Psychological aspects of precocious puberty child during the COVID-19 pandemic
Downloads
HIGHLIGHTS
1. Presents a longitudinal case of a child with Organic Central Precocious Puberty (CPP).
2. Focused on psychological aspect during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To present a longitudinal case of a child with organic Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) that focused on medical, growth and development, and parent's psychological aspect during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Case Report: A 14-month old girl attended with major complaints of breasts enlargement and menstruation. The Tanner's stage was at A1M3P1 and the vagina showed reddish-brown spots. The patient's bone age was advanced (3 years and 6 months). USG examination showed a corpus uterine: cervix ratio of 2:1. GnRH stimulation test showed an elevated of FSH/LH and estradiol. MRI showed an extra-axial dense mass that leads to Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH). The definitive diagnosis of this patient was organic CPP with HH. The patient was managed with GnRH analog. Precocious puberty (PP) becomes a financial and psychosocial burden for parents. The COVID-19 pandemic adds a double burden for the parents.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents with PP children had a good psychological aspect if the child was comprehensively handled with adequate motivation and psychoeducation.
Fuqua JS. Treatment and outcomes of precocious puberty: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2198-207. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1024. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PMID: 23515450.
Berberoğlu M. Precocious puberty and normal variant puberty: definition, etiology, diagnosis and current management. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009;1(4):164-74. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.v1i4.3. Epub 2009 May 2. PMID: 21274291; PMCID: PMC 3005651.
Phillip M, Lazar L. Precocious puberty: growth and genetics. Horm Res. 2005;64 Suppl 2:56-61. doi: 10.1159/000087760. PMID: 16286772.
Stagi S, De Masi S, Bencini E, et al. Increased incidence of precocious and accelerated puberty in females during and after the Italian lockdown for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Ital J Pediatr. 2020;46(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00931-3. PMID: 33148304; PMCID: PMC 7609833.
Chioma L, Bizzarri C, Verzani M, et al. Sedentary lifestyle and precocious puberty in girls during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience. Endocr Connect. 2022;11(2):e210650. doi: 10. 1530/EC-21-0650. PMID: 35029543; PMCID: PMC8859940.
Demaria F, Vicari S. COVID-19 quarantine: Psychological impact and support for children and parents. Ital J Pediatr. 2021;47(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s13052-021-01005-8. PMID: 33750452; PMCID: PMC7941406.
Kim HK, Kee SJ, Seo JY, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for precocious puberty. Korean J Lab Med. 2011;31(4):244-9. doi: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.4.244. Epub 2011 Oct 3. PMID: 22016677; PMCID: PMC3190002.
Shim YS, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Genetic factors in precocious puberty. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4) :172-81. doi: 10.3345/cep.2021.00521. Epub 2021 Oct 18. PMID: 34665958; PMCID: PMC8990949.
Faizi M, Artati RD, Pulungan AB. Diagnosis dan tata laksana pubertas prekoks sentral. Pedoman Praktek Klinik Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://spesialis1. ika.fk.unair.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ PPK-Pubertas-Prekoks-Sentral.pdf
Kotwal N, Yanamandra U, Menon AS, et al. Central precocious puberty due to hypothalamic hamartoma in a six-month-old infant girl. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(4):627-30. doi: 10. 4103/2230-8210.98027. PMID: 22837930; PMCID: PMC3401770.
Manjila S, Vogel TW, Chen Y, et al. Hypothalamic hamartoma simulating a suprasellar arachnoid cyst: resolution of precocious puberty following micro-surgical lesion resection. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;14(1):101-7. doi: 10.3171/2014.4.PEDS 13371. Epub 2014 May 16. PMID: 24835046.
Batubara JR, Bambang Tridjaja AAP, Pulungan AB. Buku ajar endokrinologi anak [Textbook on pediatric endocrinology]. Edisi I. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2010.
Caillet P, Laurent M, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Optimal management of elderly cancer patients: usefulness of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assess-ment. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:1645-60. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S57849. PMID: 25302022; PMCID: PMC4189720.
Hochberg Z. Practical algorithms in pediatric endocrinology. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers; 2007.
Chalumeau M, Chemaitilly W, Trivin C, et al. Central precocious puberty in girls: an evidence-based diagnosis tree to predict central nervous system abnormalities. Pediatrics. 2002;109(1):61-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.109.1.61. PMID: 11773542.
Brown JJ, Warne GL. Growth in precocious puberty. Indian J Pediatr. 2006;73(1):81-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02758267. PMID: 16444068.
García H, Youlton R, Burrows R, et al.; Rama de Endocrinologia Pediatrica de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. Consenso sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la pubertad precoz central [Consen-sus on the diagnosis and treatment of central early puberty]. Rev Med Chil. 2003;131(1):95-110. Spanish. PMID: 12643227.
Ng SM, Kumar Y, Cody D, et al. Cranial MRI scans are indicated in all girls with central precocious puberty. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(5): 414-8; discussion 414-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.5.414. PMID: 12716713; PMCID: PMC1719560.
Léger J, Reynaud R, Czernichow P. Do all girls with apparent idiopathic precocious puberty require gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment? J Pediatr. 2000;137(6):819-25. doi: 10.1067/mpd .2000.109201. PMID: 11113839.
Léger J, Carel JC. Central Precocious Puberty - Management and Long-term Outcomes. Eur Endocrinol. 2015;11(1):45-6. doi: 10.17925/EE .2015.11.01.45. Epub 2015 Apr 11. PMID: 29632569; PMCID: PMC5819064.
Xhrouet-Heinrichs D, Lagrou K, Heinrichs C, et al. Longitudinal study of behavioral and affective patterns in girls with central precocious puberty during long-acting triptorelin therapy. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86(8):808-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08602.x. PMID: 9307158.
Stoppelbein L, Greening L, Moll G, et al. Factor analyses of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 with African-American and Caucasian pediatric populations. J Pediatr Psychol. 2012;37(3):348-57. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr103. Epub 2011 Dec 14. PMID: 22171075.
Mensah FK, Bayer JK, Wake M, et al. Early puberty and childhood social and behavioral adjustment. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53(1):118-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.018. Epub 2013 Apr 1. PMID: 23558038.
Mendle J, Turkheimer E, Emery RE. Detrimental psychological outcomes associated with early pubertal timing in adolescent girls. Dev Rev. 2007;27(2):151-71. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2006.11.001. PMID: 20740062; PMCID: PMC2927128.
Williams VSL, Soliman AM, Barrett AM, et al. Review and evaluation of patient-centered psycho-social assessments for children with central precocious puberty or early puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018;31(5):485-95. doi: 10. 1515/jpem-2017-0465. PMID: 29649000.
Berry JO, Jones WH. The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence. J Soc Pers Relat. 1995;12(3):463-472. doi:10.1177/0265407595123 009.
A L van Tilburg M, Edlynn E, Maddaloni M, et al. High levels of stress due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among parents of children with and without chronic conditions across the USA. Children (Basel). 2020;7(10):193. doi: 10.3390/ children7100193. PMID: 33096787; PMCID: PMC 7589303.
Kaltiala-Heino R, Marttunen M, Rantanen P, et al. Early puberty is associated with mental health problems in middle adolescence. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57(6):1055-64. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02) 00480-x. PMID: 12878105.
Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Copyright of the article is transferred to the journal, by the knowledge of the author, whilst the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
2. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share alike (CC BY-NC-SA), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
3. The articles published in the journal are open access and can be used for non-commercial purposes. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation
The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded ON THIS FORM.