Media Kedokteran Hewan

Clinical Signs and Laboratory Markers Compete Favorably with Antigen Detection of Canine Parvovirus-2 in Dogs

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Thirty dogs (< 1 year) which reported to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, State Veterinary Hospital and City Veterinary clinic, Ibadan between October 2023 and February 2024 and had clinical signs of depression, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and fever were tested for canine parvovirus-2 by rapid antigen test and confirmed by PCR. Clinical signs (CS) presumptively diagnosed and CPV positive antigen tested dogs were recruited. A 13.33% infectivity rate was recorded in 4-weekolds and 20% in adult dogs between 7 and 12 months of age contrary to belief of parvoviral enteritis in dogs above 6 weeks. A combination of clinical signs in 28 of 30 dogs, 93.3% (95% CI: 77.9-98.2%, p ≤ 0.9918), were positive for CPV-2, and laboratory markers (LM) including leukopenia seen in 90% of CPV infected and thrombocytopenia observed in 100% of CPV infected dogs (95% CI: 88.4 - 100.0%, p ≤ 1.000) were confirmed positive for CPE, against 100.0% antigen detection (95% CI: 88.4 - 100.0%, p ≤ 1.000) in CPV infected. Therefore, the Clinical Signs and Laboratory Markers (CSLM) method for diagnosing CPE competes favorably with rapid antigen detection of Canine Parvovirus-2. The CSLM method can be explored as an alternate diagnostic tool in resource limited environments.

Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Detection in Escherichia coli in Canary Birds (Serinus canaria) Imported from Malaysia

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The frequency of canary imports continues to increase every year. Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that threatens human and animal health worldwide. Human interaction with birds as pets is a public health concern because it has the potential to increase zoonotic diseases. This study was conducted to identify the antibiotic resistance of E. coli using fecal swab samples of imported canaries from Malaysia. Samples were grown on an EMBA medium for the isolation test, Gram staining test, and IMViC test were performed to continue the identification test -Kirby-Bauer diffusion test - to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Based on morphological culture, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, the sample examination results showed 18% (27/150) were positive for E. coli, 16% (24/150) showed the highest resistance to tetracycline, 15,33% (23/150) amoxicillin, 12,66% (19/150) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 6% (9/150) ciprofloxacin, and 14,66% (22/150) isolates were confirmed MDR because they were resistant to three to four antibiotics. Further efforts are needed to understand and address the factors that lead to antibiotic resistance in the context of animal and public health. Prudent management of antibiotic use and monitoring of antibiotic resistance needs to be improved to maintain animal health and prevent the risk of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.

Cholesterol, HDL, and LDL Content in Quail Egg Yolk with Probiotics and Acidifier Feeding

Andreas Berny Yulianto, Koesnoto Supranianondo, Kartika Purnamasari — Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The higher cholesterol content in quail eggs compared to chicken and duck eggs needs to be taken into account, so there is a need for research focused on this issue. The aim of this study was to prove that the use of probiotics (Pediococcus pentosaceus ABY 118, Lactococcus lactis) and acidifiers in quail can give positive results on reducing cholesterol and LDL and increasing HDL content in egg yolk. Thirty quails were randomized into three treatments with 10 replicates. The treatments studied were: P0 = Control (no probiotic and no acidifier); P1 = Probiotic 20 ml/liter drinking water + Acidifier 5 g/kg feed; P2 = Probiotic 40 ml/liter drinking water + Acidifier 10 g/kg feed. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between cholesterol from the P0 with P1 and P2 treatments. Cholesterol in P1 and P2 was significantly lower than P0. HDL in the P1 and P2 treatments was significantly higher than the P0 treatment. LDL in the P1 and P2 treatments was lower than the P0 treatment. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that the use of probiotics and acidifiers can reduce cholesterol, increase HDL, and reduce LDL.

The Antiproliferative and Spermicide Effects of D-Limonene on Gonadal Function in Male Albino Rats: A Comprehensive Study on Spermatogenesis and Gonadal Morphometry

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the effects of D-Limonene on reproductive health parameters in albino rats, focusing on sperm quality and gonadal morphology. The study involved administering D-Limonene at various doses to assess their impacts on sperm parameters, including motility, viability, and abnormalities, as well as gonadal morphometry. The D-Limonene was applied at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW for 60 days, followed by histopathological analysis of testicular tissues. Results indicated that D-Limonene treatment revealed a dose-dependent decline in sperm quality parameters. Specifically, total motility, progressive motility, and viability decreased, while abnormality rates increased with higher D-Limonene doses. Notably, the highest dose (150 mg/kg BW) led to the most significant reductions in sperm motility and viability. Additionally, the presence of necrotic cells and structural changes in testicular tissues were observed, supporting the adverse impact of D-Limonene on reproductive function. The findings suggest that D-Limonene exhibits potential as an effective spermicide, highlighting its utility in population control applications. The study underscores the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms behind these effects and their implications for reproductive health.

Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Oral Cavity of Homalopsis buccata

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The kadut belang snake (Homalopsis buccata) is a semi-aquatic snake that can be aggressive when threatened. H. buccata is often used as a pet, a source of animal protein, and raw materials for leather crafts because of its relatively large size and unique pattern. The increasing trend of keeping reptiles as pets could increase the potential for transmission of bacteria to humans. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella sp. from H. buccata. This type of research uses the accidental sampling method as the research design. The H. buccata criteria used in this study came from wild catches and were imported during the study period. Isolation was carried out to obtain separate bacterial colonies and identification of bacteria was carried out by Gram staining and biochemical reaction tests. Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Oral Cavity showed that A. hydrophila, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Salmonella sp. with a percentage of 33.3%, 11.1%, 55.5%, and 22.2% in the digestive tract of H. buccata snakes in the Mojokerto City area.

Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Detection in Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Canary Birds (Serinus canaria) Imported from Malaysia

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a top priority for the WHO and the EU Commission, considering it a top 10 threat to global public health. This study provides an overview of the potential spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which exhibits multi-drug resistance (MDR), as a reservoir for the spread of resistance genes in the community. Samples were incubated on an MCA medium for isolation, followed by a Gram stain test and an IMViC test for further identification. The Kirby-Bauer diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Based on the morphological characterization of the cultures, Gram stain results, and biochemical tests, it was found that, of the 150 samples isolated, 12 (8%) were positive for K. pneumoniae; 91.66% (11/12) of the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to amoxicillin, 83.33% (10/12) to tetracycline, 66.66% (8/12) to ciprofloxacin, and 66.66% (8/12) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. As many as 83.33% (10/12) were identified as MDR as they showed resistance to three to four types of antibiotics. Judicious use of antibiotics, including proper selection of antibiotics and monitoring of their usage patterns, is key to maintaining treatment effectiveness. Joint efforts from various parties are needed to optimize the use of antibiotics and minimize the risk of bacterial resistance.

Ameliorative Effects of Borreria Verticillata Aqueous Extract on Adenium obesum Stem Bark Extract-Induced Histopathological Response of The Gill, Intestine, Liver, and Kidney in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The study was carried out to determine the effect of Borreria verticillata aqueous extract on Adenium obesum stem bark aqueous extract induced histopathological responses in the gill, intestine, liver, and kidney of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. The study consisted of ten (10) groups of fifteen (15) fish each. Groups II - V received 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L of the BVAE, respectively. Group VI received 0.838 mg/L of AOAE only (10% of LC₅₀), while groups VII - X received the combinations of the extracts (GII + GVI, GIII + GVI, GIV+GVI, and GV + GVI, respectively). The histopathology observed in Group VI included complete fusion of secondary lamellae and congested blood vessels, hepatic congestion, periportal inflammation, vacuolation, and hyperplasia of bile canaliculi, hypertrophy of the muscular layer and lamina propria and hyperplasia of the goblet cells, congestion of renal blood vessels, tubular degeneration, and swollen glomeruli. The histopathology induced by exposure in GVI in the gills, liver, and kidneys were ameliorated by the administration of Borreria verticillata extract in Clarias gariepinus juveniles in terms of severity which is more in the gill where there is complete club shaped gill in exposed fish compared to the Borreria verticillata extract treated groups.

Prophylaxic study of Combination Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Andrographis paniculata Ness. and Dihidroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) in Malarial Infected Mice

Hanifah Khairun Nisa, Aviatus Solikhah, Hani Plumeriastuti — Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The resistance to some antimalarial drugs has had a major impact on the drug selection for malaria prophylaxis. According to previous research, the combination of Andrographis paniculata and Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) can prevent artemisinin resistance, reduce the adverse effects and is highly effective as an antimalarial. This study aims to determine the malaria prophylactic activity and survival time of the combination of A. paniculata ethyl acetate fraction with DHP on P. berghei infected mice. An in vivo malaria prophylaxis study was conducted based on Peters’ prophylactic test method. The combination of A. paniculata ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 100 mg andrographolide/kg BW was administered twice a day per oral for four days and continued for another day after infection, meanwhile DHP at a dose 1,6 mg/kg BW was administered once a day per oral for three days. These results show that the combination of A. paniculata ethyl acetate fraction with DHP can inhibit 54,35% of the malaria parasite on day 4 and 44,98% on day 5, which was less active than the monotherapy group of A. paniculata ethyl acetate fraction or DHP alone. Also, this combination can increase the survival time of the mice to 6 days.

Macroscopic Features of the Intugementary System of Geriatric Kintamani Dogs

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Observing the health of Kintamani dogs, especially at geriatric age, is important as an effort to preserve their lives. Observations of the integumentary system can provide information related to clinical animal health. This study aims to determine the integumentary condition of Kintamani dogs macroscopically at geriatric age. This study used 5 Kintamani dogs of geriatric age with a healthy clinical condition. The research procedure was carried out by macroscopic observation of hair and skin by inspection and palpation methods. The results showed that the hair of geriatric dog samples experienced changes in color and texture when compared to productive age Kintamani dogs. Observation of skin flexibility showed that the skin flexibility of geriatric dogs was lower when compared to productive-age Kintamani dogs. Observations of the hair strength of Kintamani dogs showed that at the average geriatric age it was difficult to pull out during manual combing with the observer's hand. This observation shows that the integumentary system of geriatric Kintamani dogs is macroscopically not much different from productive-age Kintamani dogs.

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Rosa Kartika Al Jihadi — Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

A Systematic Review on Feline Internal Medicine Articles of Indonesian Veterinary Journals

Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This systematic review assesses the diversity of research approaches and methodologies in feline internal medicine articles published by Indonesian veterinary journals between 2012 and 2024. Content analysis was conducted on 20 veterinary journals from veterinary schools across Indonesia, with 17 journals (85%) featuring a total of 123 articles on feline internal medicine. A notable increase in articles was observed from 2017, peaking in 2023 with 35 articles (28.46%). Quantitative methods were the most commonly used in 48 articles (39.02%), followed by mixed methods in 44 articles (35.77%) and qualitative approaches in 31 articles (25.20%). Case reports were the predominant research design, found in 65 articles (52.85%), followed by cross-sectional studies (21.14%) and surveys (14.63%). Other designs included RCTs, laboratory studies, case-control, reviews, and cohort studies. Data collection techniques primarily involved testing (82.11%), with additional methods like document analysis, observation, and testing combined with interviews. Descriptive analysis was employed in 106 articles (86.18%), followed by Chi-square (5.69%) and t-test (2.44%). Infectious diseases were the focus of 67 articles (54.47%), while 44 articles (35.77%) addressed non-infectious diseases, and 12 articles (9.76%) covered other topics. The findings indicate a growing interest and methodological diversity in feline internal medicine research within Indonesia.

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Rosa Kartika Al Jihadi — Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700