. In summary, organic acid-based NaDES has proven effective in increasing the purity and achieving a significant recovery percentage of phycocyanin compared to conventional ammonium sulfate methods. The antioxidant activity of phycocyanin was enhanced after purification. These results indicate the promising potential of NaDES-based ATP systems for producing functional protein-based ingredients, exemplified by phycocyanin.

The Response to Fishing Decisions and Changes in Fishing Income during Extreme Weather: A Behavioural Economy Study of Small-Scale Coastal Fisher Households

2024-06-02T15:57:16+07:00

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1. Fishermen continue fishing during extreme weather despite higher risks and reduced income to sustain their households.

2. Fishing decisions are influenced by education, engine power, and income potential, while experience and family size have less impact.

3. Fishing income declines significantly in extreme weather, with fuel costs being the main factor affecting profits.

4. Adaptation strategies include income diversification, adjusting fishing locations, and modifying gear to cope with climate uncertainties.

5. Policies should support climate adaptation, financial security, and alternative livelihoods for small-scale fishing communities.

Abstract
Extreme weather, attributed to global climate change, has altered the economic behaviour of small-scale fishing households in coastal areas. This study aims to analyse the economic behaviour of fishermen by investigating their fishing decisions using a logistic regression model using the maximum likelihood estimation method and their fishing business income through a normalized profit function. The research employed a quantitative research method with a survey approach conducted in the western coastal region of Barru Regency, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of 209 fishing households. The findings reveal that fishermen fish during extreme weather conditions to meet their household's economic needs, even though their earnings are diminished. Various factors, including the power of the boat engine, fishermen's age and education level, and the potential income from fishing, influence the decision to fish during extreme weather. Additionally, engine fuel prices, education levels, and the number of dependents in the family also impact fishers' income during extreme weather. The most important factor influencing the decision to fish in extreme weather conditions is formal education. Another factor that has the greatest impact on fishermen's income, both in the fishing season and during extreme weather, is the price of engine fuel. Fishermen can adapt to events triggered by extreme weather by implementing specific strategies. For instance, diversifying income by aquaculture production can be an alternative to sea fishing. Diversifying the types of fishing gear to accommodate different weather conditions is equally crucial. Fishing periods and locations can be adjusted to align with prevailing weather conditions. The contribution and significance of this research is to provide insight and understanding of the impact of extreme weather on fishing decisions and changes in the income of capture fishermen. This condition is the economic behaviour of small-scale fishing households in coastal areas when faced with extreme weather events.

Framework for Sustainable Management of Shellfish Resources Based on Eco-Biology and Socio-Economic Conditions in Sedati, Sidoarjo, Indonesia

2024-09-27T18:23:11+07:00

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Sustainable Management: Developing strategies for the long-term sustainability of shellfish resources in Sedati, Sidoarjo.
Eco-Biological Considerations: Emphasizing the role of ecological and biological factors in managing shellfish populations.
Socio-Economic Integration: Balancing economic activities and community welfare with the preservation of shellfish resources.
Regional Focus: Tailoring management practices specifically to the unique environmental and social conditions of Sedati, Sidoarjo.

Abstract

Sedati is one of the subdistricts producing fishery products, namely milkfish, shrimp, and shellfish. Some of the products are further processed generate long-term income. Economic variables profoundly influence shellfish harvesting, as heightened catches immediately enhance fishermen's revenue. Nonetheless, increased income may lead to intensified fishing activities, potentially jeopardizing the viability of shellfish populations if not adequately regulated. This study develop to the framework for sustainable management of shellfish resources based on eco-biology and socio-economic conditions. This research used a survey research method with primary and secondary data. The samples collected from this study were spread across 224 respondents who are fishermen. The hauling process is carried out while catching shellfish 100-150 times. Shellfish fishing activities are carried out 20–26 days a month. This study found that catch factors having no significant effect on sustainable fisheries management, ecological factors and shellfish capture and sustainable fisheries and sustainable fisheries management social factors and the capture of shellfish. Biological factors and shellfish catchment and management economic factors influence the shellfish capture showed significant influence on the fisheries management. The development of this model can serve as a benchmark for shellfish fishing activity in this coastal water. Overfishing or activities in this area can be monitored using this model. The purpose is to control or monitor the stock and the inventory of the shellfish fisheries to preserve them for further use. Economic factors have a significant effect on shellfish caching because the more shellfish caught, the income of shellfish fishermen will directly increase, economic factors also have a significant influence on the sustainable management of shellfish. The greater the income of fishermen, the greater the availability of shellfish stocks will be because the fishing effort carried out by fishermen will be massive. This research in the future can provide information on how to balance ecological, economic, and social factors to ensure the long-term viability of shellfish populations and the ecosystem support.

Optimization of Effervescent Tablets in Sensory Acceptance from the Active Ingredients of Fish Protein Hydrolysate and Microalgae Chlorellae sp. powder

2024-05-26T18:30:07+07:00

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1. FPH and Chlorella sp. microalgae can be used as effervescent tablet ingredients received by panelists.

2. The mixture design method can determine the formula of effervescent tablets made from a combination of FPH and microalgae

3. The best percentage of FPH and microalgae in effervescent tablets was 5.873% and 9.127%.

Abstract

Effervescent tablets are a promising delivery system for functional food ingredients, offering convenience and enhanced consumer appeal. This study aimed to optimize effervescent tablet formulations incorporating Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) and Chlorella sp. powder using the d-optimal mixture design method. Thirteen formulations were evaluated for sensory attributes (color, aroma, taste, aftertaste, hedonic scores) and chemical properties (protein, lipid, water content). The optimal formulation, consisting of 5.873% FPH and 9.127% Chlorella sp. powder, significantly improved sensory acceptance (p < 0.05), validated by a robust statistical model (R2 = 0.93). Proximate analysis confirmed the nutritional value, with protein contents of 19.60% and 47.68% in FPH and Chlorella sp., respectively, along with flavonoids (2.69%) in Chlorella sp.. These results demonstrate the successful integration of bioactive compounds into effervescent formulations, addressing consumer demand for sustainable and health-promoting products. This research provides a framework for developing innovative functional food products, contributing to the global advancement of nutraceuticals and sustainable food solutions. Future studies should focus on long-term stability, bioavailability, and consumer acceptability to enhance the commercialization potential of these effervescent tablets.