Media Kedokteran Hewan

Comparative Evaluation of Hemato-biochemical and Oxidative Parameters of Racing Horses

2024-06-02T03:22:56+07:00

Racing horses are prone to alterations in hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of racing on hemato-biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters of racing horses. Blood samples were collected from 15 control and 15 racing horses at four intervals (before, immediately after, 30 minutes after, and 24 hours after) to assay for hematological, serum biochemical, and oxidative stress markers. The result revealed significant changes (P < 0.05) in vital parameters such as erythrocyte count, hematocrit index, hemoglobin concentration, leucocyte count, lymphocyte, neutrophil, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cortisol, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, while glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, gamma-glutamyl transferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase remained unaltered (P > 0.05). The alteration in hemato-biochemical parameters reported in this study only lasted for about 30 minutes after racing, with all values returning to the baseline range by 24 hours post-race. Interestingly, the comparable activities of antioxidant stress markers reported suggests that the horses have developed adaptive mechanisms that have conferred them with increased resistance to oxidative stress and reduced oxidative damage. This study demonstrates the importance of schematic monitoring of racing horses peri-racing to prevent racing-induced pathophysiological alterations and promote their general wellbeing.

Indonesian Newcastle Disease Virus Field Isolate Reduces c-Jun Expression in Rat Mammary Cancer Models

2024-08-21T15:58:58+07:00

c-Jun is often found to be overexpressed in various cancers, so this gene might be a target for cancer therapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is recognized for its oncolytic properties and potential as a cancer virotherapy agent, with various mechanisms reported to trigger cancer cell death. This study aimed to assess the c-Jun expression in rat mammary cancer models. Rat mammary cancer models were categorized into two treatment groups: the control group (C) and the virotherapy group (V). Group C was administered with 0.5 cc of sterile PBS, while group V received 7 log 2 HAU per 0.5 cc of the Indonesian NDV field isolate Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 intratumorally. The treatment was carried out for four days in a row. Two weeks after treatment, all rats were humanely euthanized, and mammary cancer tissues were excised for further examination. Mammary cancer tissues were examined histopathologically and analyzed using immunohistochemistry to determine intranuclear c-Jun expression, quantified by the H-Score. The results demonstrated that NDV significantly reduced c-Jun expression. It can be inferred that NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 holds potential as a mammary cancer therapy agent by reducing c-Jun expression. This finding is considered novel, as there have been no previous reports of decreased c-Jun expression following virotherapy with NDV.

Hematological and Serum Chemistry of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in Diverse Breeds of Dogs

2024-08-04T13:06:34+07:00

Canine Parvovirus enteritis (CPV-2) is a highly infectious viral disease occurring in puppies resulting in high mortality with a myriad of clinical signs, hematological and biochemical changes during the progression of the disease. This study investigated hematological and biochemical changes in 30 CPV-positive dogs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Severe non-regenerative anemia (35.71%) and leukopenia (22 cases) were prevalent. Thrombocytopenia was severe in 73.33% of cases. Further analysis revealed normocytic hypochromic anemia in 42.86%, microcytic hypochromic anemia in 28.57%, and leukopenia categorized as mild (5), moderate (12), or severe (5). Biochemical changes included hyperproteinemia (26.7%), hyperalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and elevated liver enzymes in some cases. Renal dysfunction was evident in 16.7% of dogs with elevated creatinine. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between infected and healthy dogs. These findings underscore the critical impact of CPV on hematological and biochemical profiles, necessitating supportive care and emphasizing the crucial role of vaccination in disease prevention.

Curative Properties of Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) Extract on Mice (Mus musculus) Kidney Histopathology Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

2024-07-10T12:06:09+07:00

The aim of this research was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) extract on kidney histopathological damage in male mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Twenty 8-week-old male mice were randomly divided into five treatment groups (n=5). The negative control group (C-) consisted of mice not given kencur extract or exposed to cigarette smoke, while the positive control group (C+) comprised mice exposed to cigarette smoke without kencur extract. Treatment groups included Treatment 1 (T1) administered 150 mg/kg BW of kencur extract, Treatment 2 (T2) administered 300 mg/kg BW, and Treatment 3 (T3) administered 600 mg/kg BW. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 14 days. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate overall differences among the treatment groups. Where significant differences were found (p<0.05), further pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney test, confirming statistically significant differences between specific treatment groups. Treatment 3 (T3) was found to be the most effective in reducing histopathological damage in the kidneys of male mice. This study demonstrates that kencur extract effectively reduces histopathological damage in the kidneys of mice exposed to cigarette smoke, highlighting its potential as a protective agent against smoke-induced tissue injury.

Molecular Detection of FIPV among Imported Felines through Soekarno Hatta Airport, Indonesia

2024-07-17T01:38:07+07:00

One of the viruses that can cause disease in cats is feline coronavirus (FCoV). This virus is often divided into type I and type II. Type I is a highly pathogenic strain, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Type II is a milder strain, feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). The FIPV variant is said to be a result of a mutation from FECV. FIP disease is responsible for 0.3%-1.4% of cat deaths in veterinary clinics. This study aims to determine if there is an FIPV in imported cats at Soekarno Hatta Airport, Indonesia. Samples were taken from 15 imported cats from Russia and Vietnam. These two countries were chosen based on previously unreported cases. The samples, consisting of blood and rectal swabs, were tested molecularly using RT-PCR. Four samples from rectal swabs showed positive results with a single band at 677 bp. Two positive samples, namely 123v and 682v, were further sequenced. The study results indicate that the FCoV virus can be found in asymptomatic imported cats. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanism causing genetic diversification of FCoV or FIPV and its impact on the pathogenesis of FIP. Furthermore, the application of FIP vaccines from other countries should be tested for compatibility with the FIPV strains present in Indonesia.

Journal Review: Effectiveness of Supplementary Feed Ingredients on Egg Productivity and Body Weight Gain of Balibangtan Superior Hens

2024-03-29T16:18:33+07:00

Feed is a major determining factor in the success of layer and broiler farming. The nutritional content of the feed must meet the requirements to increase livestock productivity. To improve chicken performance, we use additional feed. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of feed ingredients as a feed supplementation for chickens by using production waste, forage, household waste, forage, and enzymes to increase the growth and production of KUB chickens. Ingredients that can be used as feed additives include coconut pulp, pumpkin waste flour, papaya leaf waste, teak leaf extract, moringa leaves, tilapia plants, betel leaf juice, BS4, selenium chitosan, phytase, xylooligosaccharide, kesum leaf flour, sago pulp, spinach waste, and BSF maggot. The results of this review showed that the most effective feed ingredient was the supplementation of teak leaf extract (Tectona grandis), with a protein content of 4.9%, being the most effective feed ingredient in increasing egg productivity up to 15%. The supplementation of kesum leaf flour, with an average body weight gain of 426.97 g/head, is the most effective feed ingredient for increasing body weight growth in KUB chickens.

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2025-01-07T06:52:38+07:00

Ovariohysterectomy in Cat as An Alternative Handling of Fetus Mummification Cases

2023-08-02T15:23:03+07:00

Fetal mummification is a rare and challenging condition in cats that requires immediate intervention to mitigate potential risks to the mother and future pregnancies. This case study presents the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of Pawpaw, a cat diagnosed with fetal mummification. Ovariohysterectomy was performed as an alternative treatment method to address the critical condition of the cat. The diagnosis was established based on various factors, including indications, anamnesis, clinical symptoms, clinical examination, clinical findings, and investigative results. Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through blood haematology tests and ultrasound examinations. The therapeutic approach consisted of administering a combination of normal saline fluid therapy, glycerin, ondansetron, ceftriaxone, intramox, doxycycline, acetylcysteine, sakatonic liver, vitamins, ventolin, Tripura, meloxicam, impacting, and furosemide. Anesthesia during the ovariohysterectomy procedure involved the use of atropine sulfate, xylazine, and ketamine. Despite the extensive medical intervention, the cat, Bimbim, succumbed to its critical condition during the surgery. This case study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt intervention in cases of feline fetal mummification. Ovariohysterectomy proved to be a viable alternative treatment option, although the critical condition of the cat posed significant challenges to its successful outcome. Further research and enhanced understanding of fetal mummification in cats are essential to improve the management and prognosis of this condition.

Elimination of Large Bladder Stone-Obstructing Pelvic Canal in African Spurred Tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) with Per-Cloacal Bladder Stone Removal Method without Utilizing an Endoscope

2024-05-16T09:20:43+07:00

Bladder stone formation in reptiles arises from the accumulation and subsequent solidification of uric acid in the urinary bladder. The bladder stones vary in size and can migrate from the bladder to the pelvic canal. In cases where larger bladder stones enter the pelvic canal, they pose a risk of obstructing the digestive and urinary tracts of the tortoise. This study discusses managing bladder stone elimination in sulcata tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata) located in the pelvic canal without utilizing an endoscope. In 2023, four sulcata tortoises were presented at the Teaching Veterinary Hospital Universitas Brawijaya with diagnoses of large bladder stone-blocking pelvic canals that had been causing digestive and urinary tract obstruction. All of the tortoises have similar clinical signs, such as lethargy, anorexia, inability to defecate, and anuria. Physical examinations and radiography revealed the presence of bladder stones in the pelvic canal, exceeding the dimensions of the pelvic outlet and hindering passage through the cloaca. Treatment involved per-cloacal bladder stone removal. This procedure begins by anesthetizing the sulcata tortoise using ketamine and medetomidine combination, followed by fragmentation and extraction of the bladder stones from the pelvic canal through the cloaca. All procedures were performed without utilizing an endoscope. The success of the treatment was evidenced by radiographic examination, confirming the absence of bladder stones in the pelvic canal, and the recovery of normal defecation, urination, appetite, and activity levels.

Case of Metastatic Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor in a Dog: Clinical and Cytological Evaluation

2024-08-06T14:38:55+07:00

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a naturally occurring, transmissible neoplasm primarily affecting the genitalia in dogs. Though generally benign, it can rarely metastasize to other body parts. This report describes a rare case of metastatic TVT in a 2-year-old female Boerboel, presenting with a large, ulcerated vulvar mass and metastases to the popliteal lymph node and mammary glands. Clinical findings included progressive mass growth, emaciation, and systemic symptoms. Hematological tests revealed non-regenerative anemia and elevated white blood cell count, while cytological examination identified neoplastic round cells with high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratios and mitotic figures. The dog was treated with vincristine chemotherapy, metronidazole, vitamin C, and a diet supplemented with crude sap extract of Telfairia occidentalis at 120 mg/kg once daily. Significant tumor regression and clinical improvement were observed after four weeks, although persistent anemia and borderline hypoproteinemia were noted. By the fifth week, the mass had notably reduced, and the dog's condition continued to improve, though some hemorrhage remained. This case highlights the rare occurrence of metastatic TVT and underscores the effectiveness of vincristine in treatment, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and management despite its generally low metastatic rate.

Case Report: Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis in Timber Wolf Crossbreed (Canis lupus) in Bali, Indonesia

2024-07-26T07:56:50+07:00

Pathogenic bacteria from the Anaplasmataceae family cause ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in animals, including dogs and wild carnivores (wolves, foxes, raccoons, and others). These diseases are emerging vector-borne diseases transmitted through ticks. A six-month-old timber wolf crossbreed (Canis lupus) came to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, with a history of weakness, decreased appetite, and excessive salivation. Examination revealed that the timber wolf crossbreed had pale mucosa, lethargy, hypersalivation, normochromic microcytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, gas accumulation in the stomach and intestine, and no foreign bodies in the digestive tract. Rapid test results with the SNAP® 4Dx® Plus Test IDEXX® were positive for Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp.; however, the blood smear examination was negative. The therapy for this case included sodium chloride 0,9% infusion as fluid therapy, atropine sulfate as symptomatic therapy, hematopoietic, multivitamin, iron supplementation as supportive therapy, and doxycycline antibiotic as causative therapy. The wolf showed decreased salivary excretion and ate 4 h after fluid therapy, atropine sulfate, and hematopoietic administration. The wolf improved their condition through increased appetite and became agile after seven days of treatment. The wolf was declared clinically cured after two weeks of doxycycline treatment.

Back Cover

2025-01-07T06:53:35+07:00