Infeksi Saluran Kemih Sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Ancaman Persalinan Preterm
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Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi kuman penyebab infeksi saluran kemih sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya ancaman persalinan preterm.
Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional cross sectional, dilakukan di Kamar Bersalin dan Poli Hamil RSUD Dr. Soetomo serta di Bagian Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, pada bulan Januari-April 2015. Penghitungan jumlah koloni dan identifikasi kuman dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan kultur urine porsi tengah dan dilanjutkan dengan tes kepekaan antibiotika. Analisa statistik menggunakan uji Chi square untuk jumlah koloni kuman dan bakteriuria, dan uji Fischer exact untuk jenis kuman, menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 20. 0.
Hasil: Sampel terdiri dari 20 wanita hamil dengan ancaman persalinan preterm/partus prematurus iminens (PPI) dan 20 wanita hamil normal tunggal dengan usia kehamilan 28-36 minggu. Perbandingan antara jumlah koloni kuman kedua kelompok secara statistik tidak signifikan, dengan nilai p=0,063 (p>0,05), perbedaan jenis kuman yang ditemukan antara kedua kelompok secara statistik tidak signifikan, dengan nilai p=0,058 (p>0,05).
Simpulan: Pada kehamilan dengan ancaman persalinan preterm 80% didapatkan pertumbuhan kuman Staphylococcus epidermidis (30%) dan Escherichia coli (15%). Jumlah koloni kuman aerob urine pada kehamilan dengan ancaman persalinan preterm lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kehamilan tanpa ancaman persalinan preterm, tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Risiko terjadinya PPI pada wanita hamil dengan jumlah koloni kuman urine >105 cfu/mL 3 kali lebih besar dibanding wanita hamil dengan jumlah koloni <105 cfu/mL. Jenis kuman aeroburine pada kehamilan dengan dan tanpa ancaman persalinan preterm hampir sama.Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD and Romero R. Epidemiology and Causes of Preterm Birth. The Lancet. 2008;371:75-84.
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