Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan

Back Meter Vol 16 No 2

Rozi — 2024-10-23

Microplastics Contamination of Mackerel and Red Snapper as Commercial Fish from the Takalar Fish Landing, Indonesia

Sita — 2024-06-18

Highlight Research

1. Microplastics were counted and identified based on their shape, size, and color

2. The particles were clarified using FTIR and confirmed to be microplastics based on the type of polymer.

3. The tissue destruction method is more effective with heating treatment.

4. Methods to prevent contamination are implemented so that the research results are guaranteed to be accurate.

Abstract

Microplastics can be ingested by marine organisms, including fish. Although it has been widely reported, further information regarding microplastic contamination in commercial fish is still needed. This study aimed to analyze the presence and concentration of microplastics in the digestive tract of the mackerel R. kanaguarta and red snapper L. gibbus and to identify the shape, size, color, and type of microplastic polymer. Digestion of the organic materials was performed using a 10% KOH solution, which was then filtered using a vacuum filtration system. The particles were observed using an Olympus microscope and clarified using FTIR. The results of the research showed that R. kanaguarta and L. gibbus landed at the Beba Fish Landing Base (PPI Beba) Takalar were contaminated with microplastics with a microplastic concentration in R. kanaguarta 0.21 ± 0.06 particles/g and L. gibbus 0.11 ± 0.04 particles/g. The microplastics found were fiber and fragment of varying colors, such as black, white, red, and yellow. The size of microplastics was dominant in the size class < 2 mm. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of polypropylene (PP), Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer, Nylon, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyester (PES). This study showed that both commercial fish species were contaminated with microplastics. These findings suggest that microplastics are widespread and contaminate commercial fish caught from Takalar waters. Further research is still needed on other seafood from this region, and analysis of polymer types such as FTIR is important to carry out as one of the standard methods in microplastic research.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Amphidromous Goby (Stiphodon semoni) in Western Part of Southern Java Waters

Ahmad Romdon — 2024-08-30

Graphical Abstract

Research Highlight

The genetic diversity of Stiphodon semoni is high.
All populations have high haplotype diversity except for Cimaja.
No genetic structure is observed within the populations of semoni.
The population of semoni has undergone demographic expansion.
Cibareno River has the potential to be a protected area.

Abstract

Fishing activities negatively impact fish populations, potentially causing a decline in fish stocks. Nevertheless, ensuring diversity and connectivity among populations can mitigate these adverse effects. To evaluate the connectivity of river mouths in the western part of Southern Java waters, we sequenced forty Stiphodon semoni individuals from five populations using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 as molecular markers. The study revealed that S. semoni populations showed high diversity (0.821), with the population in Cimaja displaying the lowest diversity (0.464). Furthermore, the result of the analysis of molecular variance was a Fst value of 0.0630 with a p-value of 0.22. These results along with the result of the haplotype network indicated no significant genetic differences among these populations. This implies that the river mouths in the western part of Southern Java waters are interconnected. The distribution of mismatches showed a single peak, indicating that the populations have undergone demographic expansion. This information could be valuable for the conservation and management of S. semoni in the western part of the Southern Java waters.

Growth Performance, Antioxidants, Intestinal Microbial Composition and Histological Effect of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through diets Enriched to Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum) Extracts

Hassan. A. Fazaa — 2024-07-26

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

PPE supported the growth indices like final weight, weight gain, SGR, and FCR.
PPE affected the total aerobic bacteria or total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count, but the enteric gram-negative bacteria count was significantly reduced in the experimental groups.
Add PPE caused a reduced total fungi count in all treated fish.
The histological examination showed enlargement of the villi, depth of the villi, and an increase in goblet cells for the treatments supplemented with PPE.

Abstract

Pomegranate is considered one of the medicinal herbs rich in antioxidants that can be used in aquaculture to support immunity and health. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain the impact of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) extract (PPE) on growth performance, the intestinal bacteria count, the total number of fungi and the histological analysis of the grass carp. 105 fingerlings (11.04±0.22g) were distributed among 21 aquariums (60-L) in a completely randomised design (triplicated) and fed diets containing 0, 0.5, and 1% PPE for 70 days at a feeding rate of 3% body weight. A spectrophotometry assessment indicated for PPE that the total phenol content was 151.09 and 175.95 GAE/100 g, and the flavonoid content was 36.04 and 42.89 RE/100 g, respectively. The results of the present work revealed that growth indicators (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) increased (P<0.05) in the PPE group in comparison to the control group. PPE had an impact on the total count of aerobic bacteria or lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but the experimental treatments dramatically decreased the amount of enteric gram-negative bacteria (P<0.05). The total fungi count showed a significant increase in all treated fish (P<0.05). Also, histological examination showed improvement and elongation of the villi, and an increase in goblet cells for the treatments supplemented with PPE. Therefore, it is recommended to use PPE (0.5%) as a diet additive for grass carp to improve their growth performance and health.

Growth patterns and ecological classification of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) in the Mamis River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Yusrizal Akmal — 2024-05-12

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

1. Tor tambra is the most dominant species other Tor species in Aceh Province, Indonesia.

2. The population of T. tambra has decreased significantly due to overfishing and environmental destruction.

3. This research aims to examine the habitat characteristics, growth patterns and condition factors of T. tambra.

4. Analysis of the length weight relationship of T. tambra revealed that the condition of the fish was stable .

Abstract

This research was aimed to examine the habitat characteristics, growth patterns and condition factors of T. tambra in the Mamis River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Aceh, Indonesia. This research was conducted on the Mamis River in three different river conditions from July to August 2023. The ecological parameters of T. tambra were conducted by observing the main, broodstock, spawning, and nursery ground habitats based on diversity of catch size at a location, water quality, aquatic substrate, aquatic vegetation, and water shade. The growth pattern parameter was also analyzed to reveal the condition of T. tambra. The T. tambra habitat in the Mamis River includes broodstock and spawning habitat with the criteria from small to large rocks overgrown with Bryophytes, gravel and sand substrates, clear water color, slow to swift water currents, and river environment most of it is primary forest. In the main habitat, there is dominant riparian vegetation in the form of forest timber trees such as Pometia pinnata, Ficus fistulosa, Hydnocarpus castanea, and Aglaia tomentosa. The habitat for the juvenile is in the form of rocks, gravel substrate, clear water color, and fast water currents. In the nursery habitat, the dominant riparian vegetation is Balakata baccata. Based on the results of water quality analysis at the three stations, it shows that temperature, pH, DO, currents, BOD, COD are significantly different, but brightness levels are not significantly different. Based on the analysis of the length-weight relationship, it shows that the condition of the fish is stable with sufficient food availability.

Production, Diversity, and Distribution of Aquaculture Commodities in Tuban, Indonesia

Syifania Hanifah Samara — 2024-05-12

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Tuban (Indonesia) aquaculture commodities are surveyed.
Aquaculture diversity in Tuban are consisted of 5 fields, namely rice field ponds, floating net cages, freshwater ponds, and brackish aquaculture ponds
Aquaculture commodities in Tuban consist of 11 families and 14 species of the main aquatic production.
Cyprinus carpio or common carp is one of the commodities cultivated in four different aquacultures.

Abstract

Fishery is a sector expected to overcome the food crisis. Indonesia is one of the leading countries in high volumes of fishery production in most of its areas, including the Regency of Tuban in East Java Province. The area of Tuban Regency is 1,839.94 km² with the coastline covers 65 km and a sea area of 22,608 km². This study aims to provide information regarding aquaculture production, diversity, and distribution in Tuban. This study used a survey method in collecting fishery commodity data directly from aquaculture areas. The results of this study showed that the highest production came from the brackish water with a value of 32.46% (13,561.79 tons), followed by rice field pond (27.79% or 11,612.45 tons), freshwater pond (25.76% or 10,764.62 tons), floating net cage (13.97% or 5,836.59 tons), and marine (0.1% or 5.67 tons). Aquaculture biodiversity in Tuban consisted of 11 families and 14 species of the main aquatic produces, such as Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio, Barbonymus gonionotus, Parastromateus niger), Clariidae (Clarias bathracus), Pangasiidae (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), Penaeidae (Penaeus monodon, Litopenaeus vannamei), Channidae (Channa striata), Cichlidae (Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mosammbicus), Osphronemidae (Osphronemus gourami), Serranidae (Epinephelus), Lutjanidae (Lutjanus), and Chanidae (Chanos chanos). Cyprinus carpio or common carp is fish cultivated in four different aquacultures, namely rice field pond, floating net cages, freshwater ponds, and brackish aquaculture ponds. Unfortunately, the diversity and production of marine aquaculture has not been improved even though Tuban has large marine areas.

Saltwater Fish Powder for Amelogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio)

Sandy Christiono — 2024-05-15

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

1. The saltwater fish powder is rich in omega3, vitamin D, and calcium which helps tooth amelogenesis.

2. LC50 Toxicity Test was carried out using zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) with negative control, positive control using 3,4-dichloroanilin, and treatment groups with saltwater fish powder solution in 6 different concentration.

3. No signs of zebrafish embryo mortality or developmental abnormalities on treatment group from the lowest (125Î¼g/ml) nor highest concentration (4000Î¼g/ml).

4. Saltwater fish powder has proven lack of toxicity.

Abstract

Many nutrients found in saltwater fish are thought to promote amelogenesis in ameloblast cells during tooth development. Although its toxicity is uncertain, saltwater fish powder provided benefits for amelogenesis. Zebrafish embryos have complex metabolic pathways and comprehensive physiological reactions. The LC₅₀ toxicity of saltwater fish powder on zebrafish embryos was investigated in this study. The aim of the of the study is to determine the effect of LC₅₀ toxicity on saltwater fish powder on zebrafish embryos. The experimental research method was a post-test-only control group design, consisting of eight groups, namely the negative control and the internal group using embryo media, the positive control using 3,4-dichloroanillin, and the treatment group 125Î¼g / ml, 250Î¼g / ml, 500Î¼g / ml, 1000Î¼g / ml, 2000Î¼g / ml, and 4000Î¼g / ml using 384 zebrafish embryos. Saltwater fish powder is diluted and observed for 96 hours, controlled every 24 hours. It was found that saltwater fish powder was not toxic because there were no dead zebrafish embryos from various concentrations, negative control, and internal control.

Front Meter Vol 16 No 2

Rozi — 2024-10-23

Morphometrics and Growth Patterns of Squids in the North and South Coasts of Java, Indonesia

Ayu Ervinia — 2024-05-20

Highlight Research

The mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis), the Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvaucelii), and the purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) were identified.
Morphometric differences among three squid species were analyzed.
Microanatomy observations on the shapes of the sucker rings were important for species identification.
Hypoallometric and isometric growth patterns were observed.

Abstract

Squids play vital ecological and economic functions as keystone species in marine food webs and integral components of global capture fisheries. However, a comprehensive understanding of their diversity and life history characteristics in Indonesian waters is still poorly understood. This study aimed to identify squids that inhabited Java's northern and southern coasts and examine their growth pattern through morphometric analysis. Six hundred eighteen squid samples were collected fishers caught from May to September 2022 in Blanakan and Palabuhanratu Bay, representing two areas of interest. The body size and the shape of sucker rings of squids were observed using morphometric method. Kruskall-Wallis test, Principal Component Analysis, and Spearman's correlation were performed to investigate morphometric variation and relationships. The length-weight relationships were estimated for each species.. This study reported three species of squid on the north and south coasts of Java, namely the mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis), the Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvaucelii), and the purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). There were significant differences observed in ten morphometric variables among the three species of squid (p < 0.05), with fin width, fin length, and sucker ring teeth identified as the key distinguishing feature for the squids. Spearman's correlation indicated stronger associations between mantle and fin variables (Ï = 0.666-0.967, p < 0.05) than those between mantle and head variables (Ï = 0.380-0.864, p < 0.05).Mantle length-weight relationships revealed a hypoallometric growth pattern for U. chinensis and U. duvaucelii, while S. oualaniensis exhibited an isometric growth pattern. The finding of this study provides valuable insights concerning the growth of squids that reflect variation in ontogenic development, trophic ecology, and environmental conditions in Indonesian waters.

Designing of a Novel Aerolysin-based Multiepitope Vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Osphronemus goramy Using Reverse Vaccinology: an in Silico Approaches

Rozi — 2024-10-01

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

The study aims to develop a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against A. hydrophila by targeting the aerolysin toxin, a key virulence factor responsible for infections in fish and humans.

Computational methods identified and optimized B-cell and T-cell epitopes, focusing on their ability to trigger immune responses without causing toxicity or allergenicity.

In silico simulations demonstrated that the MEV has a strong binding affinity to immune receptors like TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, indicating its potential to induce robust cellular and humoral immunity.

Structural analysis of the MEV showed a stable 3D conformation, with most residues in favorable regions, ensuring stability during immune activation.

The MEV could enhance disease control in aquaculture and reduce human infection risks, offering a promising solution to address antibiotic resistance and the absence of effective vaccines.

Abstract

Aeromonas hydrophila, gram-negative, is a major pathogen responsible for various diseases in mammals, reptiles, amphibia, and vertebrates, including fish and humans. Targeting the specific toxin aerolysin in A. hydrophila is crucial to address antibiotic resistance and the lack of adequate and protective vaccines against this intracellular pathogen. This study aimed to identify a multi-epitope vaccination (MEV) candidate targeting A. hydrophila aerolysin toxin to combat the disease effectively. Standard biochemical characterization methods and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and aerA genes identified the isolate AHSA1 as A. hydrophila. Subsequently, we identified B and T cell epitopes on the aerolysin protein and separately predicted MHC-I and MHC-II epitopes. The epitopes are then evaluated for toxicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, and solubility. The vaccine design integrated multi-epitope-based constructs, utilizing specialized linkers (GPGPG) and EAAAK linkers to connect epitope peptides with adjuvants in the cholera toxin B component, thereby enhancing immunogenicity. Ramachandran plots showed that 85.25% of the residues were located in the most favorable regions, which was followed by the generously allowed zone (1.30%), the additional allowed regions (10.80%), and the forbidden regions (2.65%), thus confirming the feasibility of the modeled vaccine design. Based on docking simulations, MEV had the highest binding and interaction energies with TLR-4, TLR-9, MHC-I, and MHC-II (-1081.4, -723.2, 866.2, -9043.3 kcal/mol). Based on computational modelling, we expect the Aerolysin MEV candidate design to activate diverse immune mechanisms, stimulate robust responses against A. hydrophila, and maintain safety. The significant solubility, absence of toxicity or allergic response, and minimal side effects in animal testing all contribute to the potential clinical utility of this vaccine candidate.

The Genetic Relationship Analysis of Genus Nomorhamphus from Lindu Lake, Central Sulawesi and Adaptive Responses to Exposure Different Light Wavelengths

Riva Hafidah — 2024-08-10

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Genus Nomorhamphusfrom three river inlets of Lindu Lake, Central Sulawesi was identified as Nomorhamphus with CO1 gene.
Green wavelength can accelerate growth and maturation.
Wild fish Nomorhamphus can complete life cycles in an aquaculture environment.
Domestication level two is completed.

Abstract

Genus Nomorhamphus is an endemic fish that can be found in Sulawesi, Indonesia. This fish belongs to the halfbeak group and has diverse colors and morphology. It has economic value as an export commodity in the ornamental fish trade. Exploration of the genetic relationship of genus Nomorhamphus in Central Sulawesi is still limited. Nomorhamphus's fulfillment of export demand still comes from wild catches. This study aimed to identify the genetic relationship of genus Nomorhamphus in the inlet rivers of Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, and evaluate the adaptation response of genus Nomorhamphus to different wavelengths of light exposure. Caudal fin of six fish from the three inlet rivers of Lake Lindu were preserved in 95% ethanol for DNA extraction purposes. This research used a completely randomized design with three treatment, namely rearing under white (400 nm), green (525 nm), and red (625 nm) light for 60 days. Each treatment had three replications in the form of aquariums, with each aquarium being filled with four fish. A total of 42 fish were utilized in the study. CO1 sequence was amplified with universal primers of FISH-F2 and FISH-R2. The PCR amplification products were then sequenced and performed with phylogenetic tree analysis. The genetic diversity analysis suggests that the genus Nomorhamphus of all three rivers, Lindu Lake, Central Sulawesi is one species as Nomorhamphus sp.. Male and female growth length and gonad maturation were developed faster under green light exposure, while survival rate, blood glucose level, and color quality were not significantly different under different light. Exposure of wild fish to green light Nomorhamphus sp. can accelerate gonad maturation and growth to accelerate domestication.

Stability and Efficacy of Live-Attenuated Vibrio harveyi Vaccines Under Different Storage Conditions in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Models

Mohd Hafiz Ngoo Muhamad-Sofie — 2024-09-21

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

The LD₅₀ (median lethal dose) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and harveyi in zebrafish was determined to be 1 x 10⁶ CFU/mL, while for V. alginolyticus it was found to be 1 x 10⁵ CFU/mL.
The LAVh vaccine demonstrated cross-protection against various pathogenic strains of Vibrio, leading to an average of 80% survival rate in vaccinated individuals.
The analysis of the LAVh vaccine emphasized its versatility, as it can be quickly deployed and stored as a freeze-dried powder.
The LAVh vaccine can be easily accessible and user-friendly in various aquaculture environments, such as offshore and remote farms.

Abstract

Vibriosis poses a significant threat to marine teleosts, causing substantial losses in the global aquaculture industry. Previous work in our lab led to the development of a live-attenuated V. harveyi vaccine (LAVh) candidate that targets the serine endoprotease gene with a three-point knockout and has shown promise in protecting against vibriosis. However, further investigation is necessary to evaluate the stability and efficacy of its various storage conditions for broader applications. This study aims to determine how well the three different LAVh vaccine storage (fresh, stale, and freeze-dried LAVh) worked against vibriosis. A total of 1000 adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) (mean weight: 0.20±0.5 g) were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were intraperitoneally injected with different LAVh vaccine storage (fresh, stale, and freeze-dried, respectively), while Group 4 received 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and served as the unvaccinated control. Fish were monitored for 21 days post-vaccination for safety, stability, efficacy, and antibody analysis. The results showed that a modest dosage of 1 x 10⁴ CFU/mL of LAVh vaccine from all storage conditions provided 80% survival upon intraperitoneal challenge with pathogenic strains of pathogenic V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus. This dosage induced significant antibody production and conferred cross-protection against different Vibrio spp., indicating the LAVh vaccine’s potential for commercial application. The LAVh vaccine demonstrated high effectiveness and suitability for storage as a freeze-dried powder. This study might offer significant insights into practical strategies for reducing vibriosis, especially in aquaculture settings with limited infrastructure.

Study on Spatio-temporal Distribution of Chlorophyll-a on Pelagic Catch Productivity in Muara Bendera, West Java, Indonesia

Heri Setiawan — 2024-06-19

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

The trend of chlorophyll-a in the pelagic fish catchment area of the Muara Bendera has increased.
Trend of chlorophyll-a values around the waters of the Citarum and Cisadane River Estuaries increased.
Chlorophyll-a and pelagic CPUE have a negative relationship.
The waters around the mouth of the Citarum River are mesotrophic - eutrophic waters

Abstract

Chlorophyll-a has been considered an indicator of pelagic fish abundance in waters. Although a high nutrient load causes eutrophication, leading to fish mortality, global-scale climate anomalies will also influence the oceanographic conditions of the seas. This study aimed to investigate spatial patterns and trends of chlorophyll-a, the relationship between chlorophyll-a and pelagic fish catch productivity, and the effect of ENSO and IOD on pelagic fish catch productivity. The chlorophyll-a data were obtained from the SeaWiFS and Terra-Aqua MODIS time-series datasets of ocean color satellites. The results indicated that Jakarta Bay had the highest chlorophyll-A concentration. The Chlorophyll-A concentrations declined as the distance between the estuary and the coast grew. From 1997 to 2021, the regional pattern of increasing chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Citarum and Cisdane estuaries was continuous. Since 2001, the concentration of chlorophyll-a in Jakarta Bay has declined, whereas it has begun to climb in the seas of the North Seribu Islands. The increasing chlorophyll-A trend in the Seribu Islands is attributed to rising nitrate levels induced by human-driven coral degradation. Between 1997 and 2021, the concentration of chlorophyll-a in the Muara Bendera fishing region grew by +0.013 mg/m3/year, or 1.43 percent each year. The correlation between chlorophyll-a and pelagic fish catch productivity was -0.13. ENSO does not affect the productivity of pelagic catches in this region. However, it was discovered that IOD reduced the productivity of low-category pelagic catches.

High and Low Taxa Specificity of Rhizosphere Bacteria Communities of Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) from Kuala Langsa and Telaga Tujuh Island, East Aceh

Siti Maysaroh — 2024-05-26

Highlight Research

Bacteria from mangrove sediment have been identified, and environmental parameters have been analyzed.
The relationship between rhizosphere bacteria and the environment has been analyzed.
The distribution and abundance of rhizosphere bacteria differ between Kuala Langsa and Telaga Tujuh.
The diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacteria are not influenced by environmental parameters.

Abstract

The focus of this study on understanding the structure and dynamics of rhizosphere bacteria in mangrove ecosystems is driven by the increasing acknowledgment of the crucial roles these microorganisms play in ecosystem functioning. Rhizophora mucronata, a key mangrove species, is known for its ecological significance. Investigating the bacteria associated with its rhizosphere offers valuable information about the symbiotic relationships between mangrove vegetation and microbial communities. Bacteria are vital for decomposition and nutrient availability in mangroves. This research examines sediment from rehabilitated and natural areas to understand how human and natural factors shape bacterial communities.The DNA sequence was analyzed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), which targeted the 16S bacterial region in the V3-V4 rDNA. Additionally, environmental factors such as nitrate, phosphate, and sulfur content were also analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis and T-test statistical analyses were used to examine the abundance of bacteria and environmental parameters between study sites.There are differences in the types of bacteria found in Kuala Langsa and Telaga Tujuh. Approximately 7% of the rhizosphere bacterial groups were exclusively detected in Telaga Tujuh, such as Fusobacteriia (Class). Additionally, the abundance of bacteria at both locations differs significantly (p < 0.05), as determined by Kruskal-Wallis. The results of the t-test indicate that the observed environmental parameters do not differ significantly from each other. The environmental parameters studied did not significantly impact the types or abundance of detected rhizosphere bacteria.

The Effects of Depth and Habitats on Bycatch Distribution in Deployed Fish Traps in Bidong Archipelago, Terengganu – Peninsular Malaysia

Aiman Mas'ud — 2024-10-01

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

1. Fish traps at 20 m depth captured the highest species diversity, while 10 m had the most bycatch abundance.

2. Habitat type strongly influenced bycatch composition and species richness, with differences across the study stations.

3. Artisanal fish traps captured a wide range of species, indicating non-selectivity in fishing.

4. Bycatch composition varied with depth, with demersal species being predominant at greater depths.

5. The study recommends management strategies like time-release mechanisms to minimize the ecological impact of fish traps.

Abstract
In many marine ecosystems, the fish population has been correlated to bycatch related activities, the most frequently fisheries activities in Malaysia, while the relative importance of other factors such as the depth of artisanal fish trap remains understudied. We investigate whether the bycatch distribution would be affected by deployment of artisanal fish trap at different depths, placed at extensively studied marine educational university station, the Bidong Island, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Terengganu. The traditional artisanal fish trap with a dimension of 1.52 m x 0.92 m x 0.92 m with the wooden frame and the oval shape funnel with a diameter of 25 cm x 6 cm and 25 cm of entrance depth were used for sample collection. The results show that there are six families, six genera and seven species of fish were successfully captured with a 20 m depth captured more fish species compared to others (i.e., 10 m and 15 m depth). The findings of this study provide evidence of the relationship of fish trap depths and fish distribution in the wild. This information could be useful for fishermen for further deployment of their fish trap within the sampling areas in the future.

Effects of Vietnamese Balm (Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland) Essential Oil on Growth Performance of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Juvenile stage

Dung Tran Thi Phuong — 2024-08-04

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified major components of the essential oil, including (Z)-β-Farnesene (24.02%), neral (15.06%), geranial (15.02%), and β-ocimene (13.61%).
Diets enriched with 5% Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils significantly improved the survival rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency.
Diets enriched with 5% Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils significantly improved the weight parameters (average weight; weight gain; percentage weight gain; percentage specific growth rate; daily weight gain).

Diets enriched with 5% Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils significantly improved the length parameters (average length; length gain; percentage length gain; percentage specific growth rate; daily length gain).

Abstract

Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata) is a prominent herb in Vietnamese traditional medicine. This study investigated the impact of Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils on the growth of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in the juvenile stage. Essential oils were extracted using steam distillation, following European Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified the essential oil components. The experiment encompassed three treatments: 0% (control), 3%, and 5% of Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils in a completely randomized design. The results demonstrated a time and dose-dependent modulation of striped catfish growth by the essential oils. Diets enriched with 5% Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils significantly enhanced survival rate and growth, indicating potential as a fish feed additive. The essential oil yield was 0.83% dry weight, with major components including (Z)-β-Farnesene (24.02%), neral (15.06%), geranial (15.02%), and β-ocimene (13.61%). Additionally, the study emphasized the growth-promoting effects of herbal extracts on various growth parameters. Further investigations should explore the impact of Vietnamese balm essential oil on catfish immune response and disease resistance, providing a comprehensive understanding of its potential benefits.

Reproductive Cycle, Size at Maturity and Fecundity of Giuris margaritaceus in Limboto Lake

Arafik Lamadi — 2024-05-02

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

The size of the first mature gonads in hulu'u fish can be analyzed.
Differences in sperm and egg size characterize sexual maturity.
Sexual maturity is not influenced by season.
Hulu'u fish have an asynchronous spawning type.

Abstrack

Understanding fish reproduction biology, particularly sexual maturity, the reproductive cycle, and fecundity, is useful for managing fisheries. The reproduction of Giuris margaritaceus in Limboto Lake is regrettably unknown. Over a year, fish specimens (N = 662) were gathered. They ranged in length from 6.5 to 20.9 cm (mean SD 10.9±2.5). Fecundity varied from 30,057 to 61,920. The first sexual maturity of male and female fish occurred at different sizes, 11.2 cm and 10.3 cm, respectively. This information is needed to determine this fish's lowest acceptable harvest length under the management aim to enter all-female fish for reproduction at least once. We estimated the reproductive of G. margaritaceus cycle using the size of the oocytes, histological analysis of the ovaries, and monthly mean GSI. These techniques produced the same reliable conclusion: G. margaritaceus can spawn yearly, with maximal between September and October. Based on this finding, spawners of Giuris margaritaceus can be kept from entering the reproductive stock between September and October. Future efforts to fine-tune fishing efforts for the effective management of G. margaritaceus may be aided by the study's findings.

Growth and Mortality Models of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; Peters, 1852) Wildly Enter Inside the Fish Farming Ponds in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan

Gazali Salim — 2024-08-14

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

The results of this research showed that allometric growth in males and females had negative allometric growth characteristics.
The growth condition index in male and female fish is dominated by thin and fat body shapes.The maximum length growth (L_∞) and growth speed of males is higher than that of females.
Total mortality and fishing mortality for males is higher than for females, but natural mortality for females is higher than for males.
The exploitation rate of males and females is in the Under-exploitation category because the E value is <0.5.

Abstract

Exploring the length-weight relationship of fish and characterising growth parameters is essential in fisheries as they offer fundamental biology and population dynamics data to establish good management strategies for fisheries resources. This study examines the growth and mortality patterns of Oreochromis mossambicus. Data was collected between September and December 2022 using quantitative descriptive survey sampling. The study involved 20 repeats and deliberate random sampling of 30-50 fish per sample, emphasising total length, weight, and sex parameters. Based on 726 samples of O. mossambicus (352 fish identified as male and 374 fish identified as female). The growth model study revealed the typical negative allometric growth for both sexes (male and female). Male individuals attained a length of 33.449 cm after 37 days has a growth trend ± 0.3265 year^-1, and females reached 21.150 cm in 34 days with a growth rate around 0.3135 year^-1, as per the von Bertalanffy growth model. There were complex mortality patterns, with males contributing to most total deaths. This study emphasises the complex biology of tilapia and its untapped potential in the aquaculture pond system ecology in Tarakan.

Evaluation of Mangrove Ecosystem Quality in Bawean Island, East Java Using Phytoplankton as Bioindicators

Qathrunnada Salsabila — 2024-05-01

Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Highlights from this results research:

Restoration is a method to restore degraded mangrove ecosystems
The success of restoration is measured by improvements in ecosystem services such as water quality, mangrove diversity, phytoplankton community structure and diversity
Phytoplankton as bioindicator of water quality
Anthropogenic activities are the main factor causing degradation of mangrove ecosystems

Abstract

The mangrove ecosystems in Bawean Island are degraded due to anthropogenic activities and land conversion. Plantation has carried out periodic which was continued in several mangrove ecosystems. This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical water quality of several mangrove ecosystems in Bawean Island, and phytoplankton as bioindicators. The evaluation of mangroves in Bawean Island was carried out at 11 locations based on different naturalness and human activities surrounding. The physical and chemical parameters of water observed were air temperature, water temperature, pH, TSS, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), salinity, conductivity, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Community structure and plankton diversity measured include the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Simpson dominance index (Id), evenness index (E), trophic diatom index (TDI), and pollution tolerant value (% PTV). The physical parameters of water chemistry show that it meets the quality standards based on Indonesian Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 except for nitrate and orthophosphate, but it is still under plankton tolerant. A total of 63 species from 7 phytoplankton classes were found based on the importance value index. Based on the TDI index, mangrove ecosystems Sawahmulya, Sidogedungbatu, Hijau Daun, Pamona, Pasir Putih, Sungai Rujing, Bangsal, Jherat Lanjheng, and Lebak were classified as eutrophic while Pulau Cina and Dekatagung were hyper-eutrophic. Based on %PTV, the Hijau Daun mangrove is the best mangrove ecosystem while other mangroves were classified as moderate and heavily level polluted.

Susceptibility and Target Organ of Lymphocystis Disease Virus Infection in Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy), Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens), and Hybrid Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Nur Lailatul Fitrotun Nikmah — 2024-07-21

Highlight Research

1. Lymphocystis disease is reported to infect seawater and freshwater fishes

2. The four important freshwater fish species in Indonesia are evaluated on their susceptibility to Lymphocystis Disease Virus

3. Lymphocystis infection causes behavioural changes and mortality with different onset times after infection on the four fish species

4. LCDV load is varied in quantity among different organs.

Abstract

Lymphocystis disease has a broad host range and has been reported to enter Indonesia. However, information regarding its susceptibility and predilection organs in fish is lacking. This study examined the susceptibility of four important fish species in Indonesia, namely, giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), and hybrid catfish (Clarias sp.). The fish were infected with virus filtrate by intraperitoneal injection and immersion. The postinfection observation period was 60 days. Viral load was quantified by qPCR and expressed as major capsid protein (MCP) copy number/mg tissue. Mortality was observed in all fish species, with the highest recorded in hybrid catfish and the lowest in Siamese fighting fish. All the fish species showed changes in their clinical symptoms, such as anorexia and separation from schools. However, only giant gourami showed internal change seven days after injection (dpi), with white lesion detected in the liver. Viral load quantification showed that LCDV had different predilection organs in the four fish species. The highest viral load of giant gourami (1.7 x 10⁴) was observed in the liver at 7 dpi, hybrid tilapia (7.5 x 10³) was observed in the fins at 21 dpi, Siamese fighting fish (8.4 x 10³) was observed in the fins at 14 dpi, and hybrid catfish (1.2 x 10³) were observed in the fins and gills at 7 and 14 dpi. The findings indicated that giant gourami, hybrid tilapia, Siamese fighting fish, and hybrid catfish were susceptible to LCDV infection with different predilection organs.