Jurnal Kimia Riset

SYNTHESIS OF POROUS CARBON MATERIAL PROPYLENE MEDICAL MASK AS ADSORBENT HEAVY METAL IRON (Fe) IN WATER EX-TIN MINING BANGKA BELITUNG

2023-11-17T22:17:58+00:00

Bangka Belitung Islands Province faces severe environmental challenges, exacerbated by
illegal tin mining activities leading to heightened pollution levels, particularly in stagnant
water within former tin mining holes, reaching depths of up to 40 meters. The presence of
iron metal (Fe) in this water poses a health risk, potentially damaging intestinal walls and
compromising lung function upon ingestion. This study presents a novel approach to address
this issue by synthesizing porous carbon material from propylene waste sourced from
medical masks. The process involves initial sulfonation for sterilization and pore size
enhancement, followed by activation using KOH and carbonization at 750 °C.
Characterization methods validate the successful synthesis, including FTIR highlighting
polypropylene groups at 822 cm-1, XRD indicating graphite carbon with high crystallinity,
and SEM exhibiting rod shapes and cavities at 5,000í— magnification. The adsorption test
demonstrates outstanding performance, with porous carbon exhibiting a 100% adsorption
efficiency in purifying water, eliminating odors, and reducing iron (Fe) levels. This
innovative method effectively reduces iron levels in stagnant water environments, providing
a sustainable solution to environmental pollution, particularly in Bangka Belitung.

DEGRADATION OF HUMIC ACID BY FLOATING PHOTOCATALYST TiO2/Cu-ARECA FIBER

2023-11-10T05:23:30+00:00

The photocatalyst method is effective in degrading humic acid into O2 and H2 compounds
that are more environmentally friendly. The photocatalysis process involves light and
semiconductors such as TiO2 to accelerate the reaction rate. Therefore, modification of TiO2
is needed to shift light absorption to visible light by using Cu2+ doping and areca fiber. XRD
characterization shows that Merck's TiO2 has shifted at 2Î¸, indicating that Cu has entered
the TiO2 structure, and several peaks have reduced in intensity after being embedded with
areca fiber, indicating that TiO2/Cu has successfully attached to areca fiber. FTIR results
show that TiO2/Cu has been attached to the areca fiber, which is marked by shifting and
weakening the intensity of the Ti-O-Cu wave number absorption. The test results show that
TiO2/Cu embedded in areca fiber had higher degradation activity than TiO2/Cu without
embedded, with a percent degradation of 54% for 180 minutes of irradiation. These results
prove that TiO2/Cu floated to the surface of the solution can optimize irradiation so that it
is effective in the degradation process.

INFLUENCE OF SOLID PARTICLE AND SOYBEAN OIL OF PICKERING EMULSION DICLOFENAC DIETHYLAMINE USING TAGUCHI METHOD

2024-05-27T22:58:08+00:00

Emulsions stabilized by solid particles are called Pickering emulsions, using diclofenac diethylamine for topical use. In this study, screening for the effect of the type of solid particles (bentonite 3%; Avicel RC-591 2.5%; and kaolin 15%) and soybean oil concentration (10%; 20%, and 30%) using the Taguchi orthogonal array method, with independent variables (type of solid particles and concentration of soybean oil, dependent variables (viscosity, pH, %EE, creaming index, globule size, and % cumulative penetration). The Pickering emulsion with Avicel RC-591 for solid particles produced a stable emulsion during 21 days of storage. Using the Taguchi orthogonal array method, the best formula based on the dependent variable is Formula 4 with physical test results at viscosity 566 cp, pH value 8.18, adsorption efficiency 55.70%, creaming index 100%, globule size 57.1 µm, cell diffusion Franz test at 120 minutes resulted in a cumulative penetration of 69.829%. The penetration power of Formula 4 is better than the emulsion with tween and span emulsifiers, which has a cumulative amount at 120 minutes of 12.609%. Therefore, Avicel RC-591 2.5% solid particles with 10% soybean oil concentration resulted in a stable Pickering emulsion and better penetration than emulsions with tween and span emulsifiers.

3D STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF RECOMBINANT ALDII PROTEIN FROM Uncultured Acidilobus sp. USING I-TASSER

2024-04-30T00:49:32+00:00

The AldII protein is a new recombinant protein produced from a novel gene obtained via a metagenome approach. Previous studies showed that this protein is strong and has the same metal binding aspect as the class II Aldolase enzyme. Aldolase is a valuable enzyme used in pharmaceuticals, food processing, and biochemistry. Further investigation is required to comprehend the structure and function of the AldII protein due to its potential. Researchers will conduct sophisticated bioinformatic analysis on the 3D shape and function prediction of AldII using the I-TASSER webserver from Zhanglab. The I-TASSER server is an online tool for the automated prediction of protein structure and annotation of functions based on structure. Analysis of the AldII protein using the I-TASSER webserver shows that this protein has a stable structure with the closest structural homology to deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase from Bacillus thuringiensis with PDB code 6btdA. Additionally, the biological structure analysis shows that this protein shares the biological function of the enzyme L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase, which is part of the class II Aldolase enzyme that plays a role in the catabolism of arabinose, L-Fuculose, and Rhamnose. The results align with prior research that states the AldII protein is a stable protein with a catalytic side that is homologous to the class II Aldolase enzyme.

THE EFFECT OF VARIATION IN THE NUMBER OF SPRAYS AND DISCHARGE ON THE TECHNOLOGY SPRAY FOR EVAPORATION

2024-04-24T04:49:53+00:00

Spray technology is an innovative salt production process technology that is able to increase seawater salinity and accelerate the salt production process. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the amount of spray and discharge in spray technology on increasing seawater salinity. The experimental method was carried out by varying the spray and water discharge amount in spray technology according to the variables. This research has been successfully carried out to increase the salinity of synthetic seawater where to increase from the initial seawater salinity of 2.5 °Be to 24 °Be. It takes 16 hours taken in 3 days using the number of sprays as much as 5 sprays with a seawater flow rate of 0.2424 m³/hour in an evaporation pond of 15í—7 m. The use of the spray method proved effective in accelerating the rate of increase in salinity of synthetic seawater, which was tested to increase the salinity of synthetic seawater from 2.5 °Be to 12 °Be with an evaporation time in traditional methods of 15 days to only 11 hours. This can also happen because the temperature, humidity and wind speed were relatively stable when the research took place.

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE (EGCG) AS A THERAPY FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2024-04-30T00:49:05+00:00

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has an effect in reducing sugar levels in the blood by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme, which is connected explicitly by hydrogen bonds and modifies the secondary structure and micro-environment of the enzyme reversibly and non-competitive. This study looks at the activity and interaction of EGCG as α-glucosidase inhibitors in the form of binding affinity and compound bonding profiles with receptors, including toxicity predictions and drug-likeness results. The research was performed in silico with molecular docking on Autodock Vina that integrated through PyRx, then viewed the compound's binding profile with receptor using Discovery Studio 2021 Client, toxicity prediction using ProTox-II and determination of drug-likeness using SwissADME based on Lipinski's rule of five guidelines. The control drugs used were acarbose and miglitol. The molecular docking results obtained that the binding affinity of EGCG is -8.4 kcal/mol while acarbose and miglitol are -13.8 kcal/mol and -5.3 kcal/mol respectively. There are amino acid residues similar to the drug control with various interactions like electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonds; then it has an inactive target for each toxicity parameter and has a molecular weight of 458.37 g/mol; Log P value of 1.01; H-bond donor of 8; and H-bond acceptor of 11 in the determination of drug-likeness. Based on these results, EGCG has effectiveness as α-glucosidase inhibitors predicted to be non-toxic; however, there are violations in determining drug-likeness.

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF FLY ASH FROM ASAM-ASAM COAL POWER PLANT USING STEARIC ACID AS HYDROPHOBIC INORGANIC MATERIAL

2024-05-17T04:53:01+00:00

Abundant coal reserves make this material a substitute fuel choice, especially for industry. The use of coal carries a high risk due to incomplete combustion and produces fly ash products. Fly ash cause pollution and health risks as well as environmental contamination when they are released, deposited, or leached into the ecosystem over short or long periods of time. The high content of silica and alumina in fly ash can be utilized and modified into new materials with added value. This research aims to modify the surface of fly ash using stearic acid as a hydrophobic inorganic material. Fly ash from Asam-asam Coal Power Plant was characterized by using XRD and modified by immersing in stearic acid (2,4,6, and 8%) and 98% ethanol. The result showed that the contact angle increases when fly ash is modified on the surface using stearic acid. The contact angle increases with increasing stearic acid concentration. The highest contact angle was obtained at a stearic acid concentration of 8%, and the lowest at 2% was about 112.9 and 102.2, respectively. The fly ash composition was primarily silica and alumina, which were crystalline, as confirmed by XRD. These findings provide several aspects of fly ash and its potential as a candidate material for environmental remediation and waste management.

ISOLATION OF ETHYL TRANS-P-METHOXYCINNAMATE FROM Kaempferia galanga L. RHIZOMES BY USING N-HEXANE

2024-06-05T03:09:09+00:00

Kaempferia galanga L. rhizomes contain ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate as a major secondary metabolite compound and biomarker. Various extraction methods with different solvents can isolate ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate with potential bioactivities. This paper reported the isolation of ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate from two varieties of K. galanga L. rhizomes by maceration in n-hexane. The small and large varieties of K. galanga samples produced ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate in 1.43% and 1.84% yields, higher than other methods and polar solvents of previous research. Structural elucidation of the obtained ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate was performed by FTIR, MS, and ¹H NMR spectroscopies.

EVALUATING ACETONE AND METHANOL FOR ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF SS 316L COATED WITH HYDROXYAPATITE/MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES DENTAL IMPLANTS: A FOCUS ON CORROSION RESISTANCE

2024-05-17T04:53:14+00:00

Dental implants offer a reliable solution for replacing damaged tooth roots. This research investigates the comparative performance of acetone and methanol as suspension media in the fabrication of stainless steel type 316L-based dental implants using the Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) method, a technique known for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Voltage variations of 20V, 30V, and 40V were applied to both acetone and methanol suspensions for a duration of 20 minutes. The morphology of the Hydroxyapatite/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (HA/MWCNT) coatings was meticulously characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Corrosion resistance was evaluated through Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Remarkably, at 30V, a homogeneous and crack-free coating was achieved, demonstrating superior corrosion resistance. This was further corroborated by the resistance values of 23.891 Î© and 114.990 Î© for the acetone and methanol samples, respectively. Additionally, the corrosion rates of 0.075 (mmpy) and 0.0004 (mmpy) for the acetone and methanol samples further emphasized the superiority of methanol as a suspension medium. These findings unequivocally establish methanol as the optimal choice for achieving superior deposition quality and corrosion resistance in the context of the EPD method for stainless steel type 316L-based dental implants.

ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ASSAY OF GUAVA VARIETY CRYSTAL (Psidium guajava L.) LEAVES EXTRACT

2024-05-21T04:41:29+00:00

The study investigates the antioxidant activity and total flavonoid compounds in leaves crystal guava, a plant rich in vitamin C and high in antioxidant activity. The research involved maceration extraction of leaves cystal guava using methanol solvent, then fractionation with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents in stages to obtain extracts methanol, ethyl acetat and n-hexane; thereafter extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content determination, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The study found secondary metabolite compounds which is found in leaves crystal guava such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins; that ethyl acetate extract had the highest flavonoid content of 171.91 mg/L and highest antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ value of 9.59 ppm, followed by n-hexane and methanol extracts.