THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY (KT) AND COMPATIBILITY (KOM) ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE GREEN AND SMART PORT CONCEPT (CTU): TAM EXTENDED APPROACH CASE STUDY AT TELUK LAMONG TERMINAL, A SUBSIDIARY OF PT PELINDO III

This study examines and analyzes the relationship between the technological complexity (KT) and compatibility (KOM), to a continuance to use (CTU) of green and smart port concepts using TAM theory extended. Adding technological complexity and compatibility as an external factor into TAM in terms of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) that affect continuance to use green and smart concepts. This study uses a survey method. It is distributed to owners/operational/invoicing managers of Terminal Teluk Lamong (TTL) Customers (Shipping Company, Forwarding, Trucking Company) in Surabaya, Indonesia. The sampling technique is using Slovin's formula with 304 respondents. The data analysis technique uses SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with SMART PLS 3.0. Both KT and KOM have a significant effect on PU and PEOU. Both PU and PEOU have a significant effect on CTU, and PEOU has a significant effect on PU. This research was conducted at TTL, the only terminal in Indonesia that uses the green and smart port concept. There is no comparison with other terminals in Indonesia on the implementation of the green and smart port concept. Especially for shipping companies, respondents cannot reach owner/principal/shareholders due to Indonesian government policy that international Shipping Companies are not allowed to open branches independently. However, they have to cooperate with local companies (agents). Port Industries (TTL) can develop an appropriate marketing strategy based on this research's results. Technological complexity and compatibility have a significant effect on the continuance to use GSP. Management of TTL has to consider technology and operational systems development with a low-level complexity and according to customer's needs. This research contributes to enrichment and extending TAM theory in terms of green and smart port concept sustainability. Not only affected by PU and PEOU but technological complexity (KT) and Compatibility (KOM) factors are important.


INTRODUCTION
The construction and development of ports in Indonesia have enhanced the port industry's competition in the last ten years. At least there are eight ports which under construction and development in Indonesia since 2014. Competition has increased to a port operated by stateowned companies and to private port operators. The keyword in winning a competition is customer loyalty. Customer loyalty's dimension: first, recommendation, a loyal customer would recommend other people around them about the company. Second, loyal customers would make a repeat purchase of the products or services they trust (Yang and Petterson, 2016). The bigger the loyal customers, as bigger the chance to win the market. PT Pelindo III (Persero) has made innovations in port development in its working area by building a port with a green and smart concept. It is named Terminal TelukLamong (TTL). TTL is the first green and smart port in Indonesia.
The green and smart concept is a value proposition for TTL, which is expected to increase customer loyalty. The smart concept at TTL provides online transactions 24 hours 7 days based on information technology. Then, the crane equipment used is based on automation and is powered by electricity. The environment around TelukLamong port is beautiful, with various plants in the terminal area. The environment around the terminal is maintained in terms of air, air, and ground.
However, this green and smart port concept are the first in Indonesia, so customers need to adapt the technologies and systems implemented in the green and smart port concept.
The theory of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) was first introduced by Davis (1989). It was mentioned in various previous studies that it could be used to determine a person's attitude, interest, or behavior in adopting technology. The variables used are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) which can affect an intention to use or continuance to use. A previous study by C. Lisa et al. (2017) had stated in their study that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have a significant effect on continuance intention to use the chatbot. Terminal TelukLamong, (TTL), a modern port based on ICT systems and equipment that is automated and environmentally friendly. TAM theory has not fully answered the influence of PU and PEOU variables on a person's attitude to continue using the green smart port concept. The level of technological complexity used in implementing the green smart port is seen by researchers as a factor to be considered in transacting at TelukLamong Terminal. Likewise, with environmentally friendly policies, researchers assume that green policies can influence service users to consider transacting in TTL or not. This relates to the compatibility of a system or technology to its customers, seen from the extent to which technology or system is under the needs of customers Chin and Lin (2015), in their research, stated that compatibility (C) and technological complexity (TC) support the research results and become an important consideration in the acceptance of BEMS (Building Energy Management System) technology. C and TC variables are placed as an extension of the TAM theory to complement the influence of PU and PEOU on an intention or continuance to use. This study would fill the TAM Theory gap on green and smart port implementation. For that reason, this study added the variables of technological complexity (KT) and compatibility (KOM) to the PU and PEOU variables on the continuance to use (CTU) green and smart port concept.

Ease of Use (PEOU)
Complexity, according to KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary), is intricacy. Complexity is the level of innovation that is perceived as relatively difficult to understand and use. About technological complexity, it can be interpreted as the level of innovation of new technology or system, which brings new elements resulting in simplicity, unusualness, and abnormality in the application of a technology or system (ww.academia.edu, 2019). In implementing green and smart ports, the complexity of the technology used includes automation and electricity-fueled equipment technology. In addition, transactions are carried out online 24 hours 7 days using applications based on information communication technology (ICT). The operating system in TTL has become more complex than the operational system in conventional terminals. In several previous studies, although with different research objects, it was found that technological complexity affects perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) (Chin and Lin, 2015;Somang, Kevin and Miyoung, 2019;B.A Akinnuwesi et al., 2016)

H2: Technological Complexity has an effect on Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)
Compatibility in language can be interpreted as conformity (KBBI). Suppose it is associated with a technology or system. In that case, the compatibility of a system or technology is the condition of existing facilities or resources compared to the new technology or system. With the greater deviation value of a system compared to existing facilities and resources, the system will certainly have difficulty being accepted by customers. Rogers (Mazhar, 2014) defines compatibility as the level of consistency between technology and new customer needs, daily life routines, experiences, and values. Compatibility also relates to individual lifestyle and technology. Several studies (Somang, Kevin, and Miyoung, 2019;Chin and Lin, 2015;Di Pietro et al., 2015;Shakrokh, 2019) state that compatibility significantly affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of According to Venkatesh and Davis in (Devi and Suartana, 2014), perceived usefulness is a level of individual belief that using the system or technology can improve performance. Weng et al., 2017 in their research, stated that perceived usefulness (PU) has a significant effect on continuance intention to use Mobile Taxi Booking Application Service, and perceived ease of use (PEOU) had a significant effect on PU. Likewise, Lisa et al., 2017 mention in their study that perceived ease of use (PEOU) have a significant effect on perceived usefulness (PU). PU has a significant effect on a continuance to use the WeChat application. The TAM theory has stated that a person will judge the usefulness and ease of using a new technology or system in adopting a technology or system. This is supported by several previous studies that have been mentioned above According to a study by Ramayah and Ignatius, 2006 which includes dimensions of perceived usefulness are (1) Effectiveness is a perception that shows the time savings from using technology or system. (2) Accomplish faster is a dimension that describes the extent to which a job can be done more quickly by using a system or technology. (3) Useful is dimensions that describe the extent to which technology or system can be helpful for someone, especially in company activities. (4) Advantageous is dimensions that describe the benefits of using a system or technology While perceived ease of use, according to Dewi et al., 2013 is "a belief that using technology will be effortless." It can be interpreted that perceived ease of use is a person's level of confidence in using a system or technology that impacts ease of work.
According to a study by Ramayah and Ignatius, 2006 which includes the dimensions of perceived ease of use are (1) Easiness is the ease of a system or technology to use. (2) Clear and Understandable is the extent to which the system or technology used is clear and easy to understand. (3) Easy to Learn is the degree of ease of a system or technology for someone to learn or adopt. (4) Overall Easiness is the overall level of ease of a system or technology used

Technological Complexity (KT), Compatibility (KOM), and Continuance to Use (CTU)
According to Davis in (Teng and Chen, 2010), continuance intention to use is the interest or desire of a person to continue using a system or technology. Meanwhile, according to Bhattacherjee in (Islam and Mantymaki, 2011), continuance intention to use can be interpreted as the interest of an individual to continue to participate or take part in a particular system.  with the Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.0 approach

Outer Model Analysis
The outer model analysis is carried out to ensure that the measurements used are feasible to be used as measurements or are valid and reliable. The outer model analysis specifies the relationship between latent variables and their indicators, or in other words, the outer model defines how each indicator relates to its latent indicators. The tests carried out on the outer model analysis include:

Convergent Validity
The value of convergent validity is the value of the loading factor on the latent variable with its indicators. The expected value is > 0.7. The value of the outer model can still be tolerated up to 0.50, and below the value of 0.50, it must be eliminated from the analysis (H Latan and Ghozali, 2015). The results showed that convergently, all of the data generated were valid. Although there are 4 (four) indicators with a value of less than 0.7, it is already more than 0.5, as shown in table 2.

Discriminant Validity
The discriminant validity value is a cross-loading factor that is useful for determining whether the construct has an adequate discriminant by comparing the loading value. The intended construct must be greater than the value of loading another construct. The result of this study are shown in

Reliability Testing uses Croanbach Alpha and Composite Reliability
Cronbach Alpha strengthened reliability testing with an expected value > 0,6 for all constructs.
Meanwhile, composite reliability is shown with composite value > 0,7. It is mean reliable usually if the composite reliability value bigger than Cronbach's alpha value. shown as bigger than (>) 0.5.

Inner Model Analysis
Inner model analysis or model structural analysis is carried out to ensure that the structural model built is strong and accurate. This analysis shows the relationship between the variables in accordance with the theoretical study and the results of previous studies. The evaluation of the inner model can be seen from several indicators, namely:

Coefficient of Determination (R2).
The size of R2 shows the size of the influence of exogenous variables on endogenous variables.

The Goodness of Fit Index (GoF)
The GoF coefficient has a value range of 0 to 1. Getting closer to the value of 1, the model shows  interpreted that the model proposed in this study is appropriate and good (the recommended value range is 0 to 1).

Hypothesis Test
The results of hypothesis testing in this study can be shown in table 7 and Figure 1.

Full Model Path Diagram
The data are shown in table 7 and figure 1, showing the significance and a good model in this study. The hypothesis proposed from H1 to H9 and H11 have good significance and are accepted. While H10 has insignificant results and it is rejected.

Discussion
The results of this study are relevant and support several previous studies. Technological Complexity (KT) and Compatibility (KOM) as external factors in TAM theory have a significant effect on perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and continuance to use (CTU). Technological complexity (KT) is the level of innovation of a technology or system that is perceived as relatively difficult to understand and use, where the more complex the technological innovation, the lower level of acceptance. The study result proves that KT has a significant and positive effect on perceived usefulness (PU). This means that H1 is accepted. This finding is relevant and supports previous studies (Somang, Kevin, and Miyoung, 2019;Chin and Lin, 2015), which stated that technological complexity variables affect perceived usefulness (PU). It can be concluded in this study, and It was found that the level of complexity of green smart port technology (on automation equipment and digital-based operational systems in TTL) affects customers' perception of the benefits of the green and smart port concept. Technological complexity (KT) was also found to have a positive effect on perceived ease of use (PEOU). This means that H2 is accepted. It can be said that TTL's Customers perceive the level of innovation in green smart port technology to be easy to use or implement. This finding is also relevant and supports previous studies (Somang, Kevin and Miyoung, 2019;Chin and Lin, 2015;B.A Akinnuwesi, 2016), which stated that KT had a significant effect on PEOU.
Furthermore, this study also found that technological complexity (KT) directly and significantly affects a continuance to use (CTU). This means that H8 is accepted. This finding is relevant and supports research conducted by (Mndzebele, 2013;Chin and Lin, 2015), which states that KT or complexity directly affects continuance to use. However, this finding is irrelevant and does not support the previous finding (B.A Akinnuwesi, 2016), which states that complexity does not directly affect continuance to use.
Compatibility (KOM) is the degree of consistency between the new technology and customer needs, daily life routines, experiences, and values. Compatibility is also related to individual lifestyles and technology (Rogers in (Mazhar, 2014)). The study results found that KOM had a significant and positive effect on perceived usefulness (PU). This means that H3 is accepted. This finding is relevant and supports previous studies (Somang, Kevin and Miyoung, 2019;Di Pietro et al., 2015;Chin and Lin, 2015;Shakrokh, 2019), which stated that compatibility had a significant and positive effect on PU. It can be concluded in this study that the level of conformity of green and smart port technology (automation equipment and digital-based operational systems) in TTL to customer needs is perceived as appropriate and useful.
Furthermore, this study also found that compatibility had a significant and positive effect on perceived ease of use (PEOU). This means that H4 is accepted. This result is relevant and supports

Reka Yusmara Mardiputra Kusuma Ratnawati Ananda Sabil H
previous studies (Chin and Lin, 2015;Shakrokh, 2019), which stated that compatibility had a significant and positive effect on PEOU. It can be said that the green and smart port concept implemented by TTL is perceived to be in accordance with customer needs and easy to use.
Furthermore, this study found that compatibility also directly affects a continuance to use (CTU).
This means that H9 is accepted. It can be concluded that the level of conformity of the green and smart port concept (automation equipment and digital-based operational system) is implemented by TTL to the needs and values expected by customers. The results of this study indicate that technological complexity (KT) and compatibility (KOM) have a significant effect on the continuance to use (CTU) green and smart concepts. The study result proves level of complexity of a technology or system can affect a person's attitude in using new technology or system. Likewise, with compatibility, this study states that customer's needs can affect their attitude in using new technology or system.
In theory, this study has implications for the enrichment and extended of TAM theory, where the sustainability of the green and smart port concept at TelukLamong Terminal is not only significantly influenced by perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Technological complexity (KT) and compatibility (KOM) have also been shown to have a significant effect on the sustainability of the green smart port concept. The complexity of automation equipment and ICT-based operational systems is an important factor that customers consider to continue using the green and smart port concept.
The results of this study also have implications for the management of Teluk Lamong Terminal to determine the right marketing strategy for customers, related to the green and smart port concepts that are implemented. Based on the research results, TTL management must consider the complexity and compatibility of a technology or system to be developed. In addition, the results shown in this study can be the main reference in the development of green and smart ports in Indonesia for the next step ahead.
This study was conducted at Terminal TelukLamong (TTL), Surabaya, East Java, in Indonesia. TTL is the first and one only green and smart port in Indonesia. Thus, this study cannot compare the concept of green and smart ports at ports or other terminals in Indonesia. The research results are very subjective, only based on a limited object of research, namely in TelukLamong Terminal. In addition, the respondents in this study, especially international shipping companies, researchers could not reach the owners of shipping companies. This is because almost all principals of international shipping companies are outside Indonesia. There is a government policy that requires international shipping companies to cooperate with local agent companies in Indonesia.
In the future, it will be better if there is more research related to the concept of green and smart ports in Indonesia and can provide comparisons to other terminals that implement GSP.