Media Gizi Kesmas

The Health Promotion Implementation System at X Hospital Gresik Regency Based on the Standards of Ministry of Health Regulation No. 44 of 2018

2023-08-26T22:37:56+07:00

Background: Hospitals in Indonesia are required to carry out health promotion based on the latest Minister of Health Regulation, Minister of Health Regulation Number 44 of 2018, to increase the willingness, awareness, and ability of patients, patient families, hospital visitors, and residents near the hospital to live clean and healthy lives.

Objectives: To provide an overview of implementing a hospital health promotion program. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative through observation and in-depth interviews in accordance with Permenkes Number 44 of 2018.

Methods: The method used was descriptive qualitative through observation and in-depth interviews in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation Number 44 of 2018. The research subjects were the health promotion team at X Hospital, Gresik Regency.

Results: The implementation of PKRS (Hospital Health Promotion) at X Regional General Hospital with Minister of Health Regulation Number 44 of 2018 related to implementing health promotion is good and in line with implementation targets.

Conclusions: The X Regional Hospital’s implementation of PKRS has included innovations and improvements for the welfare of the hospital community. The PKRS Team appeals to maintain and improve the image of hospitals in Indonesia and be an example of hospitals in the Gresik Regency.

Nutrition Education in Efforts to Prevent Obesity in Students and College Students Through Generation Z Cadres

2023-10-24T12:05:56+07:00

Background: In 2016, over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and over were overweight. Of this number, more than 650 million are obese. Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 years were overweight or obese in 2016. Obesity hurts public health, especially adolescents.

Objectives: This research aims to increase knowledge related to nutrition, especially obesity and health screening

Methods: This activity was carried out at Airlangga University in Banyuwangi on May 27, 2023, with the schedule of events including morning exercise, nutrition education, and anthropometric and health examinations. The targets for this activity are students at SMAN 1 Glagah and SMAN 1 Giri and students at Airlangga University in Banyuwangi and STIKES Banyuwangi.

Results: Research results show an increase in knowledge of 14.3. Most of >55% of respondents had normal BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and blood sugar.

Conclusions: Nutrition education related to obesity for pupils and students has been proven to increase knowledge related to nutrition and obesity.

Providing High Protein Energy Low Salt III and High Antioxidant Diet to Carcinoma Mammae IIA Patient: A Case Report

2024-01-05T04:44:46+07:00

Background: Breast cancer ranks first in cases of cancer deaths in Indonesia. The causes of this disease are not completely understood because there are many factors that increase the risk of cancer. The Standardized Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is carried out by providing a High Energy High Protein (HEHP) Low Salt III diet and high in antioxidants to support the patient's improved condition.

Objective: To determine the management of NCP in stage IIA breast cancer patients according to the patient's condition.

Method: A case study was conducted in March 2021 on patients at Darmo Hospital, Surabaya. Sampling is determined based on emergency considerations and the complexity of the patient's condition. The data collection method was carried out by observation and analysis for 3 days in the patient's intake, physical and clinical, biochemical and anthropometric domains. A literature study was also carried out to complete patient data.

Results: In the results of monitoring and evaluation, anthropometric examination there was a constant decrease in the patient's weight, apart from that there was a decrease in leukocyte levels in biochemical examination, in physical and clinical examination there was a constant increase in blood pressure, a decrease in pulse and respiratory rate, body temperature tended to constant and reduced nausea. The patient's intake fluctuates due to the mismatch between the taste of hospital food and the patient's taste.

Conclusion: The patient's recovery condition is considered poor in terms of unstable food consumption due to a mismatch between the patient's appetite and the food provided.

Birth Anthropometry on the Occurrence of Stunting in Tentenan Barat Village, Pamekasan Regency

2024-06-27T15:29:14+07:00

Background: According to the 2022 data, 21.6% of Indonesian children under the age of five suffer from stunting, which is still below the 2024 RPJMN target. Pamekasan is one of the priority regency for stunting in Indonesia. Birth anthropometry, such as birth length and weight, are some of the risk factors for stunting. Hence, it is essential to conduct research at the village level to examine these risk factors and continue to reduce the stunting incidence in the future.

Objectives: This study aim to analyze the association between birth anthropometry (birth length and weight) and stunting.

Methods: This study was an analytic observational study using a case-control approach. The research was carried out in Tentenan Barat Village, Pamekasan Regency, Madura, East Java Province. The type of data in this research was secondary data obtained from ePPBGM data at Larangan Community Health Center in February 2023. The number of samples used in this study was 54 (18 cases and 36 controls). Analysis of the relationship between dependent and independent variables using the Fisher Exact test.

Results: Birth weight was not correlated with stunting (p-value = 0.107). Birth length was related to stunting (p-value = 0.012; OR = 8.5; 95% CI= 1.506 < OR < 47.962).

Conclusion: Birth length was birth anthropometry that associated with stunting in this study. It is necessary to fulfill nutritional intake and provide health care for mothers, especially during pregnancy, to prevent children from being born with low body weight and short length.

Analysis Alternative Priority Problem-Solving Infection Prevention and Control in Guido Valadares National Hospital Dili Timor-Leste

2024-03-26T09:26:55+07:00

Introduction: Infection prevention and control in hospitals is a practical approach based on real evidence to prevent patients, families and visitors as well as health workers from the risk of infection.

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to determine alternative priorities for solving infection prevention and control problems at Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares Dili, Timor Leste.

Methods: The method used in this research is qualitative research using interviews and focus group discussions involving 3 key informants consisting of the Executive Director, Clinical Director and Director of nursing and midwifery and 16 informants consisting 1 head of the Quality Control department, 13 head of rooms and 2 educators. Data analysis through several stages, namely problem identification, problem prioritization with the non-scoring Delphi, root cause of the problem with the Fishbone diagram and determining alternative priority problem-solving using the Capability, Accessibility, readiness and leverage (CARL) method.

Results: The results of the analysis show that the prevention and control of infections that are not running optimally have obstacles from the Human Aspects, Methods, Budget, Material and Machine or tools, based on the results of the analysis of alternative problem-solving priorities using the CARL method from the first and second rank are Conducting training for surveillance personnel, monitoring and evaluating infection prevention and control activities regularly.

Conclusion: Based on the analysis of alternative priority problem solving using the CARL Method is to organize training for surveillance personnel, conduct regular monitoring and evaluation of prevention activities. Monitoring and evaluation should be carried out regularly to monitor the implementation of intervention activities and evaluate infection prevention and control activities, surveillance activities so as to ensure targeted achievements.

Relationship between Immunization Coverage and Diphtheria Incidence in East Java 2023

2024-12-19T11:01:12+07:00

Background: Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria, which commonly affects body part such as the tonsils pharynx, larynx and nose. Mobility and population density are one of the risks of diphtheria transmission in humans who play a major role as a reservoir of diphtheria bacteria. The number of diphtheria cases in East Java Province in 2022 increased by 1.46 times compared to 2021. The death rate from diphtheria also increased by 0.21 times in 2022 compared to 2021. The number of PD3I (Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah dengan Imunisasi) case findings will indirectly illustrate the condition of immunization coverage received by the community as an effort to form herd immunity.

Objectives: To spatially analyze the distribution of diphtheria cases associated with immunization coverage by district/city in East Java in 2023.

Methods: A descriptive analytic approach was conducted through a spatial analysis model that explores data from a spatial perspective. Statistical analysis was also conducted to support the hypothesis of a relationship between the variables studied. Measurement of the strength of the relationship was carried out using the Spearman correlation test (α=0.05) to correlate the immunization coverage variable with diphtheria cases.

Results: From the mapping results, it is known that Situbondo district has the lowest immunization coverage (78%) and Bondowoso district has the highest immunization coverage (115%). Statistical tests showed no association between immunization coverage and diphtheria suspects, cases, and findings (p-value > 0,05).

Conclusions: The test results showed that there was no association between the two variables. Evaluation and monitoring of immunization implementation focusing on vaccine quality and activation of epidemiological investigation surveillance in East Java Province need to be done to optimize herd immunity in the community.

The Relationship between Work Posture and Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Tofu Factory Workers X in Banyuwangi 2023

2024-03-13T09:36:11+07:00

Background: Humans are an important factor in the work system. Work posture in workers will determine the work productivity of workers. Tofu factories include work in the informal sector. In the production process, there are risks that can cause occupational accidents or occupational diseases in workers. One of the health risks that can occur is Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs) complaints due to incorrect work postures.

Objective: Analyzing the relationship between work posture and pain complaints in workers who are not ergonomic when working at one of the X tofu factories in Banyuwangi, especially in the position of boiling soybean porridge.

Methods: Data collection was obtained through interviews and observations. The method used in analyzing data is the Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS) to analyze work postures in workers and the Nordic Body Map (NBM) to analyze pain complaints in workers. Data analysis was carried out using the contingency coefficient test.

Result: Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the posture of workers was not ergonomic at work, so it was a health risk. The results of the contingency coefficient statistical test analysis show that there is a strong relationship between work posture and musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) complaints.

Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between work posture and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) complaints among Tofu Factory X workers in Banyuwangi, so control efforts are needed so that workers experience increased work productivity and companies also get increased profits.

Drinking Water Treatment Proccess at Sumber Karangan Perumda Air Minum Tugu Tirta Kota Malang

2024-03-15T12:55:57+07:00

Background: Water is needed by humans, especially drinking water. Drinking water can be directly consumed if it meets the requirements in PERMENKES No.492/2010 concerning Drinking Water Quality Requirements. Sumber Karangan is the raw water source for PDAM Kota Malang has met the requirements for drinking water quality. Sumber Karangan raw water only uses a partial processing method, namely by using chlorination.

Objectives: In general, this study aims to explain the drinking water treatment process at Sumber Karangan. In particular, this study aims to determine the results of drinking water treatment by looking at the quality of drinking water physically, chemically, and bacteriologically at Sumber Karangan.

Methods: This study uses exploratory research methods through qualitative data collection by conducting interviews, direct observation, and literature review as supporting information related to drinking water treatment processes.

Results: Based on what we got on the field, the steps taken are intake, chlorination, reservoir, flushing, and customer distribution. Examination of the quality of raw water shows that the quality of raw water at Sumber Karangan only requires chlorination as a disinfection process. While checking the quality of the customer's drinking water shows that the quality meets the requirements in PERMENKES No.492/2010 concerning Drinking Water Quality Requirements.

Conclusions: The drinking water treatment process at Sumber Karangan is following applicable regulations and has been distributed to customer networks with guaranteed safety so that it can be consumed directly by customers.

Providing Post-Surgical Diet in Ovarian Cyst Patients Post-Cystectomy Surgery: A Case Report

2024-06-27T15:35:40+07:00

Background: Ovarian cysts are a condition where there is a lump filled with fluid, pus or solid tissue on the ovary. Based on the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey, the incidence of ovarian cysts in Indonesia reached 37.2% and most often occurs in women aged 20-50 years. Ovarian cysts can be treated with cystectomy surgery. Anemia can occur in ovarian cyst patients either due to genetic history, lifestyle changes or side effects from surgery. The standardized Nutritional Care Process (NCP) is carried out to provide appropriate nutritional care to ovarian cyst patients who will undergo cystectomy surgery.

Objectives: To know the implementation of Nutrition Care Process by providing a post-surgical diet for ovarian cyst patients

Methods: A case study was conducted in March 2021 on patients at Bakti Dharma Husada Hospital, Surabaya. Sampling has been determined in advance by the hospital nutritionist and internship guide according to the case criteria. The data collection method was carried out with literature studies and analytical observation for 3 days in the field of intake, physical/clinical, biochemical and anthropometric domains.

Results: Monitoring and evaluation results showed that there were fluctuating changes in laboratory, physical/clinical results, and patient intake increased within 3 days. The patient's food intake has increased significantly and it has reach the target of at least 70%.

Conclusion: The recovery condition is considered quite good based on the results of food intake monitoring, although the intake on the first and second days cannot be categorized as a significant increase because the patient was only given liquid food via a nasogastric tube (NGT). The results of the physical/clinical examination on the second and third days of the patient still felt nauseous, but this condition did not affect overall food intake.

Safety Climate and Safety Leadership Influence on Safety Performance in East Kalimantan Heavy Equipment Employees

2024-12-19T11:02:43+07:00

Background: Maintaining and repairing heavy machinery in coal mines included significant danger and may result in mishaps. Even with management's best efforts to provide acceptable employment, policies, practices, infrastructure, and safety gear, property damage and small injury occurrences nevertheless happen.

Objective: Examine how safety leadership and the safety environment affect employees of East Kalimantan heavy equipment companies' performance in terms of safety.

Method: A questionnaire was utilized in the study to gather data from 65 respondents who were chosen by simple random selection.

Results: The safety climate is positively and significantly impacted by safety leadership, according to path analysis (path coef = 0.962). Safety performance is positively and significantly impacted by safety leadership and climate (path coef = 0.562 and 0.415, respectively). With safety climate acting as a mediator, safety leadership may influence safety performance (path coef= 0.3992).

Conclusion: Safety leadership and safety climate can be antecedents for the safety performance of East Kalimantan heavy equipment company employees. Companies need to strengthen safety leadership by ensuring leaders practice safety principles, as well as creating a safety climate that is conducive to increasing employee safety commitment.

The Descriptive Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in the City of Surabaya from 2018 to 2022

2024-03-11T18:15:38+07:00

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a top-ranking communicable disease in terms of morbidity and mortality factors in Indonesia. Surabaya city has the highest TB cases in East Java in 2022, with a prevalence rate of 355 per 100,000 population.

Objectives: This study will provide an overview of tuberculosis cases in Surabaya City from 2018 to 2022.

Methods: The research employs a descriptive approach using an ecological study design. The aggregate data sourced from the Surabaya City Health Office's reports, with the analysis unit being the sub-district, are utilized in this study. Other articles serve as comparative sources for the findings in this research.

Results: Throughout the years 2018 to 2022, the spread of TB was higher in males than females, with a prevalence exceeding 53%. Based on regions, the prevalence of TB varies across different areas and does not always correlate with regions with high population and density. In terms of time, there was an increase in TB cases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic which is in 2021, there were 4,628 TB cases, which then rose to 8,218 cases in 2022.

Conclusion: TB cases burden in Surabaya City among males during 2018-2022 surpassed females, attributed partly to lifestyle choices and smoking, while population density isn't always the primary factor in TB prevalence due to its multifactorial nature; moreover, the resurgence of TB cases post-pandemic doesn't necessarily signify negativity, as it might indicate improved TB case reporting compared to the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Validity and Reliability Test of Research Instruments on Husbands’ Support on Barriers to Using Long-Term Contraceptive Methods among Multiparous Active Acceptors in Surabaya

2024-06-27T15:39:11+07:00

Background: Various factors motivate couples of childbearing age to use long-term contraceptive methods (MKJP), despite their effectiveness and efficiency being 20 times higher than non-MKJP types. One of them is the husband's support factor. Validity and reliability tests ensure that a research instrument for data collection complies with the rules. In validity testing, the test method often involves comparing the score of each statement item with the total score. Reliability testing often employs the Cronbach's alpha test.

Objectives: This research aims to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire with the variable husband's support on barriers to using MKJP among active multipara acceptors in Surabaya.

Methods: This research was carried out with a quantitative analysis research design with the Great Surabaya Cadre analysis unit in Kenjeran District, which has active multipara acceptor status. Data were collected using convenience sampling from 30 Great Surabaya Cadres, Kenjeran District, by administering a questionnaire containing 10 statements about a husband's support with a measurement scale.

Results: The results of the study stated that the husband's support questionnaire was valid and reliable, with a calculated Pearson r correlation value (0.469–0.748) > r table (0.361) and a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.809.

Conclusion: Based on the results and discussion, a conclusion can be drawn, namely that the husband's support questionnaire regarding barriers to the use of MKJP among active multipara acceptors in Surabaya is declared valid and reliable.

Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental Sanitation and Handwashing Activities with the Incidence of Diarrhea in the Alak Health Center, Kupang City

2024-01-11T04:49:22+07:00

Background: Diarrhea is a serious problem in many countries, especially in areas with poor sanitation. This is influenced by both the environment and individual behavior. Its impact is significant, especially on infants, children, and the elderly. In Indonesia, diarrhea remains an unresolved issue, especially in areas with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors related to sanitation and personal hygiene to prevent diarrhea.

Objectives: Analyzing the relationship between environmental sanitation and good and correct hand washing behavior and the incidence of diarrhea in the work area of the Alak Health Center, Kupang City.

Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach was established. Data collection was obtained using questionnaire instruments, interviews and environmental observations. The sample consisted of 100 individuals residing in the Alak Sub-District, the working area of Alak Community Health Center, including the Nunhila, Nunbaundelha, Nunbaunsabu, Namosain, Alak, and Penkase-Oeleta neighborhoods, selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square method.

Results: The yields of this research shown that has relationship among the availability of clean water and the incidence of diarrhea (p-value 0.001), public waste disposal facilities (p value 0.000), and good hand washing behavior (p value 0.000).

Conclusions: Availability of clean water, public waste disposal facilities, and good hand washing behavior are related to the incidence of diarrhea. The recommendations include paying attention to clean water supply, waste management, and promoting clean living behavior in the working area of the Alak Health Center, Kupang City.

Providing a Diabetes Mellitus Diet, High Protein, and Low Salt to Diabetes Mellitus Patient with a History of Stroke and Dextra Pedis Gangrene Condition Accompanied by Below Knee Amputation Surgery

2024-12-19T11:05:37+07:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by increased blood glucose levels. One type of diabetes mellitus is type 2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, other factors such as obesity, exercise, stress, and aging. One of the effects of diabetes mellitus is gangrene characterized by necrosis and infection of the inner soft tissue. Diabetics are susceptible to infections in foot which then develop into gangrene. Patients who have suffered from diabetes mellitus for years will tend to be at risk of developing ulcers which can result in amputation.

Objectives: The purpose of writing this article is to knowing the nutrition care process to type 2 diabetes mellitus patient with a history of stroke, gangrene pedis dextra condition, and below knee amputation surgery

Methods: The case study was conducted in November 2023 on inpatients of X Gresik Hospital. Data was obtained through 1x24-hour food recall observation before the patient entered the hospital and 3x24-hour food recall while in the hospital, interviews, direct observation, anthropometric measurements, medical record data, and literature studies. Intake data was processed using the Nutrisurvey application to determine the patient's daily intake.

Results: After monitoring and evaluating for 3 days of intervention, the results showed that food intake had decreased on the 2nd day, classified as a severe deficit because after the amputation process and decreased appetite, while on the 3rd day, food intake had increased significantly, classified as a moderate deficit, characterized by reduced nausea and increased appetite. The biochemical data up to day 3 was classified as still abnormal, which was influenced by the amputation.

Conclusions: The increase in food intake was seen significantly on the last day of intervention, when the results were quite significantly comparable to those of patients who had undergone amputation and had no complaints of nausea. Overall, the intervention provided was achieved.

Providing High Energy and High Protein Diet to Patient Cholelithiasis Post Cholecystectomy Surgery: A Case Study

2024-05-05T16:42:48+07:00

Background: Cholelithiasis is a stone that forms in the gallbladder which is composed of cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile. The presence of risk factors such as obesity, genes, female gender, lifestyle (often eating fatty foods), pregnancy, certain medications (estrogens, fibrates, somatostatin analogues), gallbladder stasis, metabolic syndrome, extreme diets, prolonged fasting, and bariatric surgery may increase the occurrence of cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis can be treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The standardized Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is carried out by providing a high-energy and high-protein diet.

Objective: To determine the management of standardized NCP for patients with a high energy and high protein diet for cholelithiasis post-cholecystectomy surgery.

Methods: The case study was carried out directly (using primary data) which was conducted in September 2023 on patient at RS X Surabaya

Results: After monitoring and evaluation for three days, the results showed that the patient’s nutritional intake fluctuated and had not yet met the target (90 – 110%) of daily requirements, but had met 50% of daily requirements. This occured because the patient remains in the Ebb Phase and Flow Phase following surgery, accompanied by nausea and stomach discomfort, which has reduced the patient’s appetite. On the contrary, the physical/clinical examination of patient is increasing daily. The anthropometry results also showed that there was no weight loss. The laboratory result was not reexamined as it is categorized as normal.

Conclusion: The observed patient’s recovery is not progressing well, as the results of monitoring nutritional intake still show fluctuating changes. However, the physical/clinical results show an improvement. Physical/clinical examination of the pain experienced by the patient gradually improved but had not fully recovered. The anthropometric also met the target; there was no significant weight loss. The laboratory result was not reexamined as it is categorized as normal. Overall, the nutritional intervention provided reached 50% of the recommended daily requirements.

The Relationship of Junk Food Consumption Frequency, Nutritional Status, and Body Fat Mass with Age Menarche in School Children

2024-07-11T06:47:28+07:00

Background: Menarche is the onset of menstruation for the first time in women. Menarche can be a sign of reproductive organ maturity. On average, menarche occurs at the age of 12-13 years, but in recent years the age of menarche has shifted to a younger age. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas, the average age of menarche in Indonesia has decreased by 0.6 years since 2010.

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between frequency of junk food consumption, nutritional status, and body fat mass as factors of age at menarche.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. This study involved students who had experienced menarche in grades IV, V, and VI of SDIT At-Taqwa Surabaya. The study sample was 47 students who were selected using simple random sampling method. Data on the frequency of junk food consumption was obtained using FFQ form, nutritional status using BAZ, and body fat mass using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the data.

Results: It was found that the average age of menarche of female students was 10.1 years and as many as 65.9% experienced early menarche. Most of the students consumed junk food frequently sometimes, had more nutritional status, and healthy category fat mass. The results of data analysis show that there is a relationship between the frequency of fast-food consumption (p=0.045, r=-0.249), frequency of snack consumption (p=0.017, r= 0.348), nutritional status (p=0.007, r=-0.389), and body fat mass (p=0.018, r=-0.343) with the age of menarche of school children.

Conclusion: The higher the frequency of fast food and snack consumption, nutritional status, and body fat mass, the earlier the age of menarche.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mango, Orange, and Dragon Fruit Juice on Low-Density Lipoprotein (Studies on Hypercholesterolemia Sprague Dawley Rats)

2024-02-02T15:42:43+07:00

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where cholesterol levels in the blood exceed normal limits. Fruits such as Gedong Gincu mango, sweet orange, and red dragon fruit contain nutrients that can lower cholesterol levels.

Objectives: The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Gedong Gincu mango, sweet orange, and red dragon fruit in reducing LDL cholesterol levels.

Methods: Using a randomized controlled pre-posttest design, the subjects involved experimental animals (rats), totaling 30, randomly divided into five groups. Group K1 received standard feed, while K2, K3, K4, K5 were given High Fat Diet (HFD) until they developed hypercholesterolemia. Subsequently, K3 received Gedong Gincu mango 3.6 mL/200 g BW, K4 sweet orange 9 mL/200 g BW, and K5 red dragon fruit 3.6 mL/200 g BW.

Result: The research results indicate that group K3 had an average change in LDL levels of -38.65±3.44 mg/dL (p=0,000) , K4 (-48.36±3.80 mg/dL, p = 0,000), and K5 (-51.88±2.21 mg/dL, p = 0,000).

Conclusion: The administration of Gedong Gincu mango, sweet orange, and red dragon fruit reduces LDL cholesterol. The administration of dragon fruit has a higher effectiveness in reducing LDL cholesterol by -51.88±2.21 mg/dL.

The Importance of Health Education in Children at Pusat Pendidikan Tahfidz Sains dan Teknologi Pulau Penang: A Community Development Protocol

2024-06-28T12:31:39+07:00

Background: Health education plays a vital role in shaping the physical, mental, and social well-being of children by imparting essential knowledge and skills for informed health decisions.

Objectives: This paper explores the significance of health education in children, emphasizing its impact on development and effective implementation strategies using hands-on activity.

Methods: The community development held at Pusat Pendidikan Tahfidz dan Teknologi Pulau Penang with the title Program Saintis Muda dan Doctor to Be. The program is collaboration initiative of Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga and Faculty of Health Science Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia. The program consisted of 8 stations and divided to 16 classes. The program involved 432 students from primary school and high school level.

Results: Health education develops essential emotional and social skills needed for managing relationships and emotions effectively. Research underscores that healthy children excel academically and contribute to societal health equity. Hands-on learning methods in health education engage children actively through interactive activities and simulations, enhancing practical skills, critical thinking, and personal relevance. These methods bridge theoretical knowledge with real-world application, empowering children to manage their health effectively.

Conclusion: Investing in comprehensive health education programs ensures a healthier and resilient future generation.

Providing Education Related to Anemia using Leaflet and PowerPoint Media on the Knowledge of Adolescents in Kalimas Village, Besuki District, Situbondo Regency

2024-06-27T10:23:11+07:00

Background: Anemia can be considered a significant health issue among Indonesian teenagers, with a relatively high incidence rate of 32%. Within the age range of 15-24 years, the incidence rate of anemia among teenage girls reaches 27.2%, while among teenage boys it is 20.3%. One of the regions in Indonesia with a relatively high incidence rate of anemia is Situbondo Regency. It is known that 49% of pregnant women and teenage girls have sufficient and insufficient knowledge regarding anemia and iron supplement consumption. Preventing and managing anemia in adolescents can be achieved by increasing their knowledge and understanding of anemia and its effects. Providing education to adolescents can be done through lecture and discussion methods.

Objectives: Increase the knowledge of Kalimas Village adolescents regarding anemia and encourage them to develop a supportive environment to improve adherence to regular and sustainable consumption of blood supplement tablets.

Methods: This community service was implemented using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the education implementation consisted of 10 adolescents from the age range of 12 to 20. Data on adolescent knowledge related to anemia was obtained through pretest and posttest questionnaires. The education on anemia was delivered through lecture and discussion methods using leaflets and PowerPoint as media.

Results: The statistical analysis conducted using the Paired Sample T-Test indicates that the average knowledge score of adolescents before and after receiving education increased. The p-value of 0.000, which is significantly smaller than 0.05, suggests a significant difference in the level of knowledge among adolescents before and after receiving education.

Conclusions: The provision of education through lectures and discussions, utilizing leaflets and PowerPoint media related to anemia, can effectively enhance adolescents' knowledge. It is hoped that similar activities can be conducted regularly and sustainably, accompanied by a monitoring scheme for blood tablet consumption as a form of effort to reduce the incidence of anemia and accelerate the reduction of stunting rates in Indonesia.

Providing High Protein Diet to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Gangrene Ulcer and Hypokalemia: A Case Report

2024-05-05T21:23:19+07:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious condition caused by increased blood glucose levels due to insufficiency of the insulin hormone in maintaining blood sugar balance in the body. In certain cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus can result in gangrene, which is a soft tissue infection characterized by muscle tissue death or myonecrosis caused by gram-positive bacteria. The Standardized Nutrition Care Process (PAGT) is carried out by providing a DM diet with high-protein diet principles to accelerate the healing of gangrene wounds in patients.

Objectives: This article aims to determine the process of standardized nutritional care for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with gangrene ulcers and hypokalemia who use a high protein diet.

Methods: The case study was conducted in November 2023 on inpatients at X Hospital, Gresik City.

Results: After monitoring and evaluation, the results showed that food intake had increased from 40% on the first day to 50.2% of total intake on the third day of intervention. However, it had not reached the target (<80%) due to post-operative weakness. Complaints of abdominal pain were felt on the last day, blood pressure decreased from normal at 120/80 to low on the second and third days due to unstable physiological conditions after surgery.

Conclusions: The patient's condition has not fully recovered. The results of biochemical and physical/clinical monitoring still show unstable changes. However, there has been an increase in food intake even though targets for several macronutrients have not been achieved.

Providing Diabetes Mellitus B1 Diet to Patients Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Sternal Wound Dehiscence Radius Sternum, Post Wound Debridement Re-debridement, Anemia: A Case Report

2024-05-14T16:04:41+07:00

Background: The Standardized Nutritional Care Process (NCP) in this case provide a B1 diabetes mellitus diet. DM B1 diet (2100 kcal) is a diet given to patients with diabetes mellitus with high protein requirements to meet daily needs and accelerate healing of infections due to chest wounds, in addition to controlling blood sugar to normal, increasing hemoglobin and albumin levels so that patients do not experience anemia and control body woight to be stable.

Objectives: To determine the provision of standardized nutritional care including assessment, nutritional diagnosis, nutritional intervention, monitoring and evaluation of nutrition in patients with a medical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin, post coronary artery bypass graft, sternal wound dehiscence radius sternum, post wound debridement and re-debridement, with a diet in the form of a 2100 kcal B1 diabetes mellitus diet.

Methods: Case studies were taken directly or primary data in October 2023 with inpatients at the Cardiac Medical Inpatient Installation of Surabaya Regional General Hospital.

Results: NCP is carried out by providing nutritional interventions for DM B1 diet and monitoring and evaluation for 3 days. The fulfillment of patient intake is on average, 80-110% fulfilled even more, and only protein macronutrients are still in the deficit category. The DM diet is given with the 3J principle (right schedule, amount, type). The results of monitoring and evaluation of patients including overweight, hemoglobin improved on the third day and albumin was still in low levels, physical/clinical patients such as blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse, SpO₂, showed that they were normal, had mild pain and compos mentis consciousness. The patient's complaints of nausea, vomiting, liquid stools, shortness of breath were not found during the nutritional care process so that the patient was in a fairly good condition.

Conclusions: The patient is in fairly good condition, appetite is not a problem, hemoglobin is improving, albumin is in the low category, BMI is in the overweight category, and physically / clinically good, so the healing process quickly improves and the target intake is met, only monitoring needs to be done on protein macronutrients.

Relationship between Individual Characteristics, Sexual Education Communication, Sexual Behaviour, and Access to Information with HIV/AIDS Knowledge among Male Adolescents in Indonesia

2024-07-07T21:00:13+07:00

Background: By the end of 2022, it was recorded that 39 million people worldwide having HIV, with higher transmission and mortality rates among men. Data in Indonesia in 2022 showed 58.95% of 52,955 HIV cases and 74.46% of 9,905 AIDS cases in Indonesia were male. Based on UNICEF data, 2.8 million adolescents and childrens have HIV. The level of HIV knowledge among male adolescents is lower than female adolescents, where low knowledge about HIV is a major factor in the high prevalence of HIV in adolescents

Objective: This study aims to understand the relationship between individual characteristics, sexual education communication, sexual behavior, and access to information on the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Indonesian male adolescents.

Methods: The study used quantitative methods with secondary data from the Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017, the dependent variable was the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the independent variables consisted of age, residence, highest level of education, sex education communcation with others, history of sexual intercourse, and history of access to information through radio, TV, newspapers or magazines, and the internet. Analysis using STATA 14 application. Bivariate analysis used chi-square and multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression.

Results: Age, residence, highest level of education, sex education communication with others, history of sexual intercourse, listening to the radio, using the internet, and reading newspapers or magazines have an association with the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge of male adolescents. Based on multivariate analysis, respondents aged 20-24 years, living in urban areas, not communicating about sex education with others, having had sexual intercourse, listening to the radio, using the internet, and reading newspapers or magazines at least once a week had higher odds of having a high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: Communication with the right person directly can avoid misinformation. Sexual experience can broaden understanding of HIV/AIDS, including basic knowledge about prevention and potential impacts, before engaging in it. One of the main sources of knowledge is information, by accessing various HIV/AIDS information through radio, internet use or reading newspapers and magazines, can increase the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge.

Analysis of Birth Length and Birth Weight on Wasting in Children Under Two Years in Surabaya City

2024-07-08T05:28:40+07:00

Background: Wasting remains a significant public health problem in Surabaya. Wasting may hinder optimal performance during a child's golden years, the first 1,000 days of life, which has a significant impact on the quality of Indonesia's future human resources. Child conditions such as low birth weight and short birth length may increase the risk of wasting.

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between birth length and birth weight and the incidence of wasting in children under two years in Surabaya city.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design using secondary data. The total sample included 160 children selected by consecutive sampling from the working areas of Putat Jaya, Semimi, Tanah Kalikeding and Bangkingan Surabaya Health Center.Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test.

Results: The proportion of wasting was 13.8%. The study findings revealed a relationship between birth weight and the occurrence of wasting in Surabaya city (p = 0.030 The study did not identify any relationship between birth length and the occurrence of wasting (p = 0.675).

Conclusions: Evidence from the study supports a relation between birth weight and wasting in children under two years in Surabaya City. However, birth length is not associated with the occurrence of wasting.

The Effect of Nutrition Education using Flashcard on Changes in Knowledge and Frequency of Breakfast in SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya

2024-05-27T16:37:05+07:00

Background: Breakfast is a mealtime activity involving eating and drinking from waking up in the morning until 09.00 AM with a menu guided by balanced nutrition. Breakfast can increase children's intelligence and productivity at school. Nutrition education using the play-based methods is highly suitable for elementary school, one of which is flashcard because it's contain lots of pictures, minimal text, and capture attention more effectively.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of nutrition education using flashcard on changes in knowledge and frequency of breakfast in SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya.

Methods: This study using quasi-experimental method with a pre-posttest group design. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. The study providing nutrition education using flashcard to the treatment group and poster to the control group.

Results: Wilcoxon test results indicate that there is a difference in the average level of knowledge before and after nutrition education using flashcard (p < 0,05). Moreover, the breakfast frequency of respondents increased after receiving nutrition education using flashcard.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference in the average level of knowledge and an increase in breakfast frequency in the treatment group before and after nutrition education using flashcard.

Nutritional Difference in Infants: Contrasting Carbohydrate and Lipid Profiles Between Normal and Obese States

2023-12-22T10:29:34+07:00

Background: Human milk (HM) is the best nutritional source for infant to support their growth during 6 months. Breastfed infants were thinner compared to formula-fed infants, but some breastfed infants are overweight/obese.

Objective: to compare the macronutrient content of HM in normal and overweight/obese infants aged under 12 months old.

Methods: A case-control study design, was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya on March–April 2018. HM of the infant overweight and obese was included in OW (overweight) group, while HM of the infant with normal nutritional status was included in N (normal) group. The HM samples were obtained from lactating mothers who breastfed predominantly, the baby's age ranged from 1-12 months old. HM macronutrients are measured using a human milk analyzer (HMA) (MIRIS®, Uppsala, Sweden). Statistical analysis conducted was Fisher exact Test and Pearson Chi-square, significant if p<0.05.

Results: A total of 20 lactating women were enrolled in this study, 2 are overweight infants and 8 are obese, obtained at the OW group. A total of 10 infants with normal weight were obtained in the N group. Lipid content in the OW group is higher than in the N group (4.3±1.7 vs. 2.4±1.0 g, p=0.005). Protein content was almost similar in both groups (p=0.122). Carbohydrate was lower in the OW group (2.4±0.7 g) than in the N group (3.4±0.6 g), p=0.007. The energy content of HM in the OW group was higher (54.975+40.49 kcal/ml) than in the N group (54.33±13.38 kcal/ml, p=0.000).

Conclusion: Lipids contained in HM likely affected the incidence of overweight/obese infant than other macronutrients.

Analysis of the Causes of Anemia Based on the Menstrual Cycle, Eating Patterns, and Nutritional Intake in Adolescents

2024-06-27T11:38:07+07:00

Background: Students as young women are vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia. Anemia in adolescent girls can be caused by factors such as the menstrual cycle, diet, and nutritional intake

Objectives: This research aims to analyze the relationship between the menstrual cycle, diet, intake of protein, iron, and vitamin C with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls

Methods: This observational analytical research involves 104 female students as a sample. Anemia is assessed by measuring the respondent's Hb level. Nutritional intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method. Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman rank test

Results: The research results stated that there was a relationship between the menstrual cycle (p-value 0.000); diet (p-value 0.000); protein intake (p-value 0.012); iron intake (p-value 0.001); Vitamin C intake (p-value 0.002) with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls.

Conclusion: The existence of this relationship means that the menstrual cycle, eating patterns, and nutritional intake are the causes of anemia in adolescent girls

Qualitative Study of Feeding Patterns and Nutritional Status of Toddlers with Deaf Parents in The Deaf Recitation Community in Wonokromo, Surabaya

2024-06-27T15:59:01+07:00

Background : Children under five years (Toddlers) experience rapid growth and development, both physically and psychomotorically. Toddler nutritional status is one of the indicators used to measure toddler health, including estimating the risk of disease. One of the factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five is feeding patterns. Feeding patterns are part of parenting which specifically concerns practices of the parenting food to children. Feeding patterns are an interaction between parents and toddlers, including deaf parents. The limited ability to hear impedes the language and communication skills of deaf, so it has an impact to the way deaf parents raise their toddlers.

Objectives : This study aimed to examine parenting patterns and determine the nutritional status of toddlers from deaf parents in the deaf recitation community in Wonokromo Village, Surabaya.

Method: Interviews, observations, documentation, and anthropometric measurements were held on three deaf families selected through purposive sampling. Family members and health workers as data triangulation. The data were analyzed by grouping data according to themes in narratives.

Results : The results showed that two mothers of toddlers had not breastfed for even two years. Deaf mothers found it difficult to breastfeed while working. Toddlers who live with families know and accept more types of food. Deaf parents share roles in providing food, so mothers are not the main providers. Deaf parents follow the toddler's wishes and do not force the toddler to eat. There is not much two-way interaction. Deaf parents act as providers while the toddlers are the receiver. Toddlers were not given a choice in their food menu, were fed, and were allowed to play, so they did not focus on their food. Deafness also results in a lack of nutritional knowledge for deaf people due to limited understanding, access to information, and communication. The three toddlers showed normal nutritional status at the time of the study. Although, one of the toddlers showed underweight status before the study was held.

Conclusion : Deafness is not a big obstacle in toddlers' feeding patterns. However, it still impacting the feeding practice, especially in interactions between toddlers and deaf parents, as well as the introduction of food. This research also shows the principal role of families and health workers as supervisors, information providers, and motivators, especially in monitoring the growth of toddlers whose parents are deaf. The nutritional status of the three toddlers showed normal by the antropomethric measurements.

Keywords : Deaf parents, feeding patterns, nutritional status, toddlers

Analysis of the Influence of Individual Factors and Community Factors on Exclusive Breastfeeding by Infant Mothers in the Working Area of Puskesmas X Tuban

2023-12-22T13:59:01+07:00

Background: Decreasing Infant Mortality Rate (AKB) and improving nutritional status are indicators of health development in Indonesia. This is closely related to exclusive breastfeeding of infants. In Tuban Regency, the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding decreased from 2019 to 2020, with an achievement of 79.5% to 76.7%. Success in increasing the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding involves several factors, namely individual factors and community factors in the mother's neighborhood.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of variables of maternal characteristics, attitudes, beliefs, social norms, stigma, and culture in the mother's living environment with variables of exclusive breastfeeding actions on infants in the Working Area of Puskesmas X Tuban.

Methods: Research using analytical research with the method used is observational research. This study used a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was as many as 110 mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months using the proportional sampling method.

Results: The results showed that individual factor variables had an effect on exclusive breastfeeding, obtained a Chi-Square value of > Chi-Square table (23.121>14.067) and a significance value of 0.002. The subvariables of individual factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding are age, expenditure, and knowledge. The variable community factor affects exclusive breastfeeding, obtaining a Chi-Square value of < Chi-Square table (11.844>7.815) and a significance value of 0.008. The subvariable of community factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding is culture.

Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding carried out by mothers to babies is influenced by several factors, including individual factors and community factors.

Literature Review: Factors Related to Iron Tablets Consumption Compliance among Adolescent Girls in Indonesia

2024-06-28T14:21:17+07:00

Background: Adolescent girls are among the groups considered to be more susceptible to anemia. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets serve as a solution to treat anemia in young women. However, there are barriers to compliance with IFA tablet use, with only 1.4% of young women using their iron supplements as recommended.

Objectives: This literature review aims to delve deeper into the factors influencing the intake adherence of IFA tablets among Indonesian adolescent girls.

Methods: A literature review study was conducted using the PRISMA framework, which encompasses the stages of identification, sorting, and inclusion. Articles were sourced through databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, resulting in 15 eligible articles after filtering.

Results: Factors associated with IFA tablet intake adherence among Indonesian adolescent girls encompass knowledge, awareness, motivation, interest, self-efficacy, attitude, peer support, family support, household income, father's education, the role of health workers, IFA tablet availability, Hb screening, age, area of residence, teacher involvement, the role of UKS, explanation video media, nutrition diary book, and health applications such as Teenfit and CERIA.

Conclusions: Factors associated with consumption compliance among Indonesian adolescent girls include behavioral and psychological factors, social factors, family factors, health and medical factors, demographic factors, school factors, and media and technology factors. Factors contributing to non-compliance in young women when using IFA include forgetfulness, side effects of IFA, sensory stimulation, feeling that they do not need IFA because they are healthy, and limited teacher resources.

Kajian Literatur: Pengaruh Penambahan Hati Ayam terhadap Kandungan Zat Besi pada Produk Formulasi Makanan untuk Mencegah Anemia

2024-01-04T20:56:26+07:00

Background: Iron (Fe), together with protein, is needed by the body in the formation of hemoglobin, so if the amount of intake is less, the number of red blood cells used to transport oxygen to the lungs is not enough to meet the physiological needs of the body with normal hemoglobin levels of 12-15 g/dl in female adolescents and 13-17 g/dl in male adolescents. Iron deficiency causes disturbances or obstacles to growth, which can cause symptoms of lethargy, weakness, fatigue, and forgetfulness to anemia. Chicken liver is the most common source of iron used as a food formulation additive because it is easily accessible and is a source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed and contains less mineral-binding material. Therefore, nutrient fortification in food formulations using chicken liver is needed to prevent anemia.

Objectives: The effect of iron nutrient levels from food formulation results was analyzed by utilizing chicken liver as a substitute material intended to increase iron intake and prevent anemia.

Methods: This research used the Literature Review method by tracing and reviewing several similar research articles that used experimental studies, especially in product development, that utilized chicken liver as a source of iron intake. The article search used the Google Scholar electronic database within the last 10 years (2014-2024) with keywords “anemia”, "iron", "food formulations", and "chicken liver".

Results: From the 12 articles found, all formulas met the percentage of daily iron requirements according to the targets set by each study. The best formula had the highest iron content, 14.05 mg per 100 grams, while the formulation with the lowest iron content still met the target percentage of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), which was 2.04 mg per 100 grams. The difference in iron content among the studies could be influenced by the percentage of chicken liver added to the formulation and the addition of other potential food ingredients.

Conclusions: The addition of chicken liver affects iron levels produced by food formulation products, which has the potential to prevent anemia in the community.

Literature Review: The Correlation between Fiber Consumption and Fluid Intake and the Occurrence of Functional Constipation in Adolescent Children

2024-05-06T18:23:09+07:00

Background: Functional constipation is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) that represents the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in childhood. Its reported prevalence ranges from less than 1% to 32%, varying based on the reference population and definition employed. The prevalence of functional constipation in adolescents can vary significantly in different regions of the world. cases of functional constipation in Indonesia for ages 4 – 17 years, the prevalence of constipation was 22.6% of 482 children. When compared with other countries, functional constipation in Indonesia is relatively high. Cases of functional constipation can reduce the quality of life in the form of limited mobility, activity and productivity in teenagers. The pain experienced will really disrupt the teaching and learning process of students. Students become unfocused in studying or reduce their attendance in class because their conditions do not allow them to carry out activities as usual. Of the many factors, fiber intake and low fluid intake are the ones that cause functional constipation.

Objectives: This article aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the relationship between fiber intake and fluid intake and the incidence of functional constipation in adolescents.

Methods: This study uses a literature review method from a database source, namely Google Scholar, by selecting articles published within the last 10 years, consisting of national and international articles. There were 13 articles regarding the correlation between fiber intake and fluid intake and the incidence of constipation in adolescents

Results: Several articles show that low fiber intake is correlated with the occurrence of functional constipation. Adolescents who have insufficient fiber and fluid intake cause a lack of air absorption in the intestines, resulting in hard stools that are difficult to expel.

Conclusion: The conclusion of the literature review emphasizes the importance of adequate fiber intake and fluid intake in preventing functional constipation in adolescents.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Stunting Prevention Program: Literature Review

2023-11-07T16:37:58+07:00

Background: Stunting is one of the major health issues resulting from chronic malnutrition that continues to be a priority for the government to address urgently. The implementation of stunting prevention programs has been ongoing across various regions in Indonesia for a considerable time. It is essential to monitor and evaluate these programs to determine whether they are currently running smoothly or not.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the extent of government efforts in addressing the stunting problem and to evaluate the programs that have previously been and are currently being implemented comprehensively across Indonesia.

Methods: : The researchers employed a literature review approach by collecting and reviewing previous studies on the evaluation of stunting programs from the Google Scholar database, covering the years 2019-2023. A total of 8 articles evaluating the implementation of stunting programs were analyzed, focusing on components such as input, process, and output.

Results: This study reveals that in terms of input, the evaluation found limitations in funding, human resources, implementation procedures, and infrastructure. Evaluation of the process aspect involved planning, organization, actualization, and reporting of program implementation. The output aspect was reviewed based on the achievement of program success indicators.

Conclusions: Based on the evaluation of the stunting prevention programs in terms of input, process, and output, it was found that the programs have been well-implemented in some health centers or regions. However, several obstacles were also encountered

Literature Review: Relationship between Depression Level and Physical Activity with Hypertension in the Elderly

2024-05-20T13:58:51+07:00

Background: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health issues among older adults. Depression, anxiety, and other negative emotions play a crucial role in the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of hypertension, making blood pressure fluctuations harder to manage, speeding up the disease’s progression, and diminishing the quality of life for patients with hypertension.

Objectives: To examine the correlation between the level of depression and hypertension in older adults.

Methods: This study applied a literature review approach using various databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After the screening process, six journals relevant to the topic under investigation were found.

Results: There were 6 articles that showed a significant association between depression and the occurrence of hypertension among older adults, highlighting the importance of taking psychological factors into account in their health management.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is an association between depression and the occurrence of hypertension in older adults.

Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Adiponectin in The Association between Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Malayaustronesia Children and Adolescent: A Systematic Review Protocol

2024-03-25T09:42:36+07:00

Background: Risk factors of metabolic syndromes develop in childhood and tacks across life, which may lead them to a higher risk of getting cardiovascular diseases and premature deaths. A healthy diet and being physically active are supposed to modify the risk of metabolic syndromes (MetS). However, those observations primarily work in adult samples and the biological mechanisms that link that behavioural factor and MetS in children and adolescent still need to be explored. Asian people are more likely to get MetS than their white counterparts, but study in Malay-Austronesia children is minimal.

Objectives: This study aims to comprehensively review and appraise studies that elucidate biological factors (insulin-like growth factor-1 and adiponectin) that possibly mediate the relationship between those risk factors and MetS in Malay-Austronesia children.

Methods: The search will be performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and local databases Garuda (Garba Rujukan Digital, Indonesian) and Mycite (Malaysian citation index). All prospective cohort studies that examine the association of one of the behavioral factors (dietary intakes OR physical activity) AND one of the biological factors (Insulin-like growth factor OR adiponectin) with MetS or its components in healthy children with the exposures start from the age of 1 and 12 years of age and outcomes begin from 1 year and two months until the age of 18 years old are eligible. Only literature in English and local languages from inception to 31 December 2023 that match eligibility criteria will be included. National Institute of Health tool for observational studies will be used to assess the quality of included studies. This work was registered to PROSPERO CRD42023471481.

Results: The findings may shed light on how the predefined biological factors mediate those behavioural factors on MetS in children. The findings will also be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion: This review utilizes relevant databases to optimize the searching of eligible studies. Eligible studies will be extracted by more (four) researchers who work independently with a predefined data extraction template. There are possibility some studies report significant finding on IGF-1 binding protein instead of total IGF-1 or its molar ratio will challenge the statistical analysis.