Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in Patients with Hypertension: A Cross- Sectional Study
Downloads
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a disease caused by the misfunctioning of the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease. Prevention and control of cardiovascular disease can be done with early detection through screening activities. Framingham Risk Score using Body Mass Index (FRS BMI) risk assessment is very useful and easy, which is used without using lipid indicator. This study aims to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease on patients with hypertension with Framingham Risk Score BMI.
Methods:The study used a descriptive method with cross-sectional design. The samples in this study were 130 respondents who were selected using consecutive sampling and retrieval technique by using FRS BMI application questionnaire.
Results: There were 11.5% respondents in low risk of CVD, 22.7% respondents at moderate risk and 60.8% respondents in higher category of cardiovascular disease 10 years later.
Conclusion:Majority of patients with hypertension showed a high risk of CVD for the next 10 years. Patients' sex and age also play an important role to increase the risk, whereby men show a higher risk of CVD for the next ten years. The hospital management and health worker should pay more attention and educate the patient about the prevention of heart disease for the next 10 years, especially for those with high risk of CVD based on FRS BMI measurement.
Agostino, R. B. D., Vasan, R. S., Pencina, M. J., Philip, A., Cobain, M., Massaro, J. M., & Kannel, W. B. (2008). General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care. Journal Of The American Heart Association. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579
AHA. (2019). Atherosclerosis. Retrieved May 27, 2020, from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol/atherosclerosis
Anwar, T. (2004). Angina Pektoris Tak Stabil (Universitas Sumatra Utara). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42321445_Angina_Pektoris_Tak_Stabil
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., ... Ziaeian, B. (2019). 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 140(11), e596–e646. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2018). HASIL UTAMA RISKESDAS 2018. Retrieved from https://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf
Bell, N. R., Singh, H., Grad, R., Moore, E. A., Dickinson, J. A., Kasperavicius, D., & Kretschmer, K. L. (2017). Prevention in Practice. Canadian Family Physician, 63, 521–524.
Brunner, S., & Suddarth, D. (2002). Buku ajar keperawatan medikal bedah. EGC, Jakarta.
Budiman; Sihombing, Rosmariana;Pradina, P. (2015). Hubungan dislipidemia, hipertensi dan diabetes melitus dengan kejadian infark miokard akut. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 32–37.
Cohen, J. (1992). Quantitative Methods In Psychology. 112(1), 155–159.
Dhungana, R. R., Thapa, P., Devkota, S., Banik, P. C., Gurung, Y., Mumu, S. J., ... Ali, L. (2018). Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors: A community-based cross-sectional study in a peri-urban community of Kathmandu, Nepal. Indian Heart Journal, 70, S20–S27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.03.003
Djafri, D., Monalisa, Elytha, F., & Machmud, R. (2017). Efek modifikasi faktor risiko modifiable penyakit jantung koroner: a hospital-based matched case control study. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 11(94), 93–99.
Emor, Engelin; Panda, Agnes; Pangemanan, J. (2017). Prediksi Tingkat Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskuler Aterosklerotik pada Pasien yang Berobat di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof . Dr . R . D . Kandou Manado. Jurnal E-Clinic (ECI), 5(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.5.2.2017.18284
Endah, R., Patriyani, H., & Purwanto, D. F. (2016). Faktor Dominan Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Jurnal Keperawatan Global, 1, 23–30.
Frostegård, J. (2013, May 1). Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. BMC Medicine, Vol. 11, p. 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-117
Ghani, L., Dewi, M., & Novriani, H. (2016). Faktor Risiko Dominan Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 44(3), 153–164.
Hall, J. E., Carmo, J. M., Silva, A. A., Wang, Z., & Hall, M. E. (2015). Obesity-Induced Hypertension Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms John. Circulation Research, 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305697
Hassan, K., Mohydin, B., Fawwad, A., Waris, N., Iqbal, S., & Jawaid, M. (2018). Predicting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD ) in Pakistani population. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, (February), 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.04.002
Jneid, H & Thacker, H. L. (2001). Coronary artery disease in women : Different , often undertreated. CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 68(5), 441–448.
Kemenkes RI. (2014). Infodatin: Situasi Kesehatan Jantung. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Braun, L. T., Ndumele, C., Smith, S., Sperling,
L., Virani, S., & Blumenthal, R. (2019). Use of Risk Assessment Tools to Guide Decision-Making in the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. 73(24). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.005
Marleni, L., & Alhabib, A. (2017). Faktor Risiko Penyakit Jantung Koroner di RSI SITI Khadijah Palembang. Jurnal Kesehatan, VIII(3), 478–483.
Marrugat, J., Subirana, I., Comı, E., Cabezas, C., Vila, J., Elosua, R., ... Gene, J. (2007). Validity of an adaptation of the Framingham cardiovascular risk function : the VERIFICA study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 61, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.038505
Marso, S. P., McGuire, D. K., Zinman, B., Poulter, N. R., Emerson, S. S., Pieber, T. R., ... Buse, J. B. (2016). Design of DEVOTE (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events) – DEVOTE 1. American Heart Journal, 179, 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2016.06.004
Neter, J. E., Stam, B. E., Kok, F. J., Grobbee, D. E., & Geleijnse, J. M. (2003). Influence of Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 878–884. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000094221.86888.AE
Novriyanti, I. D., & Usnizar, F. (2014). Pengaruh Lama Hipertensi Terhadap Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Poliklinik Kardiologi RSUP . Dr . Mohammad Hoesin Palembang 2012. 1(1), 55–60.
Nuraini, B. (2015). Risk factors of hypertension. Majority, 4(5), 10–19.
Perry, & Potter. (2010). Potter & Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing. Retrieved May 27, 2020, from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=V-FnSC9HWZwC&pg=PT3476&lpg=PT3476&dq=perry+potter+elderly+hypertension&source=bl&ots=relzeg65iS&sig=ACfU3U0vWPOT3OoDxLscQVP___bsaZIcMw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiamaK139PpAhUSU30KHaxAB5sQ6AEwAnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=perry pot
Sa'adeh, H. H., Darwazeh, R. N., Khalil, A. A., & Zyoud, S. H. (2018). Knowledge , attitudes and practices of hypertensive patients towards prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease : a cross sectional study from Palestine. Clinical Hypertension, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-018-0091-7
West Java Health Office. (2016). Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LKIP) 2016 Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Barat. Jawa barat.
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins,
K. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., ... Gentile, F. (2018). Clinical Practice Guideline 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA Guideline for the Prevention , Detection , Evaluation , and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults A Report of the American College of Cardiology / . https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
WHO. (2019). Ethics and health: templates for imformed consent forms.
Yannoutsos, A., Levy, B. I., Safar, M. E., Slama, G., & Blacher, J. (2014). Pathophysiology ofhypertension: interactions between macro andmicrovascular alterations through endothelial dysfunction. Jhypertension, 32(2), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000021
Yonata, A., Satria, A., & Pratama, P. (2016). Hipertensi sebagai Faktor Pencetus Terjadinya Stroke. Majority, 5(September 2016), 17–21.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Ners agree to the following terms:
- Authors transfer the Copyright and grant Jurnal Ners the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to remix, adapt and build upon the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and of the initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
Jurnal Ners requires a formal written declaration and transfer of copyright from the author(s) for each article published. We, therefore, ask you to complete and return this form, retaining a copy for your own records. Your cooperation is essential and appreciated. Any delay will result in a delay in publication. The form can be downloaded HERE.
