JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga

Clinical Profile of Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Surya Melati Muhammadiyah Hospital, Kediri, in 2021

Ahmad Zaidan Ni'am Abu Adha, Fahmi Adi Priyantoro — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

This study presented the clinical profile of hypertension in patients with DM, providing regional data not previously reported in the literature. It emphasizes the value of implementing targeted interventions.
Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms explained the link between DM and hypertension.

Abstract

Introduction: The cardiologic and vascular consequences of both diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension often occur side by side in a high incidence worldwide. They are primarily caused by the significant overlap of microvascular and macrovascular aberrations, as well as several other factors, making them closely related to one another. A better understanding between these two is needed. This study examined the clinical profile of hypertension in DM patients at Surya Melati Muhammadiyah Hospital, Kediri, in 2021.

Methods: This study employed an observational, descriptive design. The population of the study was patients with DM and hypertension treated at Surya Melati Muhammadiyah Hospital, Kediri, in 2021. This study used a total sampling method. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, age, and gender were the observed variables. All the necessary data were obtained from the patients’ medical records. All statistical data analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel.

Results: A total of 520 DM patients were included, comprising 185 males and 335 females. Most of them were between 51 and 60 years old, with a total of 233 patients. A total of 277 DM patients with hypertension were included, comprising 89 males and 188 females. Most of them were between 51 and 60 years old, with a total of 121 patients.

Conclusion: The number of diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension exceeded that of diabetes mellitus patients without hypertension. There were more female patients than males. Most of them were elderly.

Body Mass Index of Pregnant Women and Anemia in Children Aged 6-12 Months in Sidodadi, Pondok Kelapa, Central Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu, Indonesia

Tri Agustina, Noor Diah Erlinawati, Sri Utami Fajariyah — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

There is still a medium incidence of anemia in infants aged 6-12 months.
Pregnant women with high BMI and excessive weight gain are more likely to have anemic infants.
Nutrient intake for pregnant women and infants is essential to determining the incidence of anemia.

Abstract

Introduction: Children are more likely to experience psychological and motor developmental difficulties if they or their mothers have anemia. This study aimed to describe the maternal body mass index (BMI) during gestation and the prevalence of anemia in children aged 6-12 months.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted during integrated service post (posyandu) activities in Sidodadi, Pondok Kelapa, Central Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu, Indonesia, in February 2023, involving the collection of Maternal and Child Health Handbook (KIA) records and blood sampling on children. A total sample of 35 pairs of mothers and children was collected. The data in this study were analyzed using the Fisher test, with a p-value of <0.05 indicating an association between the variables tested, and employing the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows.

Results: Underweight mothers had one child with anemia (2.9%), mothers who had normal BMI had five children with anemia (14.3%), overweight mothers had two children with anemia (5.7%), whilst obese mothers had four children with anemia (11.4%). Fisher’s exact test results showed no significant difference in the anemia status of children between underweight to normal BMI mothers, as well as when compared to overweight to obese mothers, with a p-value of 0.261 or >0.05.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the anemia status of children with underweight up to normal maternal BMI mothers and overweight up to obese mothers.

Effect of Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on Pancreatic Islet of Langerhans’ Morphology and Cell Count of Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to High-Calorie Diet

Eny Wulan Sari, Hayuris Kinandita Setiawan, Alphania Rahniayu, Lilik Herawati — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

Moderate-intensity continuous training exercise did not affect the diameter of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in a high-calorie diet subject.
Moderate-intensity continuous training exercise did not affect the number of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in a high-calorie diet subject.

Abstract

Introduction: Calorie consumption that exceeds normal limits each year can be a risk factor in causing diabetes mellitus (DM). This condition causes the body to be in a state of hyperglycemia, which will trigger changes in the diameter and number of Langerhans islet cells. Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is recommended as a physical exercise method to help prevent DM.

Methods: This true experimental study used a randomized post-test-only control group design. Wistar female rats were randomly divided into three large groups: (A) the control group without a high-calorie diet and exercise, (B) the group with a high-calorie diet without exercise, and (C) the group with both a high-calorie diet and exercise (MICT). This experiment lasted for four weeks with an exercise frequency of five times a week. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that group differences in diameter had results of p=0.130 (p>0.05), while the number of islets of Langerhans had results of p=0.068 (p>0.05).

Results: There was no significant difference in the islets of Langerhans’ diameter between the three groups (p=0.116). The number of islets of Langerhans also had no significant differences (p=0.068).

Conclusion: There was no significant effect of a high-calorie diet and MICT physical exercise on the diameter and number of pancreatic islets of Langerhans cells in female rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Histopathological Grading based on BI-RADS Mammography Category 4 and 5 in Breast Cancer

Farhan Ubaidillah Ramadhan, Lies Mardiyana, Etty Hary Kusumastuti, Husnul Ghaib — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

Most breast cancer patients were in the 45-49 years old age group.
There was no difference in the age interval between BI-RADS C-4 and C-5 in breast cancer patients.
There was no difference in histopathological grading between BI-RADS C-4 and C-5 in breast cancer patients.

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The diagnosis of breast cancer is established by a triple diagnostic, such as clinical examination, radiology (mammography), and histopathology. This study aimed to compare mammography breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category 4 and 5 with histopathological grading of breast cancer at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya.

Methods: This was an observational, descriptive study with a comparative approach, utilizing secondary data from medical records of breast cancer patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2017 to December 2021. There were 234 samples of patients who met the inclusion criteria. All statistical data were analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, with a p<0.05 regarded as statistically significant.

Results: The breast cancer patients were most prevalent in the 45-49 years old age group (20.9%). The highest distribution of the BI-RADS category was C-5 (85.9). The highest distribution of histopathological grading was grade III (53%). There was no difference in age intervals between BI-RADS C-4 and BI-RADS C-5 in breast cancer patients (p=0.499). There was no difference in histopathological grading between BI-RADS C-4 and C-5 in breast cancer patients (p=0.592).

Conclusion: There was no difference either in age interval or histopathological grading between BI-RADS category 4 and 5 in breast cancer patients.

Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hospitalized Children at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

Winnie Kitty, Yulia Iriani, Ariesti Karmila — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

Antibiotic resistance patterns before and during COVID-19 have changed.
There was an increase in MDR, MRSA, ESBL, and CRE isolates.

Abstract

Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced antibiotic usage patterns due to overlapping clinical symptoms between viral and bacterial infections. This may lead to inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions, thereby increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study examined antibiotic resistance patterns in hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting their clinical and epidemiological significance.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Central Laboratory Installation at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. All patients aged 1 month to 18 years old with blood cultures and antibiotic sensitivity test results were included. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and linear regression in Microsoft Excel and the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows.

Results: The proportion of Gram-positive bacterial isolates increased from 66% before the pandemic to 75% during the pandemic. The proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates rose from 71.7% to 74.3%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates rose from 20.6% to 25.8%. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) isolates increased from 81.8% to 88.9%. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Significant resistance changes were observed in S. aureus to oxacillin.

Conclusion: There was a change in antibiotic resistance patterns during the pandemic. These findings are crucial for antibiotic stewardship and clinical policy-making.

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Pneumonia in COVID-19 Patients at First Admission of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, in June-August 2021

Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

This was the first study that described the radiological features of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients at first admission to Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, during the Delta wave.
This study presented the gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.

Abstract

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gave rise to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Pneumonia in COVID-19 can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which could lead to damage to end organs. This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological profile of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients at first admission to the emergency department of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, in June-August 2021.

Methods: This was a single-center, descriptive study of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia (n=193) at their first admission to the emergency department of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from June to August 2021. The demographic data, pre-existing comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, and radiological findings were collected from the electronic medical record and analysed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.

Results: Out of all the COVID-19 patients included in the study (n=193), most of them were 18-64 years old (86.0%), and the majority were males (50.8%). Of 193 patients, 51.3% had pre-existing comorbidities. Most patients (95.9%) experienced pulmonary symptoms, with shortness of breath being the most common. On chest radiograph, 60.1% patients showed consolidation with central and peripheral predominance (60.6%) and bilateral lung involvement (91.2%).

Conclusion: This study presented a description of the clinical and radiological findings in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. Most of which showed extensive lesions on chest radiograph along with dyspnea, which may suggest that most patients were suffering from late-stage and severe COVID-19 with pneumonia. To confirm this suggestion, further research is needed.

Profile of Patients with Viral Infection at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2016-2018

Melati Adinda Putri, Linda Astari, Bramantono Bramantono, Sylvia Anggraeni — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

The most common viral skin infections at the Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2016-2018 were shingles, verruca vulgaris, varicella, molluscum contagiosum, and measles.
Viral skin infections predominantly affected late teens (17-25 years old), females, and each disease presented different clinical manifestations and treatments.

Abstract

Introduction: The high incidence of viral skin infections in Indonesia, combined with a lack of understanding of risk factors and prevention measures, poses a significant problem. Few studies have examined the epidemiological profile of viral skin infections in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of patients with viral infections at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2016 to 2018.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study based on the medical records of 560 patients collected between January 2016 and December 2018 (n=560). All data calculations were performed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.

Results: The prevalence of the five viral infections was 71.8% among all patients with viral infections. The most common diagnosis was shingles (47.5%), the most affected age group was late teens (17-25 years old) (21.3%), the most common gender was female (52,9%), the most frequent clinical manifestation was vesicles (52.1%), and the most commonly used therapy type was topical (73.4%).

Conclusion: The number of patients with viral infections at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, has increased annually, requiring more comprehensive management to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Mortality Profile of COVID-19 Co-Infection in HIV/AIDS Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Catur Ifda Januarti, Musofa Rusli, Jusak Nugraha, Dwiyanti Puspitasari — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

The majority of HIV/AIDS patients who succumbed to the effects of co-infection at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, were of productive age, with the predominant complications being anemia and bacterial infections.
Tuberculosis was listed as the most common opportunistic infection that exacerbated the condition of HIV/AIDS patients and caused death during the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.

Abstract

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immune system disease caused by the HIV infection, making individuals susceptible to various diseases, including coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients can worsen the severity of the diseases, especially in those with comorbidities, complications, and opportunistic infections, potentially leading to death. This study aimed to determine the mortality profile of COVID-19 co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2020 to December 2022.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional method, utilizing secondary data from 48 medical records of COVID-19 co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2020 to December 2022, collected through a total sampling technique.

Results: Of the 105 total HIV/AIDS patients with COVID-19 co-infection, 48 were selected in this study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mortality profile showed a predominance of males (75%), with an average age of 36.5 years. The most common comorbidity was bacterial infection (38.6%), with the highest complication being anemia (55.6%), and the most prevalent opportunistic infection being tuberculosis/TB (50%).

Conclusion: The mortality profile of COVID-19 co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients indicated a higher occurrence among males, with an average age of 36.5 years old. The most common comorbidity was bacterial infection, whilst the most prevalent complications include anemia, with TB being the most frequent opportunistic infection.

The Frequency of Fast-Food Consumption and the Habit of Using Gadgets and Playing Games as Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity

Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

No relationship between the frequency of fast-food consumption as a risk factor for obesity in elementary school children. This result was based on interviews with students of Rangkah VII Elementary School during their daily life activities and their tendencies.
No relationship between the habit of playing gadgets and games as a risk factor for obesity in elementary school children. This result was based on interviews with students of Rangkah VII Elementary School during their daily life activities and their tendencies.

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is defined as the result of excessive fat accumulation caused by an energy imbalance, and it poses significant health risks. The contributing factors to be considered in this instance are the frequent consumption of fast food and reduced physical activity, which result from the increased use of gadgets and games. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the aforementioned factors and the prevalence of obesity among elementary school children.

Methods: The heights and weights of 112 participants were measured to calculate their body mass index (BMI). The respondents were interviewed directly about their fast-food consumption habits over a one-week period and their daily use of gadgets and games. This study employed bivariate analysis to examine the relationships between variables in a sample, using the Chi-Square test with odds ratio determination, a 95% confidence interval, and a significance level of 0.05, as implemented in the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.

Results: The chi-square test showed p>0.05, indicating no significant relationship between fast-food consumption or gadget use and obesity in elementary school children.

Conclusion: There was no association between the frequency of fast-food consumption and the habit of playing gadgets and games as a risk factor for obesity in elementary school children.

Profile of Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients at the Neurological Inpatient Installation of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January to June 2022

Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

Modifiable risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke were hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and smoking history.
Non-modifiable risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke were gender and age.

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Hemorrhagic strokes are more common in men, and their risks increase with age. This study aimed to determine the risk factor profile for hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage/ICH and subarachnoid hemorrhage/SAH) among patients in the neurological inpatient installation of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from January to June 2022.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive observational method, utilizing secondary data obtained from the medical records of patients with hemorrhagic stroke at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from January to June 2022. The data calculations were performed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The variables examined in this study included the type of hemorrhagic stroke, non-modifiable risk factors, modifiable risk factors, and other risk factors.

Results: In total, 50 medical records were retrieved. The type of hemorrhagic stroke was dominated by intracerebral hemorrhage. Among them, 29 (58%) patients were males, 35 (70%) patients were 46-65 years old, 41 (82%) patients had hypertension, 16 (32%) patients had diabetes mellitus (DM), 19 (38%) patients had dyslipidemia, 8 (16%) patients had a history of smoking, 14% of patients had aneurysms. Only 2% of patients had arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Conclusion: The dominant risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke were gender, age 46-65 years old, and hypertension.

Profile of Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy Examination Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the ORL-HNS Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2018–2021

Aisyah Nur Salsabila, Rizka Fathoni Perdana, Awalia Awalia, Nyilo Purnami — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

No differences were observed in any of the variables before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Only diagnosis variables differed between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract

Introduction: Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FOL) is indicated for various conditions in patients with abnormal upper airway anatomy. This study aimed to determine the profile of flexible FOL examinations at the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) outpatient unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2018 to 2021.

Methods: This retrospective study used secondary data from medical records of patients who underwent flexible FOL examinations at the ORL-HNS outpatient unit from 2018 to 2021. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients’ medical records who had complete profiles, successful laryngoscopy, and diagnoses that met the specified variable criteria.

Results: A total of 723 patients underwent flexible FOL at the ORL-HNS outpatient clinic during the study period. Before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, most of these patients were males, between 20 and 59 years old, unemployed, and lived out of town. The most common procedure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was FOL. Laryngomalacia was the common diagnosis before the COVID-19 pandemic. Malignancy in the larynx was the common diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: The variables age, sex, place of residence, occupation, and type of action remained consistent before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the diagnosis variable had different results.

Risk Factor Pattern of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Royhan Akbar, Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko, Evelyn Komaratih, Deasy Ardiany — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

Female patients are more likely to suffer from GO.
Most GO patients have high thyroid levels (hypothyroidism).

Abstract

Introduction: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition that extends beyond the thyroid gland. The development of GO may be influenced by various risk factors, some of which may interact with each other. This study aimed to identify the most prevalent risk factors for patients with GO from 2019 to 2022 at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, examining 150 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study measured the age, gender, and systemic thyroid status of all patients. This study used Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel for Mac version 16.87 to process data.

Results: Between 2019 and 2022, 150 patients were diagnosed with GO at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. The condition was more prevalent in females than males, and the most common age group affected was between 30 and 50 years old. Additionally, 72% of patients with GO also had hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion: Graves' ophthalmopathy was more prevalent in female patients, aged between 30 and 50 years old, with the majority having hyperthyroidism. Future studies should be conducted on the patterns of GO risk factors on a larger scale to more accurately represent the disease in the general population.

The Permethrin Use and Personal Hygiene Practices on the Incidence of Recurrent Scabies in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) X Trenggalek, Indonesia

Aulia Putri Ayuningtyas, Feny Tunjungsari, Djaka Handaja — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

Scabies is ranked third out of the 12 most common skin diseases in Indonesia.
The main assessments for scabies, based on the World Health Organization (WHO), include the use of 5% permethrin cream.

Abstract

Introduction: Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by infection with the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. This study examined the relationship between permethrin use and personal hygiene practices on the incidence of scabies in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) X Trenggalek, Indonesia.

Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, utilizing medical records and questionnaires collected from July to August 2023 in Trenggalek, Indonesia. The samples were the medical records of UPTD X Trenggalek, Indonesia.

Results: Twenty-seven respondents were employed in this study. The highest number of respondents was males, totaling 63% of all respondents. The age of the majority of respondents ranged from 2 to 11 years old, with 48.1% of all respondents. The majority of respondents (74.1%) use permethrin as recommended. There was a significant relationship (p=0.000) between the personal hygiene variable and the incidence of scabies, with a correlation coefficient between the two variables (r=0.581). There was a significant relationship (p=0.001) between the personal hygiene variable and the incidence of scabies, with a correlation coefficient between the two variables (r=0.537).

Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between permethrin use and personal hygiene on the incidence of scabies, which was observed simultaneously with a strong correlation.

Positivity Proportion of Xpert MTB/RIF in Suspected Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Sabila Salsabila, Ni Made Mertaniasih, Retno Asih Setyoningrum — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

This study utilized Xpert MTB/RIF result data from children using both sputum and gastric lavage specimens, which is different from previous studies that relied solely on sputum specimens.
“Mycobacterium tuberculosis not detected” was the most common result on the Xpert MTB/RIF examination in suspected pediatric TB cases.

Abstract

Introduction: The difficulty of diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) is the most significant challenge in pediatric pulmonary TB cases. More accurate and faster diagnostic tools are essential for detecting TB infections, enabling the implementation of appropriate therapy and treatment management more effectively and promptly. This study aimed to determine the proportion of positive results using the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay as a rapid molecular method in suspected pediatric pulmonary TB patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive-retrospective design, utilizing data obtained from medical records. The total number of samples included in this study was 373 samples (n=373). The data was analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows.

Results: The most commonly used specimen from pediatric TB patients in the Xpert MTB/RIF examination was sputum, accounting for 59.2%. The most common result from the Xpert MTB/RIF examination was “MTB not detected,” with a prevalence of 88.2%.

Conclusion: The most commonly used specimen for the Xpert MTB/RIF examination of pediatric pulmonary TB was sputum. The majority of results found with the Xpert MTB/RIF examination were “MTB not detected” both in sputum and gastric aspirate specimens.

E-Learning Readiness and Anxiety Levels among Preclinical Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Dery Wahyudi, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ita Armyanti — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Highlights:

The e-learning readiness measurements were positive, and the level of anxiety was found to be relatively low.
Many factors can affect both aspects of e-learning readiness and anxiety among medical students.

Abstract

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on all sectors, including education. The change from conventional learning systems to e-learning during the pandemic could affect students' mental health, such as the emergence of anxiety. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between e-learning readiness and anxiety levels, a topic that has not been previously studied in Indonesia.

Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 132 preclinical medical students were chosen through a stratified random sampling technique. Variables were measured using the e-learning readiness (ELR) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaires. Bivariate analysis using Spearman's rho correlation test was performed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 24.0, with a p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed that the sample was ready to run e-learning but needed minor improvement (55.3%) and had low anxiety levels (87.1%). Spearman's rho correlation test showed no significance, with p=0.545 (p>0.05; r=-0.053).

Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between e-learning readiness and anxiety levels of preclinical medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results are crucial for evaluating the ongoing implementation of e-learning as a form of innovation in medical education, even after the COVID-19 pandemic has ended.