Journal of Parasite Science (JoPS)

The first annotated checklist of parasites infecting the one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius (Artiodactyla: Camelidae), of Saudi Arabia between 1950-2021

Haitham Alnaqeb — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Based on the published works of camels in Saudi Arabia, this study is the first checklist of parasites infecting the one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius in Saudi Arabia between 1950-2021. The present checklist was organized taxonomically in which consist of 75 names representing 4 groups of parasites. The first group is Protozoa with 24 names. Secondly, 13 names of nematodes were reported while there were 12 names of Platyhelminthes. The last group belongs to the Arthropoda which consists of 26 reported species, most of which belong to Ixodida. Based on the resulting checklist, the geographical sampling of these records focuses mainly on the Central, Western, Eastern, and Southern regions, respectively. To date, a few studies have recorded parasites in the North region. The evidence reviewed in this list seems to suggest that further research should be undertaken to investigate the biodiversity of parasites infecting camels from the northern region of Saudi Arabia, which is connected to other continents of Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Identification, Prevalence, and Infestation Patterns of Ectoparasitic In MP Hybrid Type Culled Laying Ducks In Gedang Sub Village, Modopuro Village, Mojosari Sub District, Mojokerto District

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to identify ectoparasites and to determine the prevalence and infestation patterns of ectoparasites that attack the MP hybrid type culled ducks in Gedang Hamlet, Modopuro Village, Mojosari District, Mojokerto Regency. This study used a sample of 100 culled laying ducks of the MP hybrid type. The obtained ectoparasites were identified at the labaroratory of division parasitology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, using the permanent mounting method without staining and viewed using a microscope with 40-100x magnification. This study found 71 samples positively infested with ectoparasites out of 100 samples of culled MP hybrid ducks examined with (prevalence of 71%). The types of ectoparasites found in this study were Menacanthus stramineus (25%), Menopon gallinae (9%), and Anaticola crassicornis (59%). Correspondence analysis test was conducted to show the pattern of infestation of the ectoparasites. The head-neck region was infested by M. stramineus and M. gallinae, while the back, wings, abdomen and tail regions were infested by A. crassicornis. A. crassicornis mostly attacked the MP hybrid type of culled laying ducks on the wings, compared to the back, abdomen and tail. A. crassicornis is an ectoparasite that is typical for the wing region, while M. gallinae and M. stramineus are ectoparasites that are typical for the head-neck region.

Oxyuris spp. Infection in Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) Under Different Cage Types

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The caging system becomes one of the most crucial points in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) husbandry practice since some pathogens are transmitted through ingesting contaminated feed or water in the cage. One of the most common health problems in the green iguana is caused by infection of the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN), Oxyuris spp. Here, we conducted a study to identify Oxyuris spp. infection in the green iguana under different cage types in Malang Raya, East Java. A total of 40 fecal samples were collected and examined through flotation and modified McMaster techniques from three cage types, namely loose cage / extensive (n= 7), terrarium (n= 13), and iron-based cage (n= 20). The results showed that all green iguanas are infected with Oxyuris spp. (40/40 or 100 % prevalence). The highest mean egg per gram (EPG) was found in the green iguana which kept in a loose cage / extensive (mean EPG [CI 95 %] = 14 799.21 [14 442.05 – 15 156.37]), followed by terrarium (mean EPG [CI 95 %] = 8 763.80 [8 436.30 – 9 091.30]), and iron-based cage (mean EPG [CI 95 %] = 1 433.42 [1 303.79 – 1 563.05], respectively. At the same time, there is a significant relationship (P<0,05) between the type of cage and the infection rate of Oxyuris spp. According to this result, we recommend an iron-based cage with routine daily cleaning as prevention for Oxyuris spp. infection among the green iguana.

First report of Ophidascaris spp. (Class: Nematode) Infection in Wild-Caught Javanese Keelback Water Snake (Fowlea melanzostus) in Banyuwangi District

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzostus) is a semi-aquatic reptile that often found in Indonesia and endemic to Java island. Water tiger snakes are usually kept as exotic pets. Wild caught javanese keelback water snakes have risks of spreading several disease agents that can be zoonotic, which is nematodiasis caused by Ophidascaris spp. This study aims to determine the prevalence level of Ophidascaris spp. infections in javanese keelback water snakes from Banyuwangi district. This study used a descriptive method with accidental sampling. The total sample in this study was 33 wild-caught javanese keelback water snakes. The identification method used is snake samples that have been collected are then euthanized and necropsied to check for nematode infections in the subcutan, muscular, and visceral part. The result showed that 28 samples were positive for nematode infection and 5 samples were negative with a prevalence rate of 84.84%. The nematodes that have been identified come from the genus Ophidascaris spp. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the incidence of nematode transmission in other wild caught snakes in Indonesia.

Effect of Climate Change on Mansonia Mosquitoes Distribution on Filariasis Transmission Potential (Zoonosis) in Pajaten Hamlet, Keleyan, Socah Bangkalan, Madura

Dwi Aprilia Anggraini, Norma Farizah Fahmi, Rizka Efi Mawli, Kamal Musthofa — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines how climate change affects the distribution of Mansonia genus mosquitoes and their potential role in filariasis transmission in Pajaten Hamlet, Keleyan, Socah Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Filariasis is an endemic disease in the area that is spread through mosquito bites and possibly zoonotic transmission. This study examines the biting behavior of Mansonia mosquitoes in bionomics and its relationship with environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity. The results showed an increase in the population of Mansonia mosquitoes in Pajaten Hamlet, especially during the rainy season. Morphological identification revealed the characteristics of Mansonia mosquitoes, with a focus on nocturnal biting behavior. Dissection of adult mosquitoes provided insights into the reproductive process of Mansonia mosquitoes. The influence of climate and environmental conditions on mosquito abundance was also discussed, emphasizing the correlation between mosquito prevalence and factors such as swamp water availability and vegetation. The study also highlights the importance of sanitation in the spread of filariasis and proposes control measures tailored to local conditions. This study conclude that the impact of climate change on the Mansonia mosquitoes spread and emphasizes the need for proactive measures in filariasis control. Control strategies, including habitat clearance, use of bed nets, and deworming of potential reservoirs, are suggested to break the chain of disease transmission. This study makes a valuable contribution to developing effective strategies to control filariasis in the context of climate change.

Zoonotic Ectoparasite Burden in House Rats (Rattus spp.) in Selected Urban and Rural Areas of NCR and CALABARZON

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rats and other mammalian species co-inhabiting or living in proximity with humans can serve as potential reservoir hosts and may contribute to the transmission of parasitic infections. Aside from endoparasites, ectoparasites such as lice, mites, ticks, and fleas, can also serve as vectors of various pathogens inducing diseases and contaminating the environment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of Polyplax spinulosa (spiny rat louse) infestation among house rats in selected urban and rural areas in the Philippines. A total of 60 Rattus spp. were captured and examined. The overall prevalence rate of Polyplax spinulosa was 71.7% (43/60). Of the infestations, 23.3% (14/60) were recorded in Metro Manila while 48.3% (29/60) were recorded in CALABARZON. These results have revealed that rodents like rats play an important role in both direct and indirect transmission of zoonotic diseases since these pests themselves could be host to a variety of diseases. As a result, there is an immediate need to provide education and raise awareness about the role of rodents as reservoir hosts and vectors of these zoonotic diseases to develop long-term strategies for controlling and preventing rodent populations and the transmission of zoonotic ectoparasite infestation.

Identification of Digestive Tract Endoparasites of Laying Hens in Suruhwadang Village, Kademangan District, Blitar Regency

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the species, prevalence, and infection degree of endoparasite in the digestive tract of laying hens in Suruhwadang Village, Kademangan District, Blitar Regency. Ninety-six fecal samples were taken from four different farms. Twelve samples of chicken feces aged 20-50 weeks and twelve samples of chicken feces > 50 weeks were taken from each farm. The examinations taken in this study are fecal examinations using native, sediment, and floating methods. The results of identification of digestive tract endoparasites found consisting of Ascaridia galli (68.75%), Heterakis gallinarum (53.12%), Strongyloides avium (5.21%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (6.25%), Eimeria maxima (51,04%), and Eimeria acervulina (3,12%). The highest average degree of worm egg infection was found in layers >50 weeks of age of 373.96 ± 450.41 while the highest average degree of infection of protozoa was found in layers aged >50 weeks of 296,87 ± 600,92. The results of the Chi-Square test showed that there was no significant effect of the difference in the age of laying hens in the layer phase on the prevalence of digestive tract endoparasites, both worm egg and protozoan infections (P>0.05). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant effect of the difference in the age of the laying hen in the layer phase on the degree of worm egg infection (P<0.05), but the difference in age of the laying hen in the layer phase did not significantly affect the degree of protozoa infection (P>0,05).