Media Gizi Indonesia

Proximate Analysis, Glycemic Index, and Glycemic Load in Gulo Puan: A Culinary Investigation of a Traditional Dish from Pampangan, South Sumatra

Windi Indah Fajar Ningsih — 2024-09-30

Gulo Puan, originating from Pampangan, South Sumatra, stands out as one of the region's specialties. Crafted from buffalo milk and sugar, Gulo Puan boasts a delightful combination of sweet and savory flavors. Locally embraced, this delicacy is commonly enjoyed as a snack or incorporated into various culinary preparations. This study's primary objective was to comprehensively analyze the proximate content, glycemic index, and glycemic load of Gulo Puan. Employing an experimental quantitative research approach, the proximate analysis took place in the GIS laboratory, while the study of glycemic load and glycemic index involved 15 participants selected through purposive sampling. The results of the proximate study, presented descriptively, revealed the following composition in Gulo Puan: total energy (417.44 kcal), carbohydrate (55.93%), fat (16.65%), protein (10.25%), ash (1.64%), and water (15.03%). Comparisons of glycemic index between Gulo Puan (88.69%) and brown sugar (95.05%) exhibited a statistically significant average difference (p-value 0.004 (<0.05)). Similarly, a comparison of glycemic load between Gulo Puan (44.34%) and brown sugar (47.52%) also demonstrated a significant average difference (p-value 0.004 (<0.05)).

Nutrient Intake and Phytate-to-Zinc Molar Ratio among Stunted and Non-Stunted Children in Malang City

Wardah Willyanti — 2024-09-30

Stunted is a condition of malnutrition caused by inadequate nutrient intake, especially in protein and zinc. Zinc deficiency can lead to impaired growth and increased risk of infectious disease due to inadequate zinc intake and low bioavailability of zinc in food. The purpose of this research was to analyze the nutrient intake and phytate-to-zinc molar ratio in children. This research was an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. Children aged 6-59 months with stunted (n=61) and non-stunted (n=65) nutritional status were chosen by stratified random sampling in Ciptomulyo Health Center, Malang city. Nutrient and phytate intake were taken using 2x24 hour food recall method, while zinc bioavailability was calculated using phytate-to-zinc molar ratio. The difference of independent variables were analyzed using Independent t-test and Mann Whitney test. The result of this study showed that there were significantly different energy and protein adequacy levels (p=0.018; p=0.001) and phytate intake (p=0.016) among stunted and non-stunted children. On the other hand, fat, carbohydrate, and zinc adequacy level did not show any significant differences. Furthermore, there were no significant difference in phytate-to-zinc molar ratio in the two group (p=0.158) with more than half children had high phytate-to-zinc molar ratio category. In conclusion, the stunted and non-stunted children showed significant differences in energy, protein, and phytate intake, while their zinc intake was not significantly different resulting in similar phytate-to-zinc molar ratio between both groups. This study show that sufficient intake of zinc can help to lower phytate-to-zinc molar ratio regardless of nutritional status of children.

Potential of Natural Sweetener in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

Muhammad Agung Islamy — 2024-09-30

Natural sweetener is a food alternative to sugar obtained from nature through organic chemical processes that produce flavors and characteristics similar to sugar and synthetic sweeteners. This paper is made in the form of a systematic review to collect and identify data related to the potential of natural sweeteners in Indonesia. The writing was designed using PRISMA with PICO with outcomes of total solids, reducing sugar, Dextrose equivalent (DE), glycemic index (GI) as data selection methods. The data obtained showed 15 potential plants from 13 different articles or journals. After being classified, the majority of food ingredients are natural sweeteners of the saccharide type that have the potential to produce liquid sucrose, fructose syrup and glucose products. These product opportunities were selected based on plant commodities with the highest productivity such as cassava, corn, coconut, sugarcane, sweet potato, sago, taro, and sorghum from several regions such as West Java, Central Java, East Java, Riau, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Maluku, and Papua.

Effectiveness of Online Based Nutrition Education in Increasing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

Qonita Rachmah — 2024-09-30

The latest COVID-19 pandemic has taught the importance of nutrition and immunity to prevent diseases, in which case the fatality rate exceeded 2.58%. Immunity is believed to be one of the critical efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This is, for sure, inseparable from nutritional intake, exercise, and environmental factors. However, that needed to be better understood by many people. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of online-based nutrition education in increasing knowledge and self-efficacy to maintain a balanced nutritional intake and implement hygiene. Online-based nutrition education was done using video conference by Zoom conference and text-based education methods using Telegram. Each session is held for approximately two hours. Samples were all collected voluntarily, comprising an adult population aged 19 – 5 . Knowledge and self-efficacy were measured using a structured questionnaire. In total, 217 samples were recruited. 92.2% of participants were female, the average age was 29 ± 10.04, 34.1% worked as civil servants, and the majority, 52.1%, came from East Java. Education with the digital learning method succeeded in increasing nutritional knowledge from a score of 55.9 to 91.8 (p<0.000) and significantly increasing self-efficacy of consuming balanced-nutritious food and self-efficacy of a clean and healthy lifestyle (p<0.000). In conclusion, online-based nutrition education proved effective in increasing knowledge and self-efficacy. Hence, program duplication with a broader range of subjects can be done nationally.

The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Interventions to Increase Diet Quality of Adolescents

Anada Varenza Kisda — 2024-09-30

The adolescent dietary quality in Indonesia remains subpar, with a substantial proportion of ≤ 95% of adolescents not consuming enough or any fruits and vegetables. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of nutrition education programs based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and conventional methods on the knowledge, attitudes, and eating habits of adolescents, with the ultimate goal of promoting healthy dietary practices. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a non-randomized control group pre and post-test design to 78 adolescents 13-15 years who met the inclusion criteria at the Bogor Regency Junior High School. Diet quality data was collected using 2x24 hours of food recall. The knowledge, attitude, and health belief model questionnaires that had been collected through questionnaires were then analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 using the Wilcoxon and paired t-test. There was no change in the quality diet in the health belief model and control groups with p-value>0.05. However, there was an increase in knowledge and attitude in both groups with a p-value<0.05. Only three constructs that improved were vulnerability, seriousness and self-efficacy with p-value < 0.05. Perceived benefits, barriers and action cues did not increase with p-value > 0.05. Health belief model nutrition education methods can improve knowledge and attitude, but not give a change in behavior. Health belief model nutrition education method can improve knowledge and attitudes, but not changes in eating behavior. Further health belief model-based nutrition education programs are needed to increase motivation and willingness to act.

A Case Control in A Sub-Urban Area: Maternal Height and Nutritional Status with the Incidence of Stunting Among Toddlers

Nunung Cipta Dainy — 2024-09-30

Indonesia is a country with a high incidence of stunting. In 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Bogor Regency was 24.9%, which was higher than the national average. The Padasuka subdistrict is recognized as a stunting locus area. Children's health is closely linked to the parenting style employed by their parents, particularly mothers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the maternal factors contributing to the prevalence of stunting among toddlers. This study used an observational approach with a case-control design, conducted from December 2022 to August 2023 in Padasuka, Bogor Regency. Data collection encompassed anthropometric measurements, including the weight and height of toddlers and mothers, maternal characteristics such as age, education, and occupation, and nutritional status. The data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The research sample consisted of 41 mothers of stunted toddlers (cases) and 41 mothers of normally developing toddlers (controls), resulting in a total of 82 participants. Bivariate analysis to explore the relationships between variables, as well as the chi-squared test and independent t-test to measure the differences in average height and nutritional status. The results of the analysis revealed that maternal height (p=0.000) and nutritional status (p=0.035) were significantly correlated with the incidence of stunting. In addition, there were notable differences in the average values of maternal height and nutritional status between the stunted group and the normally developing group with p-values of 0.038 and 0.040, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that maternal height and nutritional status contribute to the incidence of stunting among toddlers.

The Relationship between Watching Mukbang and Stress Level with Eating Patterns in Adolescents at PB Soedirman Bekasi Islamic High School

Salwa Salsabillah — 2024-09-30

In adolescence, unhealthy eating habits are sometimes formed, because teenagers usually have preferred food choices. Many teenagers think that by eating a lot and having a full stomach, their nutritional needs are met. Unregulated eating habits can be affected by stress. The current trend is watching “mukbang”, the stimulus generated in the form of sound can affect eating behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between watching mukbang and stress levels and eating patterns in adolescents. The design of this study was a cross sectional study that was conducted at PB Soedirman Islamic High School in Bekasi. There were 138 people aged 16–18 years, who were selected by consecutive sampling. Data collection used the Mukbang Addiction Scale (MAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and FFQ. Based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical test, a p-value of 0.193 was obtained with an OR of 1.565 for the relationship between the habit of watching mukbang and eating patterns, and a p-value of 0.022 with an OR of 2.258 for the relationship between stress levels and eating patterns. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between the habit of watching mukbang and eating patterns, and there is a significant relationship between stress levels and eating patterns in adolescents at PB Soedirman Islamic High School, Bekasi.

Health Status of Teenage Girls Based on Nutritional Status Assessment and Cardiorespiratory Endurance (VO2Max)

Dini Junita — 2024-09-30

Adolescent health sometimes still receives less attention, even though this age group has a high level of vulnerability to various nutritional and health problems. This study aims to determine the health status of adolescent girls including hemoglobin status, hydration status, and cardiorespiratory endurance (VO₂Max). Samples were taken using a total sampling technique with the criteria of not having a history of heart and lung disease, living in the girls' dormitory at Integrated Islamic High School Al-Fityan School Aceh in good health and being willing to be respondents, and 60 female students were obtained. Hemoglobin status was observed from the hemoglobin level in the blood sample, hydration status was defined based on the composition of body fluids as measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), VO₂Max value was calculated from pulse per minute in resting conditions. Data obtained from each variable was presented descriptively and tested for correlation using the Pearson 95% test. Based on the research results, in general, the majority of respondents can be concluded to have good nutritional status and cardiorespiratory endurance. However, 28.3% of respondents were still found with abnormal nutritional status, abnormal hemoglobin status of 28.3%, dehydration of 43.3% and 33.3% had low cardiorespiratory endurance. This research cannot prove the relationship between hemoglobin status and hydration status on cardiorespiratory endurance (p-value > 0.05). Periodic health status checks are required through the school health unit involving the Community Health Center or health workers to overcome existing problems in these four health status parameters.

Insights into Childhood Malnutrition: An Analysis on Food Vulnerability and Stunting using 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey Data

Yulianty Sanggelorang — 2024-09-30

Stunting, a consequence of childhood malnutrition, stems from various factors, including unaddressed food vulnerability during the critical early stages of life, from conception to 24 months. Early loss of developmental opportunities, particularly that in relation to height, leads to an irreversible inability to achieve optimal growth. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food vulnerability and stunting among children aged 0-59 months in the East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The research utilized secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (INSS), encompassing all selected households with children under five within the census blocks. After applying appropriate weighting procedures, the sample size was 8,893. The study included anthropometric measurements (body height/length) and assessments of various indicators of household food vulnerability (the inability of an individual or a group of individuals to obtain sufficient and appropriate food for a healthy and active life). The findings revealed significant correlations (p-value < 0.05) between food vulnerability status and stunting. Children from the food-vulnerable group had a 4.661 times higher risk of experiencing stunting compared to those from the food-secure group. This study concludes that food vulnerability is a significant risk factor in the development of stunting in children under five in Indonesia. Furthermore, factors associated with vulnerability such as limited access to nutritious food and food variety could contribute to hindering child growth. These findings have important implications for the development of nutritional policies and interventions in Indonesia.

The Effect of Unripe Berlin Banana Flour on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Dyslipidemic Rats

Ratih Putri Damayati — 2024-09-30

Dyslipidemia is the occurrence of conditions that have abnormal lipid profile levels in the blood. Consumption of food sources of flavonoids and resistant starch is expected to play a role in dyslipidemia. Unripe Berlin banana flour (UBF) is source of flavonoids and resistant starches that benefit in dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving UBF on SOD levels in dyslipidemic rats. This research used true experimental method with Pretest-Posttest and Control Group Design. This study used 30 rats divided into 5 groups K-, K +, P1 (UBF 0.144g /rat/day), P2 (UBF 0.288g /rat/ day), and P3 (UBF 0.576g/rat/day). The data were analyzed with one-way Anova and paired T-test. The results of the study showed that the values of SOD levels pre and post-intervention were not significantly different between groups. The mean of SOD levels pre-intervention showed that the K+, P1 and P3 groups were lower than K- group, then post-intervention at P1, P2 and P3 had higher SOD levels than K+ group. Meanwhile, the SOD levels of each group pre and post-UBF intervention in the P1 group were significantly different (p < 0.05), while in the P2 and P3 groups were not significantly different. This study concluded that giving raw Berlin banana flour at a dose of 0.144 g / day could increase the SOD levels in dyslipidemic rats.

Relationship Between Picky Eating Behavior and Level of Nutrient Adequacy in Preschool Children

Nur Aziseh — 2024-09-30

Picky eating behavior or selective eating behavior in children poses a significant difficulty to parents during the preschool years of growth and development. This may have an impact on the range of foods that kids eat. Food variety restrictions will affect how much energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates are consumed. This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between picky eating behavior and the level of nutrient adequacy in preschool children in Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency. The method of this study was a cross-sectional study design involving 64 preschool children as respondents who were selected proportionally by random sampling method. Data were collected by completing the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. The study found a significant correlation between picky eating behavior and carbohydrate adequacy (p=0.014). Specifically, 51.6% of the subjects exhibited picky eating behavior, and among them, a significant proportion had a carbohydrate intake classified as deficient. The findings underscore the importance of targeted nutritional interventions for children with picky eating behaviors to ensure balanced nutrient intake.

Relationship Between The Level of Mother's Nutritional Knowledge and The Diversity of Animal Protein Intake in Toddlers at Tertek Village

Eveline Gracela — 2024-09-30

The importance of nutritional intake in the growth of toddlers has become a crucial matter, especially the intake of animal protein. Animal protein contains various essential amino acids with high bioavailability that contribute to supporting the growth and development processes of toddlers. One of the factors that can influence the diversity of animal protein consumption in toddlers is the level of mother’s knowledge. This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between mother’s nutritional knowledge level and the diversity of animal protein intake in toddlers aged 24-59 months at the Integrated Health Service Post (Posyandu) in Tertek Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency. The research design was cross-sectional with a total of 99 subjects selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. The data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires and Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) within the last one month. This research was conducted from January to June 2023 in Tertek Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency. Based on the research results, the majority of the mother’s nutritional knowledge was categorized as low (39.4%). Meanwhile, the diversity of animal protein intake is still relatively low (60.6%). Statistical analysis results showed a significant relationship (p=0.027) with a low-level relationship (+0.260) between mother’s nutritional knowledge and the diversity of animal protein intake in toddlers aged 24-59 months at the Integrated Health Service Post (Posyandu) in Tertek Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency. This indicates that the better the mother’s nutritional knowledge, the higher the diversity of animal protein intake in toddlers.

Low Birth Weight and Inappropriate Feeding Variation Caused Nutritional Disorders Based on The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF)

Eka Safitri Yanti — 2024-09-30

Nutritional disorders in children contribute to both morbidity and mortality, with potential for hereditary diseases. Regular growth monitoring helps in early detection and prevention. The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is a tool used to assess multiple growth failures, making risk prediction more accurate. This study aims to identify determinants of nutritional disorders using CIAF. Conducted in Belitung Regency, Indonesia, from January to October 2024, the research involved 198 children aged 6 months to 5 years, selected via random sampling. Measurements of height and weight were analyzed according to WHO 2006 standards. Parental characteristics, birth weight, economic status, nutrition awareness, and clean living behaviors were assessed via questionnaires. Results showed that 40.4% of the children experienced growth failure, though none of the parental or child characteristics had a significant relationship with it. However, low birth weight (p=0.048) and variation in feeding menus (p=0.009) were significantly associated with stunting. Other factors, including parental height, family income, and nutrition awareness, showed no significant relationships with growth failure. In conclusion, low birth weight and diverse feeding practices play key roles in preventing stunting.

The Effect of Nutritional Education on Parental Knowledge of Balanced Nutrition in Children at Yayasan An - Nusyur Aeng Panas, Sumenep Madura

Sasha Anggita Ramadhan — 2024-09-30

Parents play a vital role in shaping children's dietary habits, which are influenced by family behaviors, parental health literacy, and socio-economic status. Poor parental health literacy and low socio-economic status often lead to unhealthy child nutrition and lower physical activity. This study investigates the impact of nutritional education on parental knowledge at Yayasan An-Nusyur Aeng Panas, aiming to improve childhood nutrition in resource-limited settings. The research employed a pre-experimental design (one group pre-test post-test) to assess changes in parental knowledge after a 3-hour nutrition education session, delivered by a team of nutritionists from Indonesia and Malaysia. Data were collected from 27 parents of kindergarten students in Sumenep Madura in February 2024 through questionnaires. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Test. The findings revealed an increase in participants' knowledge, with a pre-test average score of 84.444 and a post-test average score of 86.667. However, the Wilcoxon test showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.439) between pre- and post-test scores. Despite the knowledge improvement after the education session, the difference was not significant. This suggests that while educational interventions can enhance awareness, further efforts may be required to achieve a measurable impact.