Politeness Strategies for Criticizing in the Japanese Workplace: A Pragmatic Study
Unduhan
Mengkritik dikenal sebagai tindak tutur yang rawan mengancam muka. Oleh karena itu, mengkritik dalam berbagai budaya tidak bisa diekspresikan secara serampangan, tetapi harus dikemukakan dengan hati-hati, terutama dalam budaya Jepang, dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai kesantunan atau norma-norma sosial, budaya yang berlaku dalam masyarakat yang bersangkutan, diperlukannya piranti kesantunan untuk menurunkan kadar ancaman tersebut. Strategi kesantunan dalam artikel ini difokuskan pada bentuk kritik langsung dan tidak langsung yang dikemukakan oleh Nguyen. Data dikumpulkan melalui Discourse Completion Test (DCT), yakni metode elisitasi yang wujudnya berupa kuesioner. DCT ini disebar kepada informan secara on line melalui grup WA perkuliahan mahasiswa untuk mendapatkan pengisian data. Pengisi DCT (informan) adalah para mahasiswa yang bekerja di Jepang sambil kuliah di Program Studi Sastra Jepang, Universitas Ngudi Waluyo (UNW). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dalam dunia kerja di Jepang, baik dalam pelayanan jasa, perkantoran, dan lainnya, terdapat berbagai macam bentuk linguistik yang sering digunakan sebagai alat untuk memperhalus bahasa saat melakukan kritikan, baik yang dilakukan oleh: atasan, rekan kerja, dan senior junior. Bentuk-bentuk linguistik tersebut di antaranya berupa 21 data partisipan data kritikan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dalam Bahasa Jepang yang digunakan dalam lingkungan kerja di Jepang.
Unduhan
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