Media Gizi Indonesia

Back Matter National Nutrition Journal Vol. 20 No. 2

Media Gizi Indonesia — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

EFFECT OF NUTMEG CONCENTRATION IN NUTMEG JAM AND CAKES ON ACCEPTABILITY, NUTRITIONAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Endang Rumayomi, Anjar Briliannita, Fajar Irianto — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Nutmeg, a key agricultural product of Fak-Fak Regency, is processed into diverse food products, including jams utilized in mini lontar cakes and rolled tart cakes. This study aimed to optimize the use of nutmeg flesh in jam production, evaluating its nutritional composition, antioxidant properties, and consumer acceptability. Conducted as an experimental study employing a completely randomized design (CRD), six formulations of nutmeg jam (S0 to S5) were prepared and analyzed. A sensory evaluation was performed by 30 semi-trained panelists from the Nutrition Department of the Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Sorong. Statistical differences in acceptability were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α ≤ 0.05). The results identified S5 (50% nutmeg pulp and 50% sugar) as the most preferred formulation, with significant differences in taste (p = 0.01) and texture (p = 0.03), but no notable differences in color (p = 0.06), aroma (p = 0.33), or overall acceptance (p = 0.99). Nutritional analysis revealed a carbohydrate content of 45.09% and antioxidant activity of 69.8%, comparable to raw nutmeg pulp (70.4%). Furthermore, mini lontar cakes and rolled tarts incorporating S5 jam demonstrated superior carbohydrate levels (53.92% and 38.09%, respectively) and antioxidant activities (35.8% and 41.5%). These findings underscore the potential of nutmeg-derived products in contributing to functional food development, supporting the diversification of nutmeg-based snacks as a source of bioactive compounds and nutritional benefits.

SENSORY ANALYSIS OF INSTANT COMPLEMENTARY FOOD WITH FERMENTED EGG FLOUR SUBSTITUTION AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND SELENIUM IN STUNTING CHILDREN

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Childhood stunting is a health problem associated with chronic malnutrition, particularly inadequate protein and selenium intake. Fermented egg flour was chosen because the fermentation process can increase the bioavailability of protein and selenium. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the sensory quality of instant complementary food formulated with fermented egg flour as a source of protein and selenium. The nutritional composition of this formulation has been reported in a previous study; therefore, this research specifically focuses on its sensory evaluation. The sensory test was conducted using a 9-scale hedonic method on the parameters of taste, aroma, texture, and color involving 66 semi-trained panelists (nutrition students). The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four formulations: F0 (control) and F1, F2, and F3 as treatments with 10, 15 and 20% fermented eggs, respectively. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). The test results showed that the substitution of fermented egg flour had a significant effect on panelists' preferences in the aspects of color, taste, and aroma but not significant in texture; the protein content from 20.56% to 20.59%, 21.68%, and 22.54%, along with an increase in energy content from 417 kcal to 419 kcal, 427 kcal, 431 kcal in instant complementary food. However, higher fermented egg flour proportions reduced acceptance due to a fishy aroma.

HEDONIC TEST AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF BOMBOLONI PANDAN LEAF FLOUR ADDITION WITH FILLED PATIN FISH FLOSS AS HIGH PROTEIN SNACK

Athira Demitri, Eka Nenni Jairani, Lutfi Henderlan Harahap — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Bomboloni donuts, which generally taste sweet, are filled with savory Patin fish floss filling, creating unique and interesting product. This can increase people's interest in trying new products and contribute to food industry innovation. This research aimed to determine the organoleptic tests and chemical quality of bomboloni donuts made from pandan leaf flour filled with Patin fish floss as a high protein snack. The research method used was laboratory experimental with completely randomized design (CRD), with three treatments (F1, F2, F3) and two repetitions. The making of pandan leaf flour bomboloni donuts filled with Patin fish floss and organoleptic tests were carried out at the Food Technology Laboratory Institut Kesehatan Helvetia. Then, chemical test analysis was conducted at the Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri Medan Laboratory. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, then continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that there were differences in color (0.000), odor (0.003), taste (0.029), and texture (0.009) from the three formulations of bomboloni donuts made from pandan leaf flour filled with Patin fish floss. Based on the results of Duncan test, the best formulation was obtained in F1, as indicated by the panelists' average preferences for color (3.98), odor (3.70), taste (3.28), and texture (3.43). The chemical test results of the best formulation revealed the following contents: water (24.81%), ash (1.57%), fat (13.54%), protein (12.52%), and carbohydrates (68.83%). The conclusion is that F1 is recommended as a high-protein snack for toddlers to help prevent stunting.

FROM SCHOOLBOY INTO FULL-TIME ATHLETE: EXPLORING SLEEPING HABITS AND DIETARY INTAKE OF JUNIOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN EAST JAVA

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Junior football players often encounter difficulties in managing their sleep and dietary patterns. At the same time, they need to balance their time between scheduled school activities and training sessions. This dual responsibility can sometimes make junior athletes susceptible to sleep and dietary issues, potentially affecting their performance. This study aimed to examine the sleep patterns and dietary intake of football players across different age groups at a football club in East Java. We compared the sleep patterns and dietary intake of players in the U18 (n=18), U16 (n=13), and U14 (n=8) categories. Data were collected through interviews using validated questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Sleeping quality and quantity were assessed using structured questionnaire adapted from Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index (PSQI). The results showed no statistically significant differences in the quality or quantity of sleep across all groups (p > 0.05). However, a trend suggested that U18 players had slightly better sleep quality and quantity compared to the other groups. In contrast, the U18 group demonstrated significantly lower energy intake than the other groups (p = 0.000). The U16 group exhibited the best energy and nutrient intake among all age categories. In conclusion, older and younger player groups tend to overlook dietary patterns, while their sleep patterns remain relatively consistent.

OVERVIEW OF CHANGING EATING PATTERNS AND THE ASSOCIATION WITH GENDER IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES IN STUDENT-ATHLETE TRAINING CENTRE DKI JAKARTA DURING COVID-19

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Athletes are a group that has experienced changes, especially regarding their eating patterns and physical activities, during Covid-19. Several studies have found changes in eating patterns, particularly in the frequency and types of food consumed, among adolescent athletes during Covid-19. A study showed that changes in eating patterns during the isolation of the pandemic influenced female athletes more than males. Female athletes found challenges in fulfilling energy needs and fighting with their body image. However, their adherence and awareness to consuming healthy food are better than male athletes. Based on the background, this research aims to explore the overview of changes in eating patterns and the relations with gender among adolescent athletes in Indonesia who train at the Student Sports Training Center (PPOP) during Covid-19. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study subjects were 139 athletes from six sports groups and 25 sports branches conducted in July-August 2021. Data collection was done through online questionnaires via Google Forms consisting of questions regarding changes in eating patterns, amount of food intake, types of food consumed, methods of food preparation, quality of food consumed, and frequency of meals per day. This study obtained ethical approval with the number KE/1174/11/2021. Through data analysis using the Chi-square test, it was found that there was no statistical association between gender and changes in eating pattern variables of adolescent athletes in PPOP DKI Jakarta during Covid-19.

HANDGRIP STRENGTH AND DASH EATING BEHAVIOR IS RELATED TO HIGHER BLOOD PRESSURE ON PRE-ELDERLY AND ELDERLY IN YOGYAKARTA

Adhila Fayasari, Anis Febri Nilansari, Margala Juang Bertorio — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Handgrip strength (HGS) reflects muscle health and is linked to hypertension, yet its relationship with blood pressure (BP) in older adults is underexplored. DASH dietary patterns, crucial for BP management, may provide further insights into this connection. This study aims to examine the association between HGS and DASH eating behavior with blood pressure in pre-elderly and elderly populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted on pre-elderly and elderly outpatient at Wirosaban Hospital, Yogyakarta in July to August 2024. HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer, while BP was recorded using a standard sphygmomanometer. Adherence to DASH were measured by 24-hour food recall and then categorized by questionnaire of DASH eating behavior. Data were analyzed by correlation and multiple regression, with α 5%. Hypertension was found in about 68.8% of subjects. Subjects who have lower HGS were about 68.8% and 81.7% of low category of DASH eating behavior. Participants with lower HGS had notably higher systolic and diastolic BP compared to those with higher HGS. Stratification analysis revealed that there were no significant association between HGS and high blood pressure both in elderly and pre-elderly (p 0.063 and p 1.000). In the other hand, low DASH eating behavior was significantly related to higher blood pressure in pre-elderly group (p 0.031). Reduced HGS is likely linked to higher BP in the elderly. Maintaining DASH-like diet adherence and muscle strength may be crucial in mitigating hypertension risk and comorbidity in older adults.

EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM REELS AND TIKTOK ON KNOWLEDGE TO PREVENT IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The lack of knowledge about iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of media that can open up public knowledge about the importance of this. As the industrial era 4.0 progresses, many digital media have emerged as a means to educate the public about preventing iron deficiency anemia, one of which is health promotion media in the form of video media Instagram Reels and TikTok. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Instagram Reels and TikTok educational media on knowledge about preventing iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. The research used quasi experiment method with a pre-posttest group design. The sample amounted to 105 respondents (Instagram Reels n:35, TikTok n:35, and leaflet n:35. Knowledge data were obtained by filling out pre and posttest questionnaires, processed using the Wilcoxon test. The mean difference between the three groups used Kruskal-Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney tests. The effectiveness of the three media was tested using the N-Gain Score. The results of the pre and post-test research on the three media had p-value 0.000 which shows an increase in knowledge. The frequency distribution of knowledge in the TikTok group was 100%, Instagram Reels 94.3% and leaflets 51.4%. The effectiveness test of the N-Gain score of TikTok media is 81% including it in the effective category, Instagram Reels is 60% including in the moderately effective category and leaflets are 28% including in the ineffective category. The conclusion is that TikTok media is most effective compared to Instagram Reels media and leaflets.

SMART CLASS INNOVATION USING TES DUGA TO ACCELERATE STUNTING PREVENTION IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS

Musviro, Nurul Hayati, Iis Rahmawati — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Breaking the chain of stunting by increasing parental understanding is necessary. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Smart Class innovation using the 'Tes Duga' Snakes and Ladders game in improving parental knowledge to accelerate stunting prevention and reduction in agricultural areas. This study employed a pre-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design. This study used a sample of 107 parents who have toddlers. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The analysis indicated a statistically significant improvement in parental knowledge and attitudes, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results show that the innovation of the Smart Class Program through the Guess Test game effectively increases parents' knowledge about preventing and reducing stunting. As an educational method, the Smart Class Program has the advantages of being interactive and fun for learning parents in agronursing areas, preventing stunting, and having an average increase in parental knowledge before the intervention of 73.36. After the intervention, the average increased significantly, namely 87.01. This innovative approach has the potential to be applied more widely as part of national efforts to overcome the problem of stunting in Indonesia.

EVALUATING CADRE SUPPORT IN MATERNAL FEEDING PRACTICES: INFLUENCE ON EATING PATTERN OF CHILDREN UNDER TWO

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Stunting remains a significant global health concern among children under two years old, underscoring the importance of maternal skills in food preparation to prevent this issue. This study evaluated the impact of Posyandu cadre training and support on maternal capacity and its relationship with Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Seventy mothers and their children under the age of two, along with ten cadres, participated in this study. The intervention began with cadre training, followed by support for mothers. The results revealed that cadre knowledge of food material science (FMS) (p=0.033) and attitudes toward clean and healthy behavior (CHB) (p=0.038) significantly improved after training. Mothers demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge of FMS (p<0.001), Nutritional Requirements of Children Under Two (NRCT) (p<0.001), and CHB (p=0.041); attitudes toward complementary feeding (CF) (p=0.030). Cadre knowledge and maternal knowledge in FMS was found a significant correlation (p=0.026). However, cadre attitudes did not correlate with the knowledge and attitudes of the mother. The age of children under two was correlated with MMD (p=0.036), MMF (p=0.017), and MAD (p=0.036). Additionally, maternal attitudes toward food were associated with MMF (p=0.037) and dietary diversity (p=0.034) in children under the age of two. These findings underscore the significance of cadre training and maternal support programs in enhancing feeding practices, which may lead to improved nutritional outcomes. Strengthening the cadre's knowledge and skills could be key to promoting optimal IYCF practices.

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN STUNTING CHILDREN AGED 1-5 YEARS-OLD USING ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS (ONS) IN SURABAYA CITY

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Growth faltering, also known as failure to thrive, in pediatric populations may arise from a combination of insufficient nutritional intake and the presence of chronic infections. When this condition persists over an extended duration, it can culminate in stunting—a form of chronic malnutrition characterized by impaired linear growth—which continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate across various regions of Indonesia. As part of the national effort to mitigate and prevent stunting, oral nutritional supplements (ONS), which are specifically formulated for both therapeutic and dietary management in pediatric patients with specific health conditions, including growth failure, play a critical role. This study aims to examine the impact of ONS intervention, with a caloric density of approximately 1 kilocalorie per milliliter, on stunted children between the ages of one and five years at a private healthcare facility, namely Husada Utama Hospital in Surabaya. This study is an observational analytical study of a quasi- randomized control trial with a pre- and post-test design. The sample of this study was stunting children aged 1-5 years as many as 20 subjects who were willing to follow the ONS intervention research in achieving optimal growth. After being given intervention for 90 days, the number of normal HAZ/LAZ children became 5 (25% increase). There was a decrease from severely stunting by 7 subjects to stunting and a decrease in stunting to normal by 5 subjects

DIETARY QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS IN RURAL AREAS OF SIGI REGENCY, INDONESIA

Nikmah Utami Dewi, Shendy Krisnasari, Kiki Sanjaya, Nurui Aida — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood, marked by various changes in different aspects of life. These changes can put adolescents at risk of experiencing nutritional problems. Central Sulawesi faces adolescent nutrition problems due to unhealthy eating patterns and a lack of dietary diversity. The nutritional status of adolescents in Central Sulawesi is also worse than the national average. Rural adolescents are thinner than urban adolescents because they have lower intake of energy, protein, and fat. Place of residence indirectly affects nutritional status during adolescence. This research was conducted in the rural area of Sigi Regency using a random sampling method with 154 adolescents participating in the study. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) is used to assess diet quality, and BMI/U measurement is used to determine the nutritional status of adolescents. Overall, the diet quality is still low. A MAR score of 56.1% indicates that the nutritional intake of adolescents is not yet optimal, with protein, fat, and carbohydrates at adequate levels, but vitamins A, B1, and C, as well as B9 and B12, are still low, indicating a potential deficiency in the body. The percentage of thin and obese adolescents exceeds the national figures. There is no difference in MAR among nutritional statuses.Comprehensive nutritional interventions are needed to improve the still low diet quality and the still low nutritional status.

CORRELATION OF EMOTIONAL EATING AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SURABAYA

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Adolescence is an important period of growth because the growth spurt which occurs is the peak of physical and emotional growth and development. Adolescents often experience stress in learning at school so they need good stress coping mechanisms. One coping mechanism that is often used is to apply emotional eatingThis study aims to examine the correlation between emotional eating and the nutritional status of students at SMAN 5 Surabaya. A cross-sectional method was applied involving 91 students. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age Z-scores according to WHO Anthro Plus standards, while emotional eating was evaluated through the Eating Evaluation due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) questionnaire. The findings showed that 35.2% of students were classified as overweight, and 16.5% as obese. Additionally, 71.4% of the participants reported experiencing emotional eating. A significant association was found between emotional eating and excessive nutritional status (p=0.010). It can be concluded that emotional eating directs teenage students to a nutritional status that tends to be higher; this will have an impact on the growth and development adolescents physically and emotionally. Students are expected to have better stress coping so they don't experience emotional eating.

WORKING STATUS, SOCIAL EATING AND DIET QUALITY AMONG THE INDONESIAN PRODUCTIVE-AGE POPULATION: A STUDY OF THE INDONESIAN FOOD BAROMETER

Alkanisa Rahma, Helda Khusun, Indah Tasya Kamila, Judhiastuty Februhartanty — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The 2014 Total Diet Study reported that the dietary patterns among Indonesians remain inconsistent with the 2014 Balanced Nutrition Guidelines. Employment status is known to influence social eating behaviors, and social eating during lunch may affect diet quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between employment status and social eating with diet quality among the productive-age population in Indonesia as measured by the Balanced Nutrition Index. This study employed a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Food Barometer, with a sample of 271 respondents (135 men and 136 women) who met the inclusion criteria. The variables analyzed in this study were respondent characteristics, employment status, and social eating. Chi-squared test revealed that employment status and social eating had no significant relationship with diet quality. However, socioeconomic status had a relationship with diet quality (p = 0.026). Multivariate analysis further revealed that socioeconomic status was a dominant factor in diet quality among the productive-age population in Indonesia. Individuals with low socioeconomic status faced a 2.5-times higher risk of poor diet quality compared to those with high socioeconomic status.

ANALYSIS OF MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY, AND PASSIVE SMOKER ON NONSYNDROMIC OROFACIAL CLEFT INCIDENCE AT HARAPAN KITA WOMEN AND CHILDREN HOSPITAL

Sonya Rosa, Ikeu Ekayanti, Ikeu Tanziha, Muhammad Syafrudin Hak — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

A congenital facial anomaly that manifests as a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both—without the involvement of other organ abnormalities—is known as a non-syndromic orofacial cleft (OFC) (Tobing, 2017). According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2019), OFC represents 0.2% of disabilities among Indonesian children aged 24 to 59 months. The causes of OFC are multifactorial. In Indonesia, approximately 7,500 new OFC cases are reported annually, with a rising trend (Purwitasari et al., 2020). This study aimed to investigate the association between micronutrient intake, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and maternal exposure to secondhand smoke with the incidence of non-syndromic OFC. A case-control study was conducted at Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital in Jakarta, involving 35 participants in both the case and control groups. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents, while secondary data were sourced from maternal and child health (MCH) books. Micronutrient intake was measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS version 25.0 for Windows, applying logistic regression. The findings indicated that low folic acid and zinc intake, insufficient maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and maternal exposure to secondhand smoke were significantly associated with the development of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (p < 0.05).

A A SEM-PLS ANALYSIS OF HYPERTENSION DETERMINANTS IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL APPROACHES

Yayuk Farida Baliwati, Putri Nur Laely, Akifa Laila Rusyda — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The second national highest prevalence of hypertension in 2018 was West Java, with a prevalence rate of 39.6%. The high prevalence of hypertension is driven by the interaction of multiple determinants, including consumption pattern (food intake and tobacco use), environmental status (primary health services and infrastructure) and socioeconomic status. The study aims to analyze the determinants of hypertension using socio-ecological approaches in West Java. The research design was an ecological study, using secondary data for 2019-2020 covering 26 districts or regencies in West Java. The total unit analysis was 52, regarding two years data analysis used. Analysis of data was performed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach with bootstrap estimation. The result shows that all indicators of consumption pattern and primary health services and infrastructure variables are significant in forming a model. Findings also show that consumption patterns (intake of protein (meat, milk and eggs), sodium in spices, tobacco use (cigarettes)) and primary health services and infrastructure also directly affect hypertension, with coefficient value of 1.142 and 0.401, respectively. Socioeconomic status also indirectly affects hypertension through consumption variable and primary health service infrastructure variable. The SEM-PLS model built strongly represents the determinants of hypertension in West Java, Indonesia based on the socio-ecological model Approaches (goodness-of fit value= 0.67). Strengthening food resources management and nutrition policies, including reducing sodium intake, and controlling tobacco use can lower risks, while improving healthcare access, infrastructure, and clean water supports hypertension prevention in West Java.

Front Matter National Nutrition Journal Vol 20 No 2

Media Gizi Indonesia — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700