Risk Factors of Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Aged 3-60 Months at Primary Healthcare Centers (Puskemas) in Gresik
Downloads
Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This infection may happen in either the upper or lower respiratory tracts. It may also happen recurrently in some children according to the risk factors they have. This study aimed to understand the correlation between risk factors and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children aged 3-60 months at primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas) in Gresik.
Methods: This study used an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The amount of sample used was 110 patients with upper respiratory infection from October 2019-April 2020 at Puskesmas Industri and Puskesmas Alun-Alun, Gresik. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression. The data were taken from medical records as well as questionnaires.
Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that asthma (p = 0.000), exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.045), healthy home status (p = 0.002), and the occupancy of the house (p = 0.019) had correlations with the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory infection. Meanwhile, the multivariate analysis presented some variables which had significant correlation with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection such as asthma (p= 0.000), exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.012), and healthy home status (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between asthma, exposure to cigarette smoke, and healthy home status with the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children.
Hassen S, Getachew M, Eneyew B, et al. Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of Legambo District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: A Matched Case-Control Study. Int J Infect Dis IJID Off Publ Int Soc Infect Dis 2020; 96: 688–695.
Raniszewska A, Górska E, Kotuła I, et al. Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children - Analysis of Immunological Examinations. Cent J Immunol 2015; 40: 167–173.
El-Azami-El-Idrissi M, Lakhdar-Idrissi M, Chaouki S, et al. Pediatric Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections: When and How to Explore the Immune System? (About 53 cases). Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24: 53.
Cuppari C, Colavita L, Miraglia Del Giudice M, et al. Recurrent Respiratory Infections between Immunity and Atopy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31: 19–21.
Schaad UB, Esposito S, Razi CH. Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis; 4.
Li K-L, Wang B-Z, Li Z-P, et al. Alterations of Intestinal Flora and the Effects of Probiotics in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection. World J Pediatr 2019; 15: 255–261.
Acharya D, Prasanna KS, Nair S, et al. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: A Community Based Longitudinal Study in South India. Indian J Public Health 2003; 47: 7–13.
Hai-Feng LI, Yan Z, Pei-Gang J, et al. Risk Factors for Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Preschool Children in China. Iran J Pediatr 2014; 24: 14–22.
Pujokusuma N, Pamungkasari ETIP, Rahardjo SS. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Recurrent Respiratory Infection pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun. Smart Med Journal; Vol 1, No 2 Smart Med JournalDO - 1013057/smj.v1i228702 , https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/SMedJour/article/view/28702 (2019).
Pruikkonen H, Dunder T, Renko M, et al. Risk Factors for Croup in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: A Case-Control Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2009; 23: 153–159.
Trandafir LM, Boiculese L V, Dimitriu G, et al. Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. In: 2017 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). 2017, pp. 741–744.
de Oliveira TB, Klering EA, da Veiga ABG. Is Recurrent Respiratory Infection Associated with Allergic Respiratory Disease? J Asthma 2019; 56: 160–166.
Sienviolincia D, Suhanantyo, Suyatmi. Frekuensi Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut ( ISPA ) Berulang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Balita di Kelurahan Jebres Surakarta. Nexus Kedokt Komunitas 2017; 6: 11–17.
Imelda. Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dan Status Imunisasi dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut pada Balita di Aceh Besar. J Ilmu Keperawatan 2017; 5: 90–96.
Wark PAB, Johnston SL, Bucchieri F, et al. Asthmatic Bronchial Epithelial Cells Have a Deficient Innate Immune Response to Infection with Rhinovirus. J Exp Med 2005; 201: 937–947.
Fleming DM, Pannell RS, Elliot AJ, et al. Respiratory Illness Associated with Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90: 741–746.
Febrianti A. Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Pendidikan Ibu dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas 7 Ulu Kota Palembang. J Kesehat Saelmakers PERDANA 2020; 133–139.
Syahidi MH, Gayatri D, Bantas K. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Anak Berumur 12-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Kelurahan Tebet Barat, Kecamatan Tebet, Jakarta Selatan, Tahun 2013. J Epidemiol Kesehat Indones; 1.
Vanker A, Barnett W, Workman L, et al. Early-Life Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution or Tobacco Smoke and Lower Respiratory Tract Illness and Wheezing in African Infants: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Lancet Planet Heal 2017; 1: e328–e336.
Manese MM, Ratag BT, Rattu AJM. Faktor-Faktor Risiko Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Amurang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. KESMAS; 6.
Mayasari E. Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian ISPA Ditinjau dari Status Rumah di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Wilayah Utara Kota Kediri. IKESMA; Vol 13 No 1 (2017)DO - 1019184/ikesma.v13i17020 , https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/IKESMA/article/view/7020 (2017).
Ningrum EK. Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Rumah dan Kepadatan Hunian dengan Kejadian ISPA Non Pneumonia pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungai Pinang. J Publ Kesehat Masy Indones; 2.
Husna J, Mahfuz AS, Hayati R. Hubungan antara Rumah Sehat dan Pengetahuan Orang Tua dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Pasar Panas Kab. Barito Timur. An-Nadaa J Kesehat Masy 2015; 2: 6–13.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under “the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
JR (