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Rosa Kartika Al Jihadi — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Flies as Potential Vectors from Surabaya Traditional Markets

Puput Ade Wahyuningtyas, Marek Yohana Kurniabudhi, Eko Prasetyo Nugroho — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Flies are insects that act as mechanical vectors in the spread of disease, especially in environments with poor sanitation, such as traditional markets. Surabaya has several traditional markets with relatively poor hygiene, which poses a risk of becoming breeding grounds for flies carrying pathogens. This study aims to identify fly species and detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. This study employed purposive sampling and collected samples at five traditional market locations throughout the city of Surabaya. Morphological identification revealed that Musca domestica (89.78%) was the dominant species, followed by Chrysomya megacephala (9.43%), Chrysomya saffranea (0.3%), Lucilia sp. (0.41%), and Sarcophaga sp. (0.08%). The result of bacterial culture on selective media and PCR confirmation showed the presence of Escherichia coli (100%) in fly samples, while in SSA media, which was continued with biochemical tests, the results did not detect Salmonella (0%) bacteria. These findings confirm that market flies, particularly Musca domestica, can serve as vectors of pathogenic bacteria and have the potential to transmit diseases to humans. Therefore, monitoring and controlling fly populations in traditional markets is necessary as a preventive measure to maintain public health.

The Prevalence of Scopulariopsis sp. and Penicillium sp. in African Pygmy Hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) Skins in a Farm in Bogor District of Indonesia

Satria Tegar Rahmadani, Novericko Ginger Budiono, Nurhidayat — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to detect the prevalence of Scopulariopsis sp. and Penicillium sp. in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) bred at Golden Dhonje Farm, Bogor District. Twenty hedgehogs were sampled to detect the presence of Scopulariopsis sp. and Penicillium sp. The clinical signs in the sampled African pygmy hedgehogs include alopecia, crusty skin, and dermatitis. The presence of the fungus was confirmed by taking skin samples and then culturing them on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology were observed to identify the two fungal genera. Twenty hedgehogs were sampled, and the results showed that eight of them (40%) were infected with Scopulariopsis sp., six (30%) were infected with Penicillium sp., and four (20%) were co-infected with both species. The total prevalence of hedgehogs affected by these fungi is 90%. This study found differences in infection rates of Scopulariopsis sp. and Penicillium sp. among different age groups and sexes. This study is the first to isolate Scopulariopsis sp. and Penicillium sp. from the skins of African pygmy hedgehogs in Indonesia, which are potential zoonotic pathogens. Further research is needed to expand the sample area, identify other types of fungi, and enhance the understanding of fungal diseases in African pygmy hedgehogs, thereby ensuring the safety of these animals in Indonesia.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Chicken Eggs Sold at Bukidnon, Philippine

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from chicken eggs and their antimicrobial resistance was investigated. The study utilized various selective, differential, and biochemical media for the isolation and identification of the organisms. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was then used to assess resistance to four commonly used antimicrobials. Results were interpreted based on reference values set by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. A total of 101 Enterobacteriaceae organisms, including Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Serratia spp., and Shigella spp., were identified from eggshell surfaces and egg contents. In decreasing order of the number of resistant isolates, the bacterial isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. Multidrug resistance patterns were observed, with numerous representative bacterial isolates showing resistance to all antimicrobials. The findings highlight a public health concern and underscore the need for enhanced monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food sources, the judicious use of antimicrobials in poultry layer production, improved hygiene practices in food production and handling, and recommendations for further research to better understand resistance mechanisms.

Identification of Ectoparasites in Sharks at the Paotere Makassar Fish Landing Base

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Sharks are predators in aquatic ecosystems that play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The existence of sharks has become a topic of discussion in fisheries institutions due to the increase in shark hunting activities, especially for consumption. Disease problems in sharks, especially those caused by parasites, can lead to a decline in shark quality and have a negative impact on human health. This study aims to identify ectoparasites found on sharks at the Paotere Makassar Fish Landing Base. The method of this study involves collecting 11 shark samples, including mucus on the surface of the shark skin and organ mucus from the gills, randomly from 5 species of sharks. Parasite examination was carried out in the laboratory by adding a physiological NaCl solution to the sample, which was then placed on a glass slide before identification under a microscope. The results of this study showed the presence of parasites, including Trichodina sp., Chilodonella sp., and Anisakis sp.

The Effect of Kemangi Leaf (Ocimum Basilicum) Extract in The Egg Yolk Skim Milk Diluent on The Plasma Membrane and Motility of Boerawa Goats' Sperm

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of kemangi leaf (Ocimum basilicum) extract in the egg yolk skim milk diluent on the plasma membrane and motility of Boerawa goats' sperm at room temperature. The research used fresh samples of Boerawa goat semen collected by artificial vagina. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design, divided into four treatments with six replications. The treatments were the addition of kemangi leaf extract at the levels of 0% (P0), 1% (P1), 2% (P2), and 3% (P3). Diluted semen was stored at room temperature and observed at hours 0, 1, 2, and 3. Analysis of the data using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), then proceed to the Duncan Test to determine significant differences between treatments. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in sperm plasma membrane, but a significant difference (p < 0.05) in sperm motility was observed when kemangi leaf extract was added. However, the addition of kemangi leaf (Ocimum basilicum) extract tends to provide a better value than without it. The addition of kemangi leaf extract at a concentration of 2% yields the highest results in sperm plasma membrane integrity and sperm motility of Boerawa semen at room temperature.

Prevalence of Feline Scabies at Puskeswan Bangsalsari, Jember During 2021-2023

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Feline Scabies is a highly contagious and zoonotic skin disease. It can be transmitted from animals to humans and from person to person. This research was carried out at Puskeswan Bangsalsari, Jember, East Java. Data were collected regarding the number of patients from 2021 to 2023 and organized monthly by the occurrence of scabies in cats. The prevalence of feline scabies at Puskeswan Bangsalsari, Jember, in 2021 was 31.29%, based on 133 scabies cases out of 425 total patients. In 2022, the prevalence of feline scabies was 33.21%, based on 186 cases out of 560 total patients. In 2023, the prevalence increased to 38.53%, with 210 cases recorded from a total of 545 patients. The cumulative prevalence of feline scabies at Puskeswan Bangsalsari, Jember, from 2021 to 2023, was 34.74%, based on 529 scabies cases out of a total of 1,520 patients. The highest prevalence of feline scabies was observed in August 2023, reaching 56.71%, with 21 cases out of 37 total patients. This may have been caused by high humidity, which could affect cage hygiene and create favorable conditions for Sarcoptes scabiei to complete its life cycle.

Direct Financial Losses and Lived Experiences of Smallholder Pig Farmers in ASF-Affected Areas of Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Following the first reported African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak in Surigao del Sur in 2020, subsequent outbreaks have had a significant impact on smallholder pig farms across the province. This study aimed to estimate the direct financial losses due to ASF and to describe the lived experiences of affected smallholder farmers, specifically their perceptions, livelihood impact, management responses, and emotional distress, one year after the outbreak. A total of 108 smallholder pig farmers from three ASF-affected municipalities were interviewed using validated survey tools. Financial losses were calculated using a deterministic approach with descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method. Results showed that the outbreak affected 819 farms and 29 villages across eight municipalities. Direct financial losses were estimated at USD 39,795.85, averaging USD 736.96 per household. Phenomenological data revealed six themes: ASF knowledge, misconceptions, perceptions of transmission, economic impact, and control efforts. Many farmers also reported emotional distress due to the outbreak. This study provides valuable insights to guide targeted interventions, emphasizing veterinary outreach, biosecurity education, and community support to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability in smallholder pig production systems.

Case Report: Multiple Tick-Borne Diseases and Gastrointestinal Protozoal Infection in a Young Poodle Dog

I Putu Cahyadi Putra, Yeocelin Meida Meida, Ni Wayan Helpina Widyasanti — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Co-infections involving tick-borne diseases (TBD) alongside gastrointestinal protozoans are poorly understood in domestic dogs. This case report examines the occurrence of Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Anaplasma sp. co-infections with Giardia sp. and Amoeba sp. in a three-month-old female poodle. The owner complained that her dog had yellow vomiting and bloody diarrhea, and refused to eat. A physical examination was performed, revealing lethargy, 4% dehydration, bloody diarrhea, mandibular lymphoglandular swelling, and a Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick infestation in the case dog. The parvovirus antigen rapid test kit yielded negative results, whereas the TBD antibody test kit yielded positive results for Anaplasma sp., Babesia sp., and Ehrlichia sp. Infection with Giardia sp. and Amoeba sp. was detected by native stool examination. The dog had lymphocytosis, monocytosis, granulopenia, hyperchromic normocytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The therapy provided was metronidazole and doxycycline combination antibiotics, lactated ringer fluid (RL) therapy, vitamin B complex, Sangobion®, Fufang E'jiao Jiang® (FEJ), ondansetron, vitamin K1, kaolin-pectin, and Hill's Prescription Diet® A/D feed. The therapy showed significant improvement during the 3-day hospitalization, and the dog was declared clinically cured after two weeks of treatment.

Case Report: Therapeutic Management of Anaplasma spp. Infection in A Dog from Fiji Island

Prashanth Yogeswaranthan — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen in dogs and humans that has recently gained attention in parasitology and microbiology study groups worldwide. This infection has been reported in regions worldwide. There are no reported cases of exposure to Anaplasma spp. canine or human patients in the Fiji Islands. This is the first reported case of canine Anaplasma spp. infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia in the Fiji Islands. Canine patients were presented to Pacific Animal Shelter and Hospital (PASH) in the Fiji Islands were screened for Anaplasma spp. antibodies using a commercial kit based on an enzyme-linked immune assay. Anaplasma spp. infection was diagnosed based on major clinical data, hematological findings and positive serology tests. The case was diagnosed as canine Anaplasmosis and was successfully treated with Doxycycline and other supportive treatments.

Surgical Management of Comminuted Distal Femoral Fracture Using Intramedullary Pin in a Cat

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

A 3-year-old male domestic short-haired cat, weighing 3.8 kg, was presented with lameness, swelling in the left hind limb groin area, and pain upon palpation. Radiographic examination confirmed a comminuted fracture in the diaphysis of the left femur. This case report aims to document the diagnostic approach and surgical management using an intramedullary pin technique. Surgical intervention was performed to restore the anatomical alignment of the fracture fragments. The procedure involved open reduction and internal fixation using an intramedullary pin. Post-operative medication included tramadol (1 mg/kg BW) for analgesia, ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg BW) as antibiotic therapy, and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg BW) for anti-inflammatory effects. Femoral fractures account for 20-26% of fractures in cats, with various treatment options available including pins and wires, Rush pins, threaded intramedullary pins, interlocking pins, clamp rod internal fixators, and plate-rod systems. The intramedullary pin technique was selected for this case due to its suitability for comminuted diaphyseal fractures. This case highlights the efficacy of intramedullary pin fixation as a viable treatment option for comminuted femoral fractures in cats when appropriate surgical technique and post-operative care are implemented.

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Rosa Kartika Al Jihadi — Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700