Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya

Correlation Between Sleep Disturbance and Agression on Childern With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Fany Nabila Fauziah — 2025-05-01

Introductions: Children with autism are a group of people with a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by abnormalities and/or developmental disabilities, marked by the presence of abnormalities in social interaction, communication, and limited and repetitive behavior. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have more sleep disturbances that correlate with the severity of autism symptoms, such as aggression. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between sleep disturbances and aggression in children with autism at the Child Psychiatry Daycare Unit of Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: The research design used in this study is cross-sectional with a quantitative approach. Sampling was done using the total sampling method, resulting in 40 respondents. Sleep disturbance variables were measured using the Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire Abbreviated (CSHQ-A), and aggression variables were measured using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.841 with a significant p-value of < α 5% (0.05). Data analysis indicates that sleep disturbances in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are strongly and linearly related to the level of aggression displayed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the more severe the sleep disturbances experienced by autistic children, the more severe the aggression displayed by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Implementing the Emotional Openness Model through Inclusive Staging: A Therapeutic Approach for Children with Disabilities

Monita Precillia — 2025-05-01

Introduction: This study explores the utilization of the emotional openness model through the inclusion stage as an innovative therapeutic approach to enhance emotional expression in children with disabilities. This therapeutic approach is designed to provide a platform for emotional expression and social interaction through the performance “I Love the Sea.” Methods: include participatory observation, interviews, and analysis to assess the impact of the stage therapy program on the emotional openness of the children. Results: indicate significant improvements in positive emotional expression, enhanced interpersonal communication skills, and increased self-confidence among the participants. The study demonstrates that the inclusion stage approach serves as a therapeutic medium, creating a space for children with disabilities to express themselves creatively and foster more open social relationships. Conclusion: the implementation of the emotional openness model through the inclusion stage offers an innovative and inclusive solution to strengthen the emotional aspects of children with disabilities, supporting active interaction and enhancing their social integration.

The Relationship Between Substance use as a Coping Mechanism and Sleep Quality Among General Practitioners and Resident Doctors Serving Covid-19 Patients In Surabaya

Robertha Lutfi Andreani — 2025-05-01

Introduction: During the 2020 period, the number of positive COVID-19 cases in Indonesia experienced a surge. It was reported in a study that 5.7% of healthcare workers needed sleep medication since COVID-19. This research is aimed at analyzing the relationship between substance use as a coping mechanism and sleep quality among healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods: This study was conducted from March to August 2021 on general practitioners in the emergency room of hospitals who worked as clinicians in the pandemic era in Surabaya. Purposive sampling technique was used. Coping strategies related to substance use were evaluated using the Brief Cope Inventory (BCI), while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and insomnia severity was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data analysis was done using the Spearman correlation test (p < 0.1). Results: There was a relationship between substance use as a coping mechanism and sleep quality (α = 0.1) based on the ISI questionnaire (p = 0.096, r = 0.181), but using the PSQI (p = 0.568, r = 0.062), substance use did not significantly affect sleep quality. Many factors influence sleep quality, one of which is mental health conditions related to coping mechanisms. Substance use can cause various sleep disturbances. Conclusion: There is a relationship between substance use as a coping mechanism and sleep quality, but due to the minimal sample size, it may not sufficiently represent the population.

Self-Image Strengthening Program in Children With Disabilities and Chronic Illnesses: A Quasi-Experimental Research

Frilya Rachma Putri — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Children with disabilities/chronic illnesses often have difficulties in socializing and tend to have a low self-image. Parents, as the main children’s self-image-forming factor, also ex-perience difficulties in dealing with their children. This study aims to increase children’s and parents’ knowledge about self-image and acceptance, hence improving children’s self-image. Methods: A quasi-experimental research study with the intervention of three modules for children and parents was carried out between June and September 2022. Thirty children and their parents from the Community for Empowerment of Parents of Children with Special Needs, the Heart Warrior Community, and the Foundation for De-velopment of Disabled Children were included. Pretest and posttest were measured and statistically tested using the Wilcoxon test. At the end of the interventions, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Harm Inventory, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Pediatric Quality of Life were measured. Results: There was a sig-nificant increase in knowledge on 3 child modules and 1 parent module. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score is 17.17 ± 2.618 (good self-image); the Self-Harm Inventory score is 2.18 ± 3.275 (low risk of self-injury); the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire score is 18.37 ± 5.230 (moderate difficulty); and the Pediatric Qual-ity of Life value is 34.64 ± 12.077 (good quality of life). Conclusion: The self-image strengthening module intervention is effective in increasing children’s and parents’ knowledge. Children with dis-abilities/chronic illnesses have a good self-image, low self-harm tendencies, and relatively good quality of life.

Correlation between Groupwork Skills and Social Loafing Antecedents among Undergraduate Students

Franz Jerby Delos Santos — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Collaborative learning in academia is imperfect, as challenges such as uneven group participation may arise. Research on group work skills and social loafing in the academic context is also limited, particularly in higher education settings in the Philippines. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between group work skills and antecedents of social loafing among Filipino undergraduate students in their collaborative academic pursuits. This study primarily investigated how the group work skills of individuals engaging in social loafing influence their behaviors and those of peers. Methods: Data were collected from 410 Filipino undergraduate students (n = 410) attending both public and private higher education institutions (HEIs) in the National Capital Region (NCR). Participants willingly completed an online survey using Google Forms. Results: Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the study identified a weak yet significant negative correlation between group work skills and social loafing antecedents (r(408) = -.26, p < .001). Conclusion: The paper offers valuable insights into the dynamics of social loafing and underscores the importance of teamwork in academic settings. It emphasizes the significance of adopting a comprehensive approach to enhance group performance, emphasizing personal accountability, fair task allocation, and cultivating a constructive and stimulating social environment.

Occupation of The Husband is a Risk Factor for Psychological Problems Among Pregnant Immigrant Women in East Belitung, Indonesia

Darmika Caroline — 2025-05-01

Introduction: According to WHO, there are 970 million people in the world who had psychological problems. The prevalence of psychological problems is highest in women (34.5%), and pregnant women who had psychological problems, especially depression, were about 10%, and 13% occurred in postpartum mothers. Psychological disorders in pregnant women might be caused by various factors, including the husband’s occupation and residency status. In order to provide the necessary care to pregnant women, it is important to know whether there is a relationship between a husband’s occupation and demographic status with maternal psychological problems. With this study, the relationship between a husband’s occupation and demographic status with psychological problems of pregnant women in the work area of Manggar Health Center, East Belitung, Indonesia can be analyzed. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and analytic observation. The study sample consisted of 90 pregnant women (45 primiparous and 45 multiparous), who were randomly selected. The instrument used to collect data was the SRQ. Data from this study were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: The results showed that the psychological problems in pregnant women were associated with the husband’s occupation (p = 0.018) and demographic status (p = 0.014). Conclusion: There were significant findings on the relationship between a husband’s occupation, pregnant women’s demographic status, and psychological problems.

Effect of LAI Antipsychotics on Relapse Frequency and Adverse Drug Events of Schizophrenia Patients

Sabar Parluhutan Siregar — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Non-adherence to oral antipsychotic medication is common in schizophrenia patients, and it is very likely to lead to recurrence. Whereas the frequency of recurrence in schizophrenia is associated with poorer long-term outcomes and disease progression. The use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics has become a favorable approach in the management of schizophrenia, especially to reduce relapse rates and minimize treatment-related side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using LAI antipsychotics, specifically fluphenazine decanoate, on the relapse rate of schizophrenia patients as well as to assess the potential associated side effects. Methods: This study was a quantitative analytical study design with a retrospective cohort approach involving 1102 schizophrenia patients in RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang who received LAI therapy (fluphenazine decanoate) in various administration frequencies and time intervals. Data on relapse frequency and adverse drug events were obtained from medical records and adverse drug events yellow forms. The bivariate test used was a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The results showed that 77.86% of respondents received LAI with an administration interval ≥ 180 days, and 92% received LAI with low administration frequency (1–5 times). There was a significant decrease between the frequency of relapse in schizophrenia patients and the incidence of drug side effects before and after the administration of antipsychotic LAI. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the use of antipsychotic LAI (fluphenazine decanoate) can significantly reduce the frequency of relapse and the incidence of adverse drug events in schizophrenia patients.

Effectiveness of Community Smoking Prevention Education in Enhancing Adolescent’s Knowledge in Banyuwangi Indonesia

Azimatul Karimah — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Tobacco consumption increases the risk of chronic diseases and death. In Indonesia, the prevalence of active smokers is estimated to reach 27% of the population, or 70 million people, with 7.4% of them aged 10-18 years. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of community smoking prevention education in enhancing adolescent knowledge in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a pre- and post-test one-group approach. In this study, we employed total sampling as our sampling technique. The samples were students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Giri Banyuwangi, aged 14-16 years old. The intervention includes a presentation on long-term health consequences, the risk of addiction, and the adverse effects of smoking. Psychiatrists led our intervention, sharing general knowledge about smoking behavior and its risk for health outcomes. Results: The study ultimately employed a final sample of 49 participants. The paired t-test increased from the pre-test (53.47) to the post-test (63.47) score average. The standard deviation for the pre-test and post-test is 14.513. Eventually, the standard error mean for the pre-test and post-test is 2.073. The average learning outcome in the pre-test (53.47) is less than that of the post-test (63.47), and the p-value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: The study’s results indicated that prevention education had a significant impact on increasing adolescents’ knowledge about smoking (p = 0.000). Regular prevention programs could further enhance adolescents’ understanding of the topic.

Pornography Use and Its Impact on Professional Performance of Faculty of Medicine Udayana University Students

Fransiskus Asisi Tokan — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Pornography is a medium containing sexual content in various forms that is used to satisfy the sexual desires of its consumers. Technological advancements have eased access to pornography, increasing consumption especially among the productive age group. Addiction to pornography has several negative impacts such as increasing anxiety, stress, and depression, which reduces productivity. This study aims to determine the level of pornography addiction among students of the Faculty of Medicine at Udayana University and its impact on their productivity. Methods: This research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional design to determine the effect of pornography on the productivity of Udayana University students in 2021. The research instrument are collected through questionnaire in the form of Google Forms, distributed to the 2021 cohort of the Faculty of Medicine at Udayana University anonymously to allow respondents to be more open about their pornography use, thereby enhancing the validity of the research. The results were then analyzed using an independent t-test with SPSS version 26. Results: The Pornography Craving Questionnaire revealed that 19.44% (n=14) of respondents were addicted to pornography. Those who were addicted were dominated by male respondents (26.53% vs 4.34%). When compared to productivity scores from the Individual Job Performance Questionnaire, those who were addicted had an average score of 1.30 points lower than those who were not addicted, with a P-value <0.001. The non-addicted group showed significantly higher average productivity. Conclusions: Pornography negatively impacts users’ productivity, prompting more workplace interventions in the future.

Determinants of Mental Health Status in Indonesian Pre-elderly and Elderly with Comorbidities during COVID-19

Beny Aji Ifaudi Rahman — 2025-05-01

Introduction: The pre-elderly and elderly populations with comorbidities are among the vulnerable groups to having mental health issues during COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the mental health status of this population in Indonesia and analyze the associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 105 pre-elderly and older adults residing in Java Island, Indonesia, in September–October 2021. Mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Sociodemographic factors, hospital visits, and medication during the pandemic were also asked. Comparison of DASS-21 scores across these factors was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: More than half of the respondents were within a normal range of DASS scores. About 14% of respondents reported depression, and 17% reported stress symptoms, while about 41% were experiencing anxiety. There were gender differences in anxiety and stress scores and education differences in depression. DASS-21 scores were also varied by marital status (p < .05). No significant between-group differences in mental health status according to routine hospital visits and medication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Comorbidities are a risk factor for mental health problems in the pre-elderly and elderly. Women, low economic level, and unmarried individuals were among the vulnerable groups to develop mental health issues during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The Effectiveness of a Training Program for Reducing Speech Disorders Among Kindergarten Children

Naji Suleiman Suleiman — 2025-05-01

Introduction: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a comprehensive training program for reducing speech disorders among Kurdish-speaking kindergarten children, and to examine differences in parental evaluations of intervention outcomes. Despite the critical importance of early intervention for speech disorders, research in the Kurdistan Region is extremely limited, creating a significant gap in culturally and linguistically appropriate intervention approaches for Kurdish-speaking children. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design, children with speech disorders were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving a training program over eight weeks while the control group received no intervention. Assessment was conducted using a validated speech disorders scale measuring pronunciation, fluency, voice, expressive and receptive language, and social-linguistic interaction. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in the experimental group across all dimensions with large effect sizes, and significant differences between experimental and control groups in post-test scores. Parental evaluations showed high consistency, with only minor discrepancies between fathers’ and mothers’ assessments in specific dimensions. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the efficacy of structured, comprehensive early interventions for speech disorders in Kurdish-speaking kindergarten children, highlighting the importance of culturally adapted intervention approaches and suggesting that similar programs should be implemented in educational settings throughout the region.

Very Late Onset Schizophrenia Like Psychosis: A Case Report

Vini Victoria — 2025-05-01

Introduction: With the growth of the aging population, we need to ensure that elderly people can live the rest of their lives with a satisfactory quality of life. However, the occurrence of psychosis in the elderly, especially at a later age, is a risk for decreased quality of life and a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The first episode of psychosis in age 60 or over is called very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) and needs to be distinguished from secondary psychosis such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) with psychotic symptoms. Case: A 77-year-old woman was brought by her family to the geriatric psychiatry clinic due to strange behavior such as hearing voices and obeying the voices’ commands since the last 6 months that worsened in the last month. In the last month, the patient also had sleeping difficulty, pacing at night, and accusing family of trying to harm her. After one month of therapy with Risperidone, the patient was showing improvement in the reduction of the voices. Discussion: The patient was assessed as VLOSLP with the first episode of psychosis with schizophrenia spectrum core symptoms such as paranoid delusion and auditory-verbal hallucination. Conclusion: In this case, clinicians work with insufficient additional examination data, and that could also apply to clinicians in the remote area with no access to more comprehensive modalities to differentiate early stages of AD with psychosis and VLOSLP from clinical symptoms. However, more data is needed to establish clinical criteria regarding VLOSLP.

Religious-Spirituality Approach to Post-Stroke Depression Patients: An Evidence-Based Case Report

Sausan — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Stroke patients can develop a risk of depression due to decreased physiological and psychological functions. Management of post-stroke depression is one of the challenges in the care of stroke patients. A religious/spirituality management approach can be an alternative in the management of post-stroke depression. This evidence-based management is to evaluate management options with a religiosity/spirituality approach to reduce the risk of post-stroke depression. Case: A 54-year-old female patient came with her husband with complaints of changes in feelings and emotions, accompanied by difficulty sleeping and headaches. She felt dissatisfied with her religious worship properly. The patient was diagnosed with organic depression due to stroke. Discussion: Three quantitative studies have shown that a religiosity/spirituality approach in the management of post-stroke patients has the effect of reducing depression in patients through increased efficacy and self-acceptance. Based on three qualitative studies, it shows the effect of the religiosity/spirituality approach as a coping mechanism that can reduce depressive symptoms. The lack of quality of the study makes the religiosity/spirituality approach to reduce depression in the management of post-stroke patients need further study regarding its effectiveness and its effect on the wider population. Conclusion: The religiosity/spirituality approach can reduce depression and is suggested as one of the management options for post-stroke patients.

Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia: A Case Report

Lia Jessica — 2025-05-01

Introduction: First-generation antipsychotics could reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but also impair cognitive function. Cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia could be a significant burden experienced both by the patients and caregivers. Thus the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia should be addressed properly. The purpose of writing this article is to increase awareness in administering antipsychotics to elderly patients with schizophrenia, especially in the cognitive aspect and how to overcome possible cognitive decline. Case: An outpatient female schizophrenic patient who was on first-generation antipsychotic treatment complained of forgetfulness. The complaint started 5 years after she received her treatment. While she could still perform her activities of daily living independently, her instrumental activities of daily living were impaired. Her food got burnt while she was cooking, and she also took her medicine excessively because she forgot about it. Both of those events could be very dangerous for her. Discussion: Antipsychotics are the first-line pharmacotherapy for the treatment of schizophrenia but could also cause cognitive impairment. Management of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia could be performed both non-pharmacologically, by giving cognitive remediation therapy or physical exercise, and pharmacologically, by giving cholinergic agents such as donepezil. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia should be managed as well as psychotic symptoms.

Front Matter

Admin JPS — 2025-05-01

Front Matter

Fragile Under Fire: Personality Disorders Underneath Resilience Facade of Medical Students

Nazhifah Mahdiyah — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Medical students with personality disorders (PDs) often have to present a resilient facade to navigate the intense pressures of their academic and clinical training. These disorders can negatively influence their emotional well-being, academic success, and professional development. This review explores the prevalence, impact, and diagnostic methodologies of PDs among medical students. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies from PubMed and Scopus following primary keywords “personality disorder” and “medical student,” investigating the possible effects and manifestation of personality disorders in medical students. Results: Medical students had a higher prevalence of PDs (30.2%) compared to the general population (6.1%). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is the most prevalent type (21.8%). The impact of PDs, exacerbated by the high stress of medical education, can lead to the increasing rate of depression, burnout, and anxiety, which further impact both academic success and career progression. Early intervention, including the use of standardized diagnostic tools such as the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, can help to identify as well as enhance students’ overall well-being and performance. Conclusion: Medical students with PDs face significant challenges that impact their academic performance, emotional stability, and professional relationships. PDs require more extensive targeted mental health support and systemic changes in medical education. While there is no cure for PDs, therapy focusing on symptom management and emotional regulation can improve resilience and success. Addressing stigma and strengthening mental health services, curriculum integration, and peer support networks are essential for better outcomes.

Adverse Drug Reaction of Antipsychotic Medications Among Geriatric Patients: A Review

Sholikhah Rosvita Oktasari — 2025-05-01

Introduction: Antipsychotic is the drug of choice in patients with mental disorders, especially schizophrenia. The use of antipsychotics in geriatric patients presents a concern, as age can lead to physiological changes that can impact both therapeutic effects and side effects. Problems related to drug therapy, if not resolved, can lead to decreased quality of life, increased health care costs, increased clinical consequences, and even mortality. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate and assess adverse drug reactions of antipsychotics among geriatric patients. Methods: Systematic literature search using Cochrane, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar with a publication time limit from 2013 to 2023. We conducted the review in accordance with PRISMA provisions. We identified a total of 1145 articles and included 7 of them in the review. Results: This review presents the incidence of antipsychotic side effects in geriatric patients. The side effects that were observed included low blood pressure, increased blood pressure, somnolence, dizziness, constipation, agitation, weight gain, tremors and extra-pyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia, tachycardia, bradycardia, insomnia, and sedation. Regarding the regimen, four studies reported olanzapine. Two studies reported clozapine and risperidone, and one study reported haloperidol, cariprazine, levomepromazine, and quetiapine. Conclusion: Follow-up and long-term studies with larger sample sizes in geriatrics are needed to confirm the side effects of antipsychotics. Knowledge of drug side effects is useful for determining appropriate therapy for geriatric patients with psychiatric disorders.

Back Matter

Admin JPS — 2025-05-01

Back Matter