https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/issue/feedMedia Kedokteran Hewan2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Yulianna Puspitasariyulianna-puspitasari@fkh.unair.ac.idOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>WELCOME</strong> to Open Journal Systems (OJS) Media Kedokteran Hewan (MKH).</p> <p>Media Kedokteran Hewan (<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/0215-8930" target="_blank" rel="noopener">p-ISSN: 0215-8930</a>) (<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2775-975X" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-ISSN: 2775-975X</a>) (established 1985) in collaboration with Indonesian Veterinary Medicine Association (PDHI) publishes all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes periodically three times a year (January, May, and September). Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes original articles, review articles, and case studies in Indonesian or English, with an emphasis on novel information of excellent scientific and/or clinical quality, relevant to domestic animal species and biotechnology of veterinary medicine from researchers, lecturers, students, and other practitioners around Indonesia and worldwide.</p> <p>Since volume 31 issue 1 in 2020, our website is managed through the Open Journal System (OJS). Archives for Volumes 1 to 30 can be downloaded via the following link <a href="http://journal.unair.ac.id/MKH@media-kedokteran-hewan-media-1.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[click]</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/57405Back Cover2024-05-08T15:14:14+07:00Rosa Kartika Al Jihadirosakartikaa@gmail.com2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Rosa Kartika Al Jihadihttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/53957Ivermectin Versus Selamectin and Fipronil as Ectoparasite Treatment in Cats and Dogs: A Literature Review 2024-01-12T09:31:31+07:00Intan Hermawanintanpermatasari@uwks.ac.idKurnia Desiandurakurniadesiandura@uwks.ac.idHana Cipka Pramuda Wardhanihanacipka@uwks.ac.id<p>Ectoparasite is commonly found on the skin and can cause dermatological problems. In veterinary practices, ivermectin, selamectin, and fipronil are commonly used to treat ectoparasitosis. This article aims to deeply examines the indications and contraindications of ivermectin, selamectin and fipronil. Ectoparasites are commonly found in cats and dogs and make up a large percentage of cases compared to other diseases. Therefore, it is important to have an understanding of the drugs that are effective against ectoparasites. In the past, ivermectin was a popular antiparasitic drug due to its high efficacy. However, its safety is not directly proportional its efficacy. Ivermectin has adverse effects, as evidenced by numerous case reports of overdose, intoxication, and interference with certain organ functions. In the field of pharmacology, many new drugs have been developed with the expectation of improved efficacy and safety. Two examples of such drugs are selamectin and fipronil. This article allows veterinarians and other readers to compare the safety and efficacy of these drugs before administering them to their patients.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Intan Hermawan, Kurnia Desiandura, Hana Cipka Pramuda Wardhanihttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/52605Case Study: Open Pyometra in a Pomeranian Dog at INI Veterinary Service Clinic 2023-12-13T12:16:42+07:00Dwi Kristantodwikristanto.dwi@gmail.comDina Wahyu Nur Ainidinawahyunuraini02@gmail.comIwan Willyantoinivetservice@gmail.comDodik Prasetyododik_prasetyo@ub.ac.idNofan Rickyawannofanvet@ub.ac.id<p>A five-year-old female Pomeranian dog presented with vomiting, restlessness, decreased appetite, and vaginal discharge. The physical examination revealed yellowish to brownish purulent vaginal discharge with an unpleasant smell. The X-ray image showed an enlarged uterus, while the hematology results revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The blood chemistry test results showed abnormalities, including elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase levels (ALP) and cholesterol as well as decreased amylase levels. Based on the anamnesis, clinical findings, physical examination, and supporting examinations, it was concluded that the dog was diagnosed with open cervix pyometra. The dog was treated with oxytocin hormone at a dose of 0.5 IU/kg BW, methylergometrine at a dose of 0.125 mg/dog, enrofloxacin at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW, carprofen at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg BW, cyproheptadine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg BW, ranitidine at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg BW, ondansetron at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW, glyseryl guaiacolate at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW, ambroxol HCl at a dose of 2 mg/kg BW, Fufang® at adose of 1 ml, Sangobion® at a dose of 100 mg/dog, Maxbiotik® at a dose of 66 mg, and Transfer Factor Plus® at a dose of 20 mg. The treatment resulted in an improvement in the animal's condition as evidenced by the absence of nasal and vaginal discharges and vomiting, as well as a stool consistency of two out of five.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dwi Kristanto, Dina Wahyu Nur Aini, Iwan Willyanto, Dodik Prasetyo, Nofan Rickyawanhttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/51807Case Report: Ehrlichia ewingii Infection in a Shih Tzu Mix Dog2023-12-03T10:13:56+07:00Nonitema Nazaratemanazara2911@gmail.comPutu Devi Jayantiputudevijayanti@unud.ac.idI Nyoman Suarthanyoman_suartha@unud.ac.id<p>Ehrlichiosis is a dog disease caused by <em>Ehrlichia</em>, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, and transmitted by ticks of the genus <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em>. This case report aims to identify the infectious agent and describe the treatment for a case of ehrlichiosis. The examination results showed signs of ehrlichiosis in a male shih tzu mix dog aged three months. The dog had been suffering from itching, weakness, decreased appetite, and tick infestations over the entire body for the past month. The physical examination showed that the dog was limping and had pale oral mucosa. Meanwhile, the routine hematological examination showed signs of neutrophilia, hypochromic microcytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. In addition, the blood smear examination showed intracytoplasmic bodies in the neutrophils of the dog. Blood tests using the test kit showed a positive result for ehrlichiosis. The dog was diagnosed with ehrlichiosis with a good prognosis. The treatment included doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW q24h PO for 28 days, Livron B.plex at a dose of 1 tablet per day PO for 14 days, Fufang Ejiao Jiang at a dose of 1 ml per day PO for 14 days, and Bravecto Spot-on. The condition of the dog improved after seven days of treatment. However, the routine hematological examination on day seven still showed signs of anemia and thrombocytopenia, necessitating continued supportive drugs.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Nonitema Nazara, Putu Devi Jayanti, I Nyoman Suarthahttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/50436Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Wild Rats (Rattus spp.) in Surabaya, East Java 2023-10-09T00:17:28+07:00Ponasari Galuh Pratamapgaluhp@gmail.comEndang Suprihatiesuprihati@yahoo.co.idLucia Tri Suwantitswant@gmail.comMufasirinmufasirinfkhunair@gmail.comPoedji Hastutiekpoedjihastutiek@gamil.comBoedi Setiawanboedisetiawan71@gmail.comHeni Puspitasarihenipuspitasari@staf.unair.ac.idElly Nur Indasariellynurindasari@gmail.com<p>Cryptosporidiosis is a waterborne zoonosis caused by <em>Cryptosporidium</em>, which is a parasite that causes infection of the small intestine and leads to acute diarrhea in both humans and animals. Wild rats (<em>Rattus </em>spp.) are known to carry many zoonotic pathogens including <em>Cryptosporidium</em>. Given their close proximity to humans in urban environments, the likelihood of disease transmission is high. This study aims to detect the <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya City, East Java Province. Intestinal fecal samples were collected using necropsy. The flotation test and Ziehl-Neelsen stain were used to observe the presence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> under the microscope. The results showed that 69 samples were positive for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in the oocyst stage, which appeared dark pink with a clear cavity and the size of the oocysts ranged from 2-6 μm. The high incidence of cryptosporidiosis in wild rats is a potential health threat to both animals and humans.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ponasari Galuh Pratama, Endang Suprihati, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Mufasirin, Poedji Hastutiek, Boedi Setiawan, Heni Puspitasari, Elly Nur Indasarihttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/48753Blood Glucose Levels, Platelet Count, and Urinary Ketone Levels in Lame Bali Cattle 2023-08-15T12:38:48+07:00Putu Devi Jayantiputudevijayanti@unud.ac.idI Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawannico_fajar_g@unud.ac.id<p>Lameness is a common problem in Bali cattle. It is caused by various factors, both infectious and non-infectious. This study aims to evaluate the physiological changes in the levels of blood glucose and urinary ketone in lame Bali cattle. This study included 18 Bali cattle with locomotive disorders. Blood glucose levels were assessed from blood samples taken from the jugular vein, while urinary ketone levels were assessed from manually taken urine samples during urination of Bali cattle. The results showed that Bali cattle with locomotive disorders had significantly low blood glucose levels as well as mild to moderate ketonuria and thrombocytosis, which were associated with the increased energy requirements of lame cattle for maintaining postural balance. The results also suggested that the incidence of lameness in Bali cattle was relatively high.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Putu Devi Jayanti, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawanhttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/51486Protective Effect of The Extract of Dayak Onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) on Sertoli and Leydig Cell Necrosis in Mice (Mus Musculus) Induced with Monosodium Glutamate2023-11-13T06:09:42+07:00Aldin Akbar Rahmatullahaldin.akbar01@gmail.comNurrohmah Ratnaningtyasnurrohmahraa@gmail.comRahmi Sugihartutirahmi-s@fkh.unair.ac.idSuherni Susilowatisuherni-s@fkh.unair.ac.idErma Safitrierma-s@fkh.unair.ac.idSri Mulyatisri-m@fkh.unair.ac.id<p>This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Dayak onions (<em>Eleutherine palmifolia</em>) on the number of necrotic Sertoli and Leydig cells in mice (<em>Mus musculus</em>) induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study involved 25 male mice aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 20 g. The mice were divided into five groups, namely C- (0.5% CMC-Na), C+ (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 0.5% CMC-Na), T1 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 30 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), T2 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 60 mg/kg of Dayak onion extract), and T3 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 120 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract). All treatments were administered for 52 days. The mice were euthanized on day 53 of the experiment. Their testicles were removed and used to prepare histological specimens with the H&E staining method. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the number of necrotic Sertoli and Leydig cells between the C+ group and the T1, T2, and T3 groups with gradually decreasing values. The results suggested that the administration of the extract of Dayak onions can prevent Sertoli and Leydig cell necrosis in mice induced with MSG at an optimal dose of 120 mg/kg BW.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Aldin Akbar Rahmatullah, Nurrohmah Ratnaningtyas, Rahmi Sugihartuti, Suherni Susilowati, Erma Safitri, Sri Mulyatihttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/53083Effect of Coffea canephora Bean Extract on Lead Acetate-Induced Rats2023-12-22T17:57:13+07:00Moch. Ilham Riza Fahlefimoch.ilham.riza-2020@fkh.unair.ac.idMaya Nurwartanti Yunitamayanurwartanti@fkh.unair.ac.idIndaka Rachmach Choirunnisaindaka.rachmach.choirunnisa-2020@fkh.unair.ac.idFarodina Azka Zhafirafarodina.azka.zhafira-2020@fkh.unair.ac.idFania Aulia Rahmafania.aulia.rahma-2020@fkh.unair.ac.id<p>Lead (Pb) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic and has no known uses. Most cases of poisoning in livestock are caused by lead poisoning. This study aims to determine the effect of <em>Coffea canephora </em>bean extract as an antioxidant on the heart histopathological features of white rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) induced by lead acetate. This study used 25 male Wistar rats aged between eight and ten weeks and weighing between 200 and 250 grams. The rats were divided into five treatment groups, namely negative control (C-), positive control (C+), treatment one (T1), treatment two (T2), and treatment three (T3). The results suggested that the administration of 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, or 800 mg/kg BW of <em>Coffea canephora </em>bean extract was not effective in improving the heart histopathological features, including cell degeneration, hemorrhage, and necrosis, of rats induced with lead acetate at a dose of 2 mg/kg BW.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Moch. Ilham Riza Fahlefi, Maya Nurwartanti Yunita, Indaka Rachmach Choirunnisa, Farodina Azka Zhafira, Fania Aulia Rahmahttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/53199Systemic Anti-inflammatory Activity of American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) Extract: A Molecular Docking Study2023-12-26T14:13:17+07:00Erfan Andrianto Aritonangerfanaritonang@gmail.comGunantigunantisoe@apps.ipb.ac.idRini Madyastuti Purwonokeyla@apps.ipb.ac.idSupriyonosupriyono84@apps.ipb.ac.id<p>Surgery can trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of <em>Periplaneta americana</em> cockroach extract as an oral systemic anti-inflammatory agent using molecular docking. The molecular docking method consisted of five steps. The first step was preparing the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) receptor as a native ligand, dexamethasone as a control ligand, and three test ligands of <em>Periplaneta americana </em>cockroach extract. The second step was docking preparation. The third step was analyzing Gibbs free energy (∆G) and root mean square deviation (RMSD). The fourth step was docking the test and control ligands with TACE. The fifth step was analyzing ∆G, inhibition constant (Ki), visualization of two- and three-dimensional interactions, percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS), and the rule of five (Ro5) on test ligands. The ∆G results for the native, control, and test ligands 1, 2, and 3 were -12.8, -7.1, -7.7, -6.9, and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The Ki values for the native, control, and test ligands 1, 2, and 3 were 4.091, 6.205, 2.253, 9.521, and 2.507 µM, respectively. The results of the Ro5 analysis suggested that the three test ligands satisfied Lipinski's rule of five. This study concluded that <em>Periplaneta americana </em>cockroach extract is an effective oral systemic anti-inflammatory agent.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Erfan Andrianto Aritonang, Gunanti, Rini Madyastuti Purwono, Supriyonohttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/51013Effect of the Extract of Dayak Onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) on the Sperm Quality of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced with Monosodium Glutamate 2023-11-14T09:13:56+07:00Aldin Akbar Rahmatullahaldin.akbar01@gmail.comRahmi Sugihartutirahmi-s@fkh.unair.ac.idSuherni Susilowatisuherni-s@fkh.unair.ac.idIwan Sahrial Hamidiwan-s-h@fkh.unair.ac.idTri Wahyu Suprayogitri-w-s@fkh.unair.ac.idKadek Rachmawatikadek-r@fkh.unair.ac.idErma Safitrierma-s@fkh.unair.ac.idImam Mustofaimam.mustofa@fkh.unair.ac.idSri Mulyatisri-m@fkh.unair.ac.id<p>This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Dayak onions (<em>Eleutherine palmifolia</em>) on the motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa in mice (<em>Mus musculus</em>) induced with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study involved 25 male mice aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 20 g. The mice were divided into five groups, namely C- (CMC-Na 0.5%), C+ (4 mg/g BW of MSG), T1 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 30 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), T2 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 60 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract), and T3 (4 mg/g BW of MSG and 120 mg/kg BW of Dayak onion extract). All treatments were administered for 52 days. The results showed no significant differences in the motility and concentration of spermatozoa between the C- (81.50 ± 4.18; 7.21 ± 0.37) and T3 (77 ± 2.74; 7.04 ± 0.13) groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the results showed significant differences in the viability of spermatozoa between the C- (83.30 ± 3.40) and T3 (77.20 ± 4.06) groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the administration of Dayak onion extracts orally to mice induced with MSG can maintain the motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Aldin Akbar Rahmatullah, Rahmi Sugihartuti, Suherni Susilowati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, Kadek Rachmawati, Erma Safitri, Imam Mustofa, Sri Mulyatihttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/53260Analysis of Milk Production and Quality of Friesian Holstein Cows Before and After Maintenance at the Maju Mapan Joint Business Group of Dairy Farmers in Malang 2023-12-27T20:06:53+07:00Yunan Alghifarialghifariyunan@umm.ac.idMuhammad Rijal Masyhur AminRijalmasyhur@gmail.comM. Anam Al Arifa6alarif81@gmail.comKhusnul Khotimahkhotimah@umm.ac.idAli Agusaliagus@ugm.ac.idAgussalim Agussalimagussalim_apis@yahoo.comMoh. Sofi'ul Anamm.sofiul.a@mail.ugm.ac.idMuhammad ‘Ahdi Kurniawanahdikurniawan98@gmail.com<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>This study aims to analyze the variations in milk production and milk quality at the Maju Mapan Joint Business Group of Dairy Farmers in Malang before and after the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in dairy cows. This study used fresh cow milk from dairy farmers who were members of the Maju Mapan Joint Business Group of Dairy Farmers in Malang. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. Out of a total of 300 dairy farmers at the Maju Mapan Joint Business Group of Dairy Farmers, 30 dairy farmers were selected as respondents. A sample of 10% the dairy farmers was taken to determine milk production and quality by recording data on milk production. The data were analyzed using the normality test and paired t-test. The results suggested significant differences in milk production and milk quality before and after the FMD outbreak at the Maju Mapan Joint Business Group of Dairy Farmers in Malang.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 yunan alghifari, Muhammad Rijal Masyhur Amin, M. Anam Al Arif, Khusnul Khotimah, Ali Agus, Agussalim Agussalim, Moh. Sofi'ul Anam, Muhammad ‘Ahdi Kurniawanhttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/51203Effect of Fermented Feeds on Weaned Piglets Experimentally Infected with Escherichia coli2023-11-03T00:44:13+07:00Gloria Pisha Karayegloriakaraye@gmail.comShola David Ola-Fadunsinolafadunsin.sd@unilorin.edu.ngPolycarp Nwunuji Tankopntanko@gmail.comCaleb Ayuba Kudikudi.ca@abu.edu.ng<p>Sixty large white breed piglets aged between 28 and 35 days were randomly assigned to five replicate groups (Bu1, Bu2, Bd1, Bd2, Bs1, Bs2, Lc1, Lc2, C1, and C2) with six pigs per group. The Bu1 and Bu2 groups were fed with wet and dry basal diets, respectively, supplemented with 0.8 mL (6 x 10<sup>6 </sup>colony-forming units (CFU)) of<em> Lactobacillus</em> isolated from burukutu (beverage made from sorghum grains). The Pg1 and Pg2 groups were fed with wet and dry basal diets, respectively, supplemented with 0.8 mL (6 x 10<sup>6 </sup>CFU/mL) of <em>Lactobacillus</em> isolated from pig hindguts. The Bs1 and Bs2 groups were fed with wet and dry basal diets supplemented with 0.8 mL (6 x 10<sup>6 </sup>CFU/mL) of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Bacillus pumilus</em>, respectively. The Lc1 and Lc2 groups were fed with wet and dry basal diets supplemented with 0.8 mL (6 x 10<sup>6 </sup>CFU/mL) of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, respectively. Meanwhile, the C1 and C2 groups as the control groups were fed with wet and dry basal diets, respectively. The treatment and control animals were infected with <em>Escherichia</em><em> coli</em> at 6 mL (1 x 10<sup>10 </sup>CFU/mL) orally. Aseptically collected fecal samples from the piglets in each group showed significant bacteriological and pathological differences. This study suggested that <em>Lactobacillus</em> species isolated from burukutu, pig hindguts, and industrial probiotics could inhibit colibacillosis.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Gloria Pisha Karaye, Shola David Ola-Fadunsin, Polycarp Nwunuji Tanko, Caleb Ayuba Kudihttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/51675Analysis of Differences in Farmer Income Estimation Between Middlemen and Animeter For Bali Cattle in Jaro Subdistrict, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan2023-11-16T12:55:47+07:00Muhammad Andika Aulia Rakhmanmuhammad.andika.aulia-2022@fkh.unair.ac.idSoeharsonosoeharsono@fkh.unair.ac.idMoh. Anam Al-Arifmoh-a-a-a@fkh.unair.ac.idBambang Sektiari Lukiswantobambangsektiari@fkh.unair.ac.idNusdianto Triakosonusdianto-t@fkh.unair.ac.idAnwar Ma'rufanwarmaruf@fkh.unair.ac.id<p>This study investigates differences in farmer income and body weight estimation for male and female Bali cattle in extensive farming in Jaro Subdistrict, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan. A random sampling approach was used, involving farmers from nine villages. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the body weights of male Bali cattle measured by an animeter compared to those estimated by middlemen. In contrast, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for female Bali cattle. These differences significantly impacted farmer income for male cattle because the income estimated by the animeter exceeded that estimated by the middlemen (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the two estimation methods for female cattle. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between the estimates made by the middlemen and those made by the animeter for both sexes of Bali cattle. This study used the Monte Carlo simulation to predict demand for male and female Bali cattle in 2024. On average, farmers were able to supply between two and three male Bali cattle and between three to seven female Bali cattle per month. To ensure a steady income, farmers are advised to supply at least one male or female Bali cattle. Moreover, farmer groups are encouraged to compensate for cattle shortages or surpluses, thereby ensuring a stable supply for middlemen and consumers.</p>2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Andika Aulia Rakhman, Soeharsono, Moh. Anam Al-Arif, Bambang Sektiari Lukiswanto, Nusdianto Triakoso, Anwar Ma'rufhttps://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/57404Front Cover2024-05-08T15:13:19+07:00Rosa Kartika Al Jihadirosakartikaa@gmail.com2024-05-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Rosa Kartika Al Jihadi