Majalah Biomorfologi

FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AUTOIMMUNE OPTIC NEUROPATHY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ON CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

Dalia Sharliz Raihana — 2024-07-01

Highlights

Intravenous corticosteroid treatment followed by oral clinical treatment can reduce the incidence of post-treatment optic neuritis recurrenc
Visual acquisition increases at one-month post-treatment.

Abstract

Background: The clinical picture of autoimmune optic neuropathy, known as neuritis, is strongly influenced by the unique structure of the human anterior visual pathway. The central nervous system autoimmune is related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Optic neuropathy is an injury that frequently results in acute inflammatory damage. Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical manifestations of autoimmune optic neuropathy in multiple sclerosis and identify diseases with appropriate corticosteroid therapy using systematic review methods. Material and Method: This study used a systematic review method to analyze topic-related kinds of literature on Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The literature screening process was carried out based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Result: Regarding the post-treatment recurrence rate of optic neuritis, the use of intravenous corticosteroids alone and intravenous corticosteroid followed by oral administration may clinically reduce the incidence of recurrence in the patients compared those receiving placebo and oral administration. This suggests that intravenous corticosteroid followed by oral corticosteroid treatment is effective in helping to reduce the incidence of recurring optic neuritis. Conclusion: Intravenous corticosteroid treatment followed by oral administration may clinically reduce the incidence of post-treatment recurrence of optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

DEPLETION OF LYSYL OXIDASE-LIKE 4 (LOXL4) ATTENUATES COLONY FORMATION IN VITRO AND COLLAGEN DEPOSITION IN VIVO BREAST CANCER MODEL

Ni Luh Gede Yoni Komalasari — 2024-07-01

Highlights

Revealing LOX family members' mechanisms in promoting invasive breast cancer progression is essential for targeting specific molecules in invasive breast cancer.
Depletion of LOXL4 in invasive breast cancer shows attenuation of cell invasiveness in vitro and collagen deposition in tumor models in vivo.

Abstract

Background: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family proteins have recently become a topic in cancer progression. Our recent study found a high expression of LOX-like 4 (LOXL4) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Objective: To reveal the impact of depleted LOXL4 in both in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models from a histological perspective. Material and Method: Endogenous LOXL4 was depleted using the CRISPR/Cas9 on MDA-MB-231 parental cells. Based on the LOXL4 protein expression, the clone was determined for the next experiment, thus generating MDA-MB-231 LOXL4 KO. Cell assay was conducted using colony formation assay (n=3) followed by crystal violet staining. The indicated cells were inoculated orthotopically to female BALB/c nude mice (n=5). At the end of the experiment, tumors were isolated, fixed, and prepared for Masson Trichrome staining. Result: CRISPR/Cas9 completely depleted LOXL4 expression on clone number #2-22. Depletion of LOXL4 reduced the colony size formed by MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 LOXL4 KO #2-22 derived tumors showed depressed tumor volume compared to the parental group. Reduced collagen was also observed from the Masson Trichrome staining (p<0.001). Conclusion: Depletion of LOXL4 downregulates the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and collagen deposition in vivo.

AGE, SEX, AND TYPES OF OCCUPATION WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TYPES IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR SURFACE SQUAMOUS NEOPLASIA (OSSN) IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA

Stella Agatha Widjaja — 2024-07-01

Highlights

The histopathological types of OSSN were significantly associated with age and occupation.
The study's findings enhance the understanding of OSSN in Indonesia and emphasize the importance of UV exposure, occupation, and age in its development.

Abstract

Background: Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of tumors affecting the conjunctiva and cornea, in which a more invasive type of OSSN has a higher recurrence rate. As a tropical country, Indonesia is constantly exposed to intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the main risk factor for OSSN. Despite this, there are very few studies regarding OSSN in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and types of occupation (outdoor and indoor) and histopathological types of OSSN to fill the gap in research and contribute to early diagnostic strategies. Material and Method: Sociodemographic and histopathological data were extracted from the medical records of patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with OSSN at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Data from 88 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were classified and analyzed with descriptive statistics and a two-sided Fisher's exact test using SPSS version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Result: The exact test results of the two-sided fisher revealed a statistically significant relationship between age (p = 0.0004) and occupation type (p = 0.049) with histopathological types of OSSN. However, no significant association was found between sex and histopathological types of OSSN (p = 0.130). Conclusion: Age and occupation were found to have a significant association with the histopathological types of OSSN, reinforcing the need for further exploration of its strength and nature to be considered by future researchers.

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ABO BLOOD GROUP GENOTYPES DISTRIBUTION AMONG SICKLE CELL ANEMIA PATIENTS IN BIRNIN KEBBI, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Tajudeen Olanrewaju Yahaya — 2024-07-01

Highlights

Sickle cell anemia affects both males and females in Birnin Kebbi and is predominant among children between 1 to 10 years of age.
It is also more prevalent but less severe among individuals with O- and A+ ABO blood groups in the city.

Abstract

Background: Demographic information and ABO blood group genotypes have been shown by studies to be useful tools in the management of sickle cell anemia. Regrettably, there is a dearth of literature on this information in Birnin Kebbi, northwestern Nigeria. Objective: This study determined demographic characteristics, ABO blood group genotypes, and sickle cell genotypes of sickle cell anemia patients in Birnin Kebbi. Material and Method: A structured checklist was used to collect data from the medical records of 99 patients who attended the Federal Medical Center in the city between November 2022 to November 2023. Result: The results revealed that most of the patients fell within the 1 to 10 years age group, comprising 44 individuals (44.4%), and the 11 to 20 years age group, comprising 33 individuals (33.3%). Of the patients, 48 (48.5%) were males, while 51 (51.5%) were females. Patients with ABO blood genotype O^-(33.3%) and A⁺ (18.0%) were the most prevalent and least severely affected, while blood groups O⁺ (3%) and AB^- (6%) were the least prevalent and most severely affected. Two variants of sickle cells (HbSS and HbSC) were identified, with HbSS (92.9%) being the most prevalent. Conclusion: Based on these findings, efforts should be made to ensure an ample blood supply with groups O^-, A, and AB⁺ in blood banks. Moreover, studies have shown ABO blood groups to influence responses to diets, so precision medicine tailored to individual patients' blood groups is recommended. Individuals with O⁺ and AB^- -blood groups should be given special attention, as they exhibit the severe form of the disease.

DOES THE NIAS TRIBE'S HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE CORRELATE WITH BODY HEIGHT?

Windy Juwita Lumbanraja — 2024-07-01

Highlights

A significant correlation was found between head circumference and height among Nias tribe students.
This study was conducted to obtain formulations on weight determination based on headbands in the Nias tribe.

Abstract

Background: Anthropometric measures are one of the protocols frequently employed to identify deceased bodies. Height, age, and gender are a few anthropometric traits that might be utilized to identify the victim from the corpse. If body components are absent, head circumference can be used to determine body height. Objective: The goal of the study was to ascertain whether there is a correlation between head circumference and body height by gender and to create formulas for estimating weight based on head circumference in the Nias tribe at the University of HKBP Nommensen Medan, Indonesia. Material and Method: The study was conducted from September to October 2023 at the University of HKBP Nommensen using an observational cross-sectional design. Of the 100 students who met the inclusion criteria, 50 were men, and the remaining 50 were women. The study's dependent variable was micro-toise-measured height. The head circumference, expressed in meters of tape, served as the study variable. Result: Statistical analysis of the study results from a significant correlation between the head circumference and the height (r = 0.655, p<0.01). The linear regression equation obtained was y = 3200 x - 2.672 in men and y = 10970 + 2.728 times in women, where y was height and x was head circumference. Conclusion: A substantial height-head circumference association was found among the Nias tribe at the University of HKBP Nommensen Medan, Indonesia. The identification method of the forensic field may benefit from this research.

EFFECT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON AFB SPUTUM CONVERSION RATE, SOD, AND BMI LEVELS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

Muhammad Ajib Nuzula — 2024-07-01

Highlights

1. VCO can accelerate AFB sputum conversion in tuberculosis infection.

2. VCO can decrease SOD levels as a marker of inflammation.

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis has the potential to raise illness and death rates on a global scale significantly. A low sputum conversion rate for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and malnutrition are indicators of failure in pulmonary TB treatment. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains lauric acid and has antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of VCO supplementation on sputum AFB conversion rates, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and body mass index (BMI) status of pulmonary TB patients. Material and Methods: This study was an analytic experimental study measuring BMI levels and SOD levels at the Pekauman Community Health Center, Sultan Suriansyah Hospital, and Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, between July and September 2023. This study, 40 samples were separated into two groups: the treatment group, which received first-line antithyroid drugs (ATD) with VCO, and the control group, which received first-line ATD and a placebo. Results: Based on the proportion, there was an improvement in the acceleration of BTA sputum conversion, and from the mean BMI and the median value of both groups, there was a decrease in SOD levels after VCO administration. No statistically significant association was found between VCO administration and accelerating the AFB sputum conversion and BMI at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no relationship considered between VCO administration and reducing SOD levels before and after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion: VCO administration had no relationship with the level of AFB sputum conversion, reduction in SOD levels, and BMI status in pulmonary TB patients.

THE EFFECT OF LASER-ASSISTED HATCHING ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES OF VITRIFICATION FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER

Vellyana Lie — 2024-07-01

Highlights

LAH might effectively increase pregnancy outcomes for frozen-thawed embryo transfer.
Zona pellucida drilling might help increase pregnancy outcomes in FET.

Abstract

Background: Zona Pellucida (ZP) thickness of less than 16 mm is better for embryo implantation inside the endometrium. Laser Assisted Hatching (LAH) is commonly used, especially in non-contact mode, using a 1.48-um infrared diode laser beam because of its short exposure time, accurate positioning, simple operation, indirect contact, safety, and effectiveness. Objective: This paper describes the potential of laser-assisted hatching in biochemical pregnancy outcomes in Frozen Embryo Thawed transfers. Material and Method: The total number of patients enrolled in this study was 141. Patients were prospectively treated during embryo transfers at Pusat Fertilitas Bocah Indonesia, Primaya Hospital at Tangerang, Indonesia, from December 2020 until December 2021. Result: There were no significant differences between the LAH and no-LAH groups regarding average age, infertility duration, infertility type, and etiology of infertility (p>0.05). In the same line, the blastocyst (0.76 ± 0.87; 1.25 ± 1.08) compared with cleavage (0.72 ± 0.84; 0.67 ± 0.98) (p<0.534 and p< .032). There was no significant difference, even though clinically, the proportions of live births, multiple pregnancies, biochemical pregnancies, and ongoing pregnancies in the LAH group were not exceptions to the outcomes of failures and miscarriages. Conclusion: LAH did not appear to increase the pregnancy rate in this study. However, the methodology seems to reduce bias in this study by considering methodology for selecting FET embryos based on the cryopreserved condition, embryo quality, and precise LAH.

OSTEOINDUCTIVE CAPACITY OF PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN VS BIODENTINE FOR MANDIBLE FRACTURE

Marda Agung Nugraha — 2024-07-01

Highlights

Biodentine has undergone thorough research as a bone grafting substance due to its ability to promote bone regeneration and effectively treat root or tooth fractures.
PRF and Biodentine can stimulate osteogenesis, affecting bone repair, particularly in mandibular fractures.

Abstract

Background: Mandibular fracture is one of the most common fractures. The most common treatment for mandibular fractures is fixation. Therefore, xenogeneic agents such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and Biodentine accelerate the reparative process. Biodentine is an interesting active ingredient that can induce bone regeneration. PRF and Biodentine can promote bone healing, but no literature discusses the differences between PRF and Biodentine osteoinduction mechanisms in treating mandibular fractures. Objective: This article aimed to compare the effect of osteoinductive PRF with Biodentine for mandibular fractures. Material and Method: The research was conducted as a scoping review by performing a thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. The study was obtained based on literature studies in the form of journals and textbooks in the last ten years (2013-2023). Result: The osteoinductive effect and mechanism of Biodentine in enhancing bone repair are likely correlated with releasing biologically active ions from calcium silicate cement and stimulating gene expression Runx-2. PRF has an osteoinductive role, causing the mechanism of releasing growth factors such as PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β, and IGF that promote the osteogenic process. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the osteoinduction effect of PRF and Biodentine because these materials have different mechanisms of action for bone repair.