Lung Aging and Lung Function Assessment in Elderly
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The lung is one of the organs that experiences the most frequent decline in function among the elderly. Reduced lung function associated with aging is a physiological condition. The lungs undergo a transformation in both their cellular composition and their functional capabilities. The lungs of an aging population may show structural changes to the respiratory muscles, chest wall, lung parenchyma, and upper and lower respiratory tracts. The elderly is more susceptible to reduced lung perfusion, respiratory mechanics, infection, and weaker respiratory muscles because of aging. The body plethysmograph, oscillometer, spirometry, and diffusing lung capacity of carbon monoxide are techniques used to assess lung function in the elderly. For elderly people, lung function testing might be challenging due to frailty and cognitive decline. Consequently, choosing the best lung function test method for elderly and offering an accurate and suitable interpretation of the test findings are crucial. Early detection of changes in lung function and accurate assessment of lung function can help identify lung function abnormalities in elderly and give the appropriate treatment and intervention. This review focuses on lung aging, the potential benefits, and drawbacks of different types of lung function tests in the elderly, and the proper way to interpret specific lung function tests in the elderly.
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