Family Coping Strategies to Improve the Health of Family Members Living with Schizophrenia
Downloads
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects the thinking, emotions, relationships, and decision-making. One of the positive effects of treating schizophrenia in patients is family health. The family welfare management strategies provide help for coping, care preparation, organizing meetings, and mentoring. This study focuses on family coping strategies for improving the health of members living with schizophrenia.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used by choosing 160 respondents randomly. The inclusion criteria were family members accompanying control schizophrenia patients to the Public Health Center, with a minimum age of 18. The independent variable was family coping, which consist of two sub-variables (problem-focused coping mechanism and emotion-focused coping mechanism), while the dependent variable was family health, which consists of three sub-variables (efficient, satisfaction, and happiness). The SMART PLS (2.0 Version) was used to prove the impact of the variables.
Results: The results indicated that family coping had a significant impact on the health of the family. The hypothesis was taken from the value of the T-test on the structural model analysis, which shows T- statistics (13.966) > T-critical (1.96). The impact of family coping on the health is equal to 0.682 (OR). This means that if family coping is given one-unit value, it will increase the family health by 0.682 times.
Conclusion: The implementation of the family coping strategy will improve the capacity of the family to clarify health issues encountered, resolve family behaviors effectively and minimize risk factors. Furthermore, the coping mechanisms chosen by families in facing stress will have an impact on the reduction of illness symptoms in the members with schizophrenia.
Alligood, M. R. (2017). Imogene M.King: Sistem Konseptual dan Teori Middle-Range Pencapaian Tujuan (Model Konseptual Keperawatan). In Pakar Teori Keperawatan dan Karya Mereka (Edisi Bahasa Indonesia) (pp. 30–51). Elsevier Ltd.
Andersen, I., Poudyal, B., Abeypala, A., Uriarte, C., & Rossi, R. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial support for families of missing persons in Sri Lanka: A retrospective cohort study. Conflict and Health, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00266-0
Buckley LA, Maayan N, Soares-Weiser K, A. C. (2017). Supportive therapy for schizophrenia (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004716.pub4.www.cochranelibrary.com
Byba Melda Suhita, Prima Dewi Kusumawati, Heri Saputro, A. Y. (2020). Mechanism of Family-coping in Treating Patient with Schizophrenia Viewed from Factors that Affected it at Public Health Center of Balowerti, Kediri. Medico Legal Update, 20(1).
Caqueo-urízar, A., Rus-calafell, M., Craig, T. K. J., Irarrazaval, M., Urzúa, A., Boyer, L., Williams, D. R., & Rus-calafell, M. (2017). Schizophrenia : Impact on Family Dynamics. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0756-z
Cecilia Ayo´ n, F. F. M., & Bermudez-Parsai, and M. (2010). LATINO FAMILY MENTAL HEALTH: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF DISCRIMINATION AND FAMILISMO. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(6), 742–756.
De Vibe, M., Solhaug, I., Rosenvinge, J. H., Tyssen, R., Hanley, A., & Garland, E. (2018). Six-year positive effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, coping and well-being in medical and psychology students; Results from a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196053
Doornbos. (2007). Family Health Theory. In C. L. Sieloff & M. A.Frey (Eds.), Middle Range Theory Development Using King’s Conceptual Systemy (pp. 31–49). Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Doornbos MM. (2002). Predicting family health in families of young adults with severe mental illness. Journal of Family Nursing, 8(3), 241–263.
Ebrahimi, H., Seyedfatemi, N., Namdar Areshtanab, H., Ranjbar, F., Thornicroft, G., Whitehead, B., & Rahmani, F. (2018). Barriers to Family Caregivers’ Coping With Patients With Severe Mental Illness in Iran. Qualitative Health Research, 28(6), 987–1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318758644
Fusar-Poli, P., de Pablo, G. S., Correll, C. U., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Millan, M. J., Borgwardt, S., Galderisi, S., Bechdolf, A., Pfennig, A., & Kessing, L. V. (2020). Prevention of psychosis: advances in detection, prognosis, and intervention. JAMA Psychiatry.
Gassmann, W., Christ, O., Lampert, J., & Berger, H. (2013). The influence of Antonovsky’s sense of coherence (SOC) and psychoeducational family intervention (PEFI) on schizophrenic outpatients’ perceived quality of life: A longitudinal field study. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-10
Gear, C., Eppel, E., & Koziol-Mclain, J. (2018). Exploring the complex pathway of the primary health care response to intimate partner violence in New Zealand. Health Research Policy and Systems, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-018-0373-2
Geriani, D., Savithry, K. S. B., Shivakumar, S., & Kanchan, T. (2015). Burden of care on caregivers of schizophrenia patients: A correlation to personality and coping. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 9(3), VC01–VC04. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/11342.5654
Grover, S., Pradyumna, & Chakrabarti, S. (2015). Coping among the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 24(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.160907
Hamann, J., & Heres, S. (2019). Why and how family caregivers should participate in shared decision making in mental health. Psychiatric Services, 70(5), 418–421. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800362
King, I. M. (1981). A theory for nursing: System, concepts, pocess. Delmar.
Knight, F., Kokanović, R., Ridge, D., Brophy, L., Hill, N., Johnston-Ataata, K., & Herrman, H. (2018). Supported decision-making: the expectations held by people with experience of mental illness. Qualitative Health Research, 28(6), 1002–1015.
Lea Plessis , Philippe Golay , H ´ el ´ ene Wilquin , J ` er´ ome Favrod, ˆ, & Rexhaj, S. (2018). Internal validity of the French version of the Family Coping Questionnaire (FCQ): A confirmatory factor analysis. Psychiatry Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.021
Mandarelli, G., Carabellese, F., Parmigiani, G., Bernardini, F., Pauselli, L., Quartesan, R., Catanesi, R., & Ferracuti, S. (2018). Treatment decision-making capacity in non-consensual psychiatric treatment: a multicentre study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 27(5), 492–499.
Marazziti, D., Avella, M. T., Mucci, N., Della Vecchia, A., Ivaldi, T., Palermo, S., & Mucci, F. (2020). Impact of economic crisis on mental health: A 10-year challenge. CNS Spectrums, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852920000140
Martínez-montilla, J. M., Amador-marín, B., & Guerra-martín, M. D. (2017). Estrategias de afrontamiento familiar y repercusiones en la salud familiar : Una revisión de la literatura Family coping strategies and impacts on family health : A literature review ABSTRACT : Revista Trimestral de Enfermeria, 47, 576–591. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.3.255721
Mashudi, Widiyahseno, P. (2016). Grand Design Mad Village Ponorogo (Sugeng Mas). UM POnorogo Press.
Mashudi, S, Yusuf, A., Triyoga, R. S., Kusnanto, & Suhron, M. (2019). The burden in providing caregiving service to mentally illed patients in Ponorogo. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(10), 1070–1074. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02967.X
Mashudi, Sugeng, Nasriati, R., & Octaviani, E. (2020). Terapi Okupasi Sebagai Sarana Peningkatan Kesehatan Jiwa Penderita Skizofrenia. Jurnal Abdidas, 1(5), 313–317. https://doi.org/10.31004/abdidas.v1i5.62
Morimoto H, Furuta N, Kono M, K. M. (2019). Stress-buffering Effect of Coping Strategies on Interrole Conflict among Family Caregivers of People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol, 42(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2017.1368764. Epub 2017 Oct 9. PMID: 28990875
Murugappan, M. N., Seifert, R. D., & Farley, J. F. (2020). Examining Medicare Part D Medication Therapy Management program in the context of mental health. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 60(4), 571-579.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2019.12.008
Nasriati, R. (2017). Stigma and Family Support in Caring for People With Mental Disorders (ODGJ). Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu - Ilmu Kesehatan, XV(1), 56–65.
Nyman, M., Hofvander, B., Nilsson, T., & Wijk, H. (2020). Mental Health Nurses’ Experiences of Risk Assessments for Care Planning in Forensic Psychiatry. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 19(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2019.1646356
O’Hara, K. L., Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., & Tein, J. Y. (2019). Coping in context: The effects of long-term relations between interparental conflict and coping on the development of child psychopathology following parental divorce. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1695–1713. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000981
OECD/European Union. (2018). “Promoting mental health in Europe: Why and how?”, in Health at a Glance: Europe 2018: State of Health in the EU Cycle,. In Health at a Glance: Europe 2018 State of Health in the EU Cycle (pp. 19–43). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance_eur-2018-4-en
Pardede, J. K., Sirait, D., Riandi, R., Emanuel, P., Ruslan, L. (2016). EKSPRESI EMOSI KELUARGA DENGAN FREKUENSI KEKAMBUHAN PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA Emotional Expression Family With The Frequency Of Recurrence Of Patients With Schizophrenia. Idea Nursing Journal, VII(3), 53–61.
Plessis, L., Golay, P., Wilquin, H., Favrod, J., & Rexhaj, S. (2018). Internal validity of the French version of the Family Coping Questionnaire (FCQ): A confirmatory factor analysis. Psychiatry Research, 269, 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.021
PPNI. (2017). Standart Diagnosis keperawatan Indonesia: Definisi dan Indikator Diagnostik (I (cetakan). DPP PPNI.
Rayes, D., Karnouk, C., Churbaji, D., Walther, L., & Bajbouj, M. (2021). Faith-Based Coping Among Arabic-Speaking Refugees Seeking Mental Health Services in Berlin, Germany: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12(February), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.595979
Riskesdas. (2018). Healthy Portrait of Indonesia from Riskesdas 2018. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
S.Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Sin, J., Elkes, J., Batchelor, R., Henderson, C., Gillard, S., Woodham, L. A., Chen, T., Aden, A., & Cornelius, V. (2021). Mental health and caregiving experiences of family carers supporting people with psychosis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020001067
Smith, G. (2015). Skizophrenia. In I. Peate (Ed.), Mental Health Nursing at a Glance (First Edit, p. 34). John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
Spears, D. (2017). Making people happy or making happy people? Questionnaire-experimental studies of population ethics and policy. Social Choice and Welfare, 49(1), 145–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-017-1055-7
Storm, M., Fortuna, K. L., Brooks, J. M., & Bartels, S. J. (2020). Peer Support in Coordination of Physical Health and Mental Health Services for People With Lived Experience of a Serious Mental Illness. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(May), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00365
Susanto, T., Arisandi, D., Kumakura, R., Oda, A., Koike, M., Tsuda, A., Sugama, J. (2018). Development and testing of the family structure and family functions scale for parents providing adolescent reproductive health based on the Friedman family assessment model. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 26(2), 217-236. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.26.2.217
Tada, A. (2017). The associations among psychological distress, coping style, and health habits in Japanese nursing students: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111434
Takenaka, H., & Ban, N. (2016). The most important question in family approach: the potential of the resolve item of the family APGAR in family medicine. Asia Pacific Family Medicine, 15(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12930-016-0028-9
WHO. (1948). No Title. Definition of Health.
Yesufu-Udechuku, A., Harrison, B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Young, N., Woodhams, P., Shiers, D., Kuipers, E., & Kendall, T. (2015). Interventions to improve the experience of caring for people with severe mental illness: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(4), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.147561
Authors who publish with Jurnal Ners agree to the following terms:
- Authors transfer the Copyright and grant Jurnal Ners the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to remix, adapt and build upon the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and of the initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
- Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ners.
Jurnal Ners requires a formal written declaration and transfer of copyright from the author(s) for each article published. We, therefore, ask you to complete and return this form, retaining a copy for your own records. Your cooperation is essential and appreciated. Any delay will result in a delay in publication. The form can be downloaded HERE.
