Journal of Vocational Health Studies

LIVER CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN A CHILD: A CASE REPORT

2024-02-20T09:12:09+07:00

Background: Two-thirds of primary liver tumors in children are malignant. Hepatoblastoma (HBL) accounts for 40-60 percent of pediatric liver tumors and is the most common malignant liver tumor. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common malignancy in children, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. Both malignant liver tumors have similar clinical and imaging features, but different prognosis and treatment. Purpose: This report aims a case of liver cancer related to hepatitis B virus infection in a child. Case analysis: A 15-year-old girl presented with a two-month history of right upper quadrant pain along with abdominal distension, weight loss, back pain, anorexia, nausea, weakness and fatigue for 5 months prior to admission. Physical examination revealed a hard, firm mass with a bumpy surface in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and splenomegaly. Laboratory test showed an increase in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), Alpha Feto Protein (AFP), quantitative Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, and HBsAg reactive. Abdominal Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) revealed malignant solid mass with necrotic component inside, indistinct borders, irregular margins and kissing spleen. Result: The diagnosis of liver cancer in this patient suggested HCC associated with chronic hepatitis B infection. Conclusion: Routine follow-up of all children with chronic hepatitis B infection is crucial because of the risk of developing liver cancer in adolescence and adulthood.

MAKING DIAGNOSTIC WAX UP OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN CROSS BITE CASES

2025-03-25T10:05:21+07:00

Background: An anterior crossbite is a type of malocclusion in which one or more maxillary anterior teeth are positioned lingually to the mandibular anterior teeth, compromising aesthetics and reducing patient confidence. A thorough understanding of the patient's chief complaint is essential for developing an effective treatment plan. A diagnostic wax-up is recommended to improve predictability and facilitate the modification of maxillary and mandibular relationship ultimately enhancing aesthetic outcome. Purpose: To describe the procedure for creating a diagnostic wax-up of the maxillary anterior teeth in an anterior crossbite case for aesthetic purposes. Case analysis: Maxillary and mandibular working models were received, showing an anterior reverse bite malocclusion, with an overjet of -3 mm and an overbite of 2 mm. The dentist requested a diagnostic wax-up of the maxillary anterior teeth to achieve optimal aesthetic results. Result: The master model was received, marked, occluded, and mounted on an articulator. Wax was then applied and shaped to refine the anatomy of tooth 21, with the point and line angles adjusted toward the center to create a smaller appearance while carefully considering the height and convexity. Wax restorations were made covering 6 anterior teeth from maxillary left canine to maxillary right canines with the occlusal relationships adjusted to approximate a normal appearance. Conclusion: The diagnostic wax-up procedure involves preparing the working models, establishing the median line, mounting the models on an articulator, and sequentially waxing teeth numbers 11 and 21 first, followed by teeth 12 and 22, and finally teeth 13 and 23. The overjet is increased to achieve a more normal maxillomandibular occlusion, followed by careful evaluation.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF DIALYSIS AND HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION WITH HEPATITIS C SEROPREVALENCE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC HOSPITAL

2023-12-06T06:58:14+07:00

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that causes hepatitis C disease. Hemodialysis patients are a group at high risk of becoming infected with the HCV. Based on prior research, the duration of hemodialysis has been identified as an independent risk factor for HCV. Risk factors for HCV transmission in hemodialysis patients can also include blood transfusions. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of dialysis and the history of blood transfusion with HCV seroprevalence in hemodialysis patients at Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital. Method: This research utilized a cross-sectional research design. The research data were based on secondary data from the medical records of hemodialysis patients at Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital. Result: The results were analyzed descriptively and statistically using the Chi-square test with significance (α = 0.05). Data obtained from this research showed that the HCV seroprevalence of hemodialysis patients at Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital is 20.5%. The test results revealed a relationship between duration of dialysis with HCV seroprevalence in hemodialysis patients is a p-value = 0.021 (p-value < α), and a relationship between history of blood transfusion with HCV seroprevalence in hemodialysis patients is a p-value = 0.024 (p-value < α). Conclusion: The results of the Chi-square test showed a relationship between duration of dialysis and history of blood transfusion with HCV seroprevalence in hemodialysis patients at Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital.

APPLICATION OF THE BEHAVIORALLY ANCHORED RATING SCALE (BARS) IN ASSESSING EMPLOYEES’ OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

2023-12-11T19:16:41+07:00

Background: In 2017, at PT. XY, the average Frequency Rate (FR) was 4.68 accidents for every one million working hours, while the average Severity Rate (SR) was 336.16 lost workdays per one million work hours. These indicators reveal that 264 accidents and 18.983 working days lost during 56.469.736 working hours throughout the current year. Purpose: This research aims to determine the level of alertness among workers and investigate their behavior in carrying out tasks at the PT. XY factory. Method: Worker data were collected using sampling techniques and analyzed employing the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) method to provide potential dangers and worker behavior in the PT. XY factory section. The research approach applied was quantitative, collecting data through the distribution of 44 questionnaires to workers in that section. Result: The potential hazards occurring in the PT. XY factory were attributed to workers’ lack of attention to Situational Awareness (SA) while doing work, where in the PT. XY factory section there are three processes, namely first press, second press, and filtration stage. The results of the confidence levels in the office section of the PT. XY factory showed actual accuracy and perceived accuracy values of 46.67% and 86.67%, respectively. In the process section, workers exhibited actual accuracy and perceived accuracy values of 42.85% and 84.28%, while in the maintenance section, the actual accuracy value was 44.81% and the perceived accuracy was 84.90%. Conclusion: Based on data analysis, office workers showed the highest level of alertness (65.00%), followed by maintenance workers (63.67%), while workers in the process section showed the lowest alertness level (63.00%).

DESIGN OF INTERNAL AUDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

2024-03-27T10:46:08+07:00

Background: The internal audit assessment of the Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (OSHMS) in the container terminal company currently uses semi-digital forms. The company’s existing audit forms used general data processing software (Microsoft Excel), which was ineffective and inefficient in fulfilling the internal audit assessment of OSHMS. It also needed to be adjusted, referring to the guidelines of the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012. Digitalization through information systems is recommended to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal audit assessment of OSHMS in the company. Purpose: To analyze the requirements for the internal audit information systems of OSHMS in the company. Method: This study used the direct test method to determine the function of features and menus on the information systems interface and usability testing to determine the percentage of system usability for users. Descriptive analysis was used to identify the requirements for the internal audit information systems of OSHMS in the company. Result: Based on the study conducted, there were minor adjustments to the forms of internal audit of OSHMS in accordance with current regulations. The fulfillment of 166 audit criteria for internal audits of OSHMS at the advanced level in the company required 99 documents of audit evidence. The direct test results show that the information systems function is running according to the study objectives. The results of the usability testing obtained a percentage of 83.15%. Conclusion: The internal audit information systems of OSHMS can be implemented and provide benefits for the company.

EFFECT OF REPEATED FIRING OF PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL ON PORCELAIN COLOR CHANGE

2024-04-03T09:22:28+07:00

Background: The color of the porcelain surface is the main criterion for achieving perfect aesthetics. A factor that influences the color is the amount of firing of the porcelain. Purpose: To determine the color change of porcelain after repeated firing four times. Method: The research specimens consisted of 6 metals coated with Classic porcelain and 6 metals coated with Noritake porcelain and were subjected to four firing stages, then each stage was fired four times. The color change value was measured using VITA Easyshade. Statistical analysis using ANOVA. Result: The Classic and Noritake groups experienced a significant increase in color change from 1^st to 2^nd burning and from 1^st to 3^rd burning with a p-value < 0.05. There is a significant difference in the color change value based on the repetition of porcelain firing with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. There is a significant difference in the color change value based on porcelain products with a significant value of 0.020 < 0.05. There is no significant effect between repeated firing on porcelain and porcelain products in affecting the color change value with a significance value of 0.143 > 0.05. Conclusion: Both product groups experienced an increase in color change from firing 1^st to 2^nd and from firing 1^st to 3^rd. There was no increase in color change from firing 2^nd to firing 3^rd. There are significant differences in color change values based on porcelain products and there is no significant effect between repeated firing on porcelain and porcelain products on affecting color change values.

DEHYDRATION LEVELS AND DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION ON WORK FATIGUE AT PT. PAL INDONESIA

2024-03-15T12:51:30+07:00

Background: Work fatigue among PT. PAL Indonesia workers occurs due to several factors, such as working under high temperatures and sunlight without the aid of temperature reducing equipment and the lack of easily accessible drinking water around the workplace, which can trigger dehydration in workers. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the strength of the relationship between drinking water consumption and dehydration on work fatigue in floating and digging dock workers at PT. PAL Indonesia. Method: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach, involving a sample of 26 dock workers from the Harkan Division at PT. PAL Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through measuring work fatigue using a reaction timer, questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Result: The analysis between variables shows a strong relationship between dehydration and work fatigue of 0.606 and a very weak relationship between drinking water consumption and the incidence of work fatigue of 0.135. Conclusion: It is suggested that the company should regularly provide drinking water supplies for workers and place them in locations that are easily accessible. Apart from that, the company should encourage workers to consume more water instead of other drinks to protect them from possible diseases beyond work fatigue.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT (CARICA PAPAYA L.) AS AN ANTIAGGREGATION AGENT ON PLATELET COUNT AND PLATELET AGGREGATION: IN VITRO STUDY

2024-02-26T14:09:20+07:00

Background: In hypertensive patients, platelet hyperaggregation may lead to acute ischemic stroke, which can increase mortality or neurological deficits. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) has potential effect to mitigate complications arising from hyperaggregation, because its effectiveness as antiplatelet aggregants. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf extract as an antiaggregation on platelet count and platelet aggregation. Method: A quasi-experimental design was adopted observing platelet counts utilizing a hematology analyzer medonic M32 and assessing platelet aggregation values through the velaskar method. These assessments were conducted on citrated blood samples, including a control group, aspirin at 5 ppm, and a group with citrated blood augmented with papaya leaf extract at concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm. Result: The platelet count in citrated blood was 186.000 cells/μL and platelet aggregation was 75%. When with aspirin at 5 ppm, the platelet count was 153.000 cells/μL and platelet aggregation was 71%. In ethanol extract from papaya leaves at 5 ppm, a platelet count of 160.750 cells/μL and platelet aggregation of 70% were exhibited. At 10 ppm, the platelet count was 149.125 cells/μL and platelet aggregation was 65%. At 15 ppm, the platelet count was 105.675 cells/μL and platelet aggregation was 56%. The results of the General Linear Model (GLM) test indicated that p (Sig.) < 0.05. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of papaya leaves can be used effectively as an antiplatelet agent, reducing both platelet count and platelet aggregation at minimum concentrations of 5 ppm and 10 ppm of papaya leaf extract.

THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF AVOCADO SEED EXTRACT (PERSEA AMERICANA) AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR ON SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC OF ORTHODONTIC WIRES

2024-09-23T17:43:51+07:00

Background: The surface roughness of orthodontic arch wires is an essential factor that affects the effectiveness of arch-guided tooth movement. Metal wires exposed to the oral cavity environment are susceptible to corrosion. The corrosion process cannot be stopped but can be inhibited using natural inhibitors that contain antioxidant compounds, such as tannins found in avocado seeds. Tannins in avocado seed extract can act as a corrosion inhibitor through two working mechanisms, a passive layer and an adsorption process. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the viability of avocado seed extract as a corrosion inhibitor on the surface characteristic of orthodontic wires. This research is an experimental laboratory research. Method: A total of 48 orthodontic wires (stainless steel, nickel titanium, and Titanium-Molybdenum Alloy (TMA)) were prepared and divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment groups were immersed in avocado seed extract at concentration of 1.5 g/L (T-1), 2 g//L (T-2) and 2.5 g/L (T-3) for 7 days with twice daily immersion of 1 minute each. A TR 220 surface roughness tester (ΔRa) was used to evaluate surface characteristic. The data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc LSD test with a significance value of p-value < 0.05. Result: The average surface roughness increased in all control groups except for stainless steel wire which did not show a significant difference with p-value = 0.716. Furthermore, the difference test between groups on each wire showed different results. Conclusion: Avocado seed extract is effective as a corrosion inhibitor for orthodontic wires.

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM (LAM.) LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2024-10-30T13:31:21+07:00

Background: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) (Family: Crassulaceae), also known as Kalanchoe pinnatum, is a perennial herb, 3 to 5 meters tall, with opposed glabrous leaves. It is used to treat various illnesses due to its many health benefits. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the biological importance of B. pinnatum leaf extracts against some pathogenic bacteria. Method: Freshly harvested leaves of B. pinnatum were collected, air-dried, pulverized to powder and stored in air-tight containers using standard methods. Extracts were obtained from the powder using ethanol, ethyl acetate and distilled water. Pathogenic bacterial isolates were collected and their identity were confirmed using colonial and biochemical tests. The extracts were screened for antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical potentials using standard methods. Result: The highest percentage yield was obtained with the ethanol extract (12.2%) of B. pinnatum and the lowest yield (5.3 %) was obtained with the ethyl acetate extract. The ethanol extract was effective against eight (8) out of the thirteen test isolates, while the aqueous extract had the lowest activity and was effective against only two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophillus influenzae). The lowest MIC observed with the three extracts is 25 mg/ml. B. pinnatum leaf extracts possess high antioxidant properties that are concentration dependent. The phytochemical constituents that were recorded in this study include saponins, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and glycosides. Steroid was present in only the ethanol extract but absent in the other two. Conclusion: B. pinnatum leaves have antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical properties and could be further utilized to manage bacterial infections.

Back Matter Vol. 9 No. 1 2025

2025-07-31T09:13:53+07:00

Back Matter Vol. 9 No. 1 2025

Front Matter Vol. 9 No. 1 2025

2025-07-31T09:10:20+07:00

Front Matter Vol. 9 No. 1 2025