Differences in factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage in developed and developing countries: A systematic review
Downloads
HIGHLIGHTS
- Analysis of maternal and fetal risk factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage, comparing data from both developed and developing countries.
- There are differences in the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage between developed and developing countries.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to assess maternal and fetal risk factors for post-partum hemorrhage in both developed and developing countries.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review methodology was employed, incorporating a descriptive design. The study followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) techniques, the PCC framework, and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Article searches were conducted across four databases: Research Rabbit, Science Direct, Wiley, and PubMed. Articles published in English between 2019 and 2024 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The search terms included combinations of “Postpartum women” OR “Puerperium” AND “Risk factors” OR "Risky conditions” AND “Postpartum hemorrhag*” “Postpartum bleeding” and “Developed countr*” AND “Developing countr*”.
Results: Out of 906 articles, 20 met the inclusion criteria, representing both developed and developing countries. The findings were categorized into two themes: risk factors in developed versus developing countries. In developed countries, PPH risk factors are often linked to medical interventions and prolonged labor management, while in developing countries, the focus shifts to conditions like anemia, uterine overdistension, and trauma from delivery practices. Sociocultural disparities further exacerbate risks in both settings.
Conclusion: The study reveals significant differences in PPH risk factors between developed and developing countries. By reviewing existing research, it identifies factors that can influence PPH occurrence. The findings emphasize the need for developing policies to screen pregnant, maternity, and postpartum women to mitigate PPH risk.
Gustiani R, Kartini F. Factors Affecting Postpartum Haemorrhage On Postpartum Mother. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Dan Aplikasinya. 2023;11(1).
WHO. Maternal Mortality [Internet]. 2024 [Cited 2024 Jul 13]. Available From: Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Maternal-Mortality/?Gad_Source=1&Gclid=Cjwkcajwy8i0bhakeiwadfaegjecjqdm8q1l-9xd1nmh5irqbxxegqwpq9ngz2cvsmfilavsx48dgbococwqavd_Bwe
Kemenkes RI. Turunkan Angka Kematian Ibu Melalui Deteksi Dini Dengan Pemenuhan Usg Di Puskesmas. 2023.
Kemenkes RI. Dana Alokasi Khusus (Dak) Fisik Bidang Kesehatan Dalam Mendukung Target Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu Dan Anak. In Analisis Rkp Dan Pembicaraan Pendahuluan Apbn. 2021;
World Bank. Angka Kematian Ibu Indonesia Ketiga Tertinggi Di Asia Tenggara. 2021.
Abecassis A, Wainstock T, Sheiner E, Miodownik S, Pariente G. Risk Factors For Early Postpartum Hemorrhage. International Journal Of Gynecology And Obstetrics. 2024;
Committee On Practice Bulletins Obstetrics. Practice Bulletin No. 183: Postpartum Hemorrha. The American College Of Obstetricians And Gynecologists [Internet]. 2017;130(2). Available From: Http://Www1.Health.Nsw.Gov.Au/Pds/Activepdsdocuments/
Bienstock Jl, Eke Ac, Hueppchen Na. Postpartum Hemorrhage. Longo Dl, Editor. New England Journal Of Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1635–45. Available From: Http://Www.Nejm.Org/Doi/10.1056/Nejmra1513247
Pollock D, Peters Mdj, Khalil H, Mcinerney P, Alexander L, Tricco Ac, Et Al. Recommendations For The Extraction, Analysis, And Presentation Of Results In Scoping Reviews. Jbi Evid Synth. 2023;21(3):520–32.
Bramer Wm, De Jonge Gb, Rethlefsen Ml, Mast F, Kleijnen J. A Systematic Approach To Searching: An Efficient And Complete Method To Develop Literature Searches. Journal Of The Medical Library Association. 2018 Oct 1;106(4):531–41.
Tricco Ac, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’brien Kk, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Et Al. Prisma Extension For Scoping Reviews (Prisma-Scr): Checklist And Explanation. Vol. 169, Annals Of Internal Medicine. American College Of Physicians; 2018. P. 467–73.
Bazirete O, Nzayirambaho M, Umubyeyi A, Karangwa I, Evans M. Risk Factors For Postpartum Haemorrhage In The Northern Province Of Rwanda: A. Plos One. 2022;17(2):E0263731.
Bernitz S, Betran Ap, Gunnes N, Zhang J, Blix E, Øian P, Et Al. Association Of Oxytocin Augmentation And Duration Of Labour With Postpartum. Midwifery. 123:103705.
Cao X, Luo Y, Zhou S, Zhao Q, Qin X, Liu Z, Et Al. Twin Growth Discordance And Risk Of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:876411.
Fang Zj, Liu Hf, Zhang Yl, Yu L, Yan Jy. Relation Of Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid And Postpartum Hemorrhage: A. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 24(20):10352–8.
Fein A, Wen T, Wright Jd, Goffman D, D’alton Me, Attenello Fj, Et Al. Postpartum Hemorrhage And Risk For Postpartum Readmission. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med [Internet]. 2021;34(2):187–94. Available From: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1601697
Feng J, Zhang X. Analysis Of Perinatal Outcome Of Forceps Delivery And Risk Factors Of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 Dec;
Fukami T, Koga H, Goto M, Ando M, Matsuoka S, Tohyama A, Et Al. Incidence And Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage Among Transvaginal Deliveries At A Tertiary Perinatal Medical Facility In Japan. Plos One. 2019;14(1):E0208873.
Glenzer Mm, Correia M, Nhantumbo V, Barnes Rf, Luis E, Boaventura I, Et Al. Postpartum Hemorrhage In Sub-Saharan Africa—A Prospective Study In Metropolitan Mozambique. Journal Of Thrombosis And Haemostasis. 2023 Dec 1;21(12):3463–76.
Ashwal E, Bergel Bson R, Aviram A, Hadar E, Yogev Y, Hiersch L. Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Cesarean Delivery. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2022;35(18):3626–30.
Linde Le, Rasmussen S, Moster D, Kessler J, Baghestan E, Gissler M, Et Al. Risk Factors And Recurrence Of Cause-Specific Postpartum Hemorrhage: A. Plos One. 2022;17(10):E0275879.
Li S, Gao J, Liu J, Hu J, Chen X, He J, Et Al. Incidence And Risk Factors Of Postpartum Hemorrhage In China: A Multicenter. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:673500.
Liu C Ning, Yu F Bing, Xu Y Zhe, Li J Sheng, Guan Z Hong, Sun M Na, Et Al. Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Bmc Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Dec 1;21(1).
Borovac-Pinheiro A, Ribeiro Fm, Pacagnella Rc. Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage And Its Severe Forms With Blood Loss Evaluated Objectively–A Prospective Cohort Study. Revista Brasileira De Ginecologia E Obstetricia/Rbgo-Gynecology And Obstetrics. 2021;43(02):113–8.
Nur R, Sarina Hs, Patui Ns, Radhiah S, Suwendro Ni, Ariani, Et Al. Postpartum Hemorrhage In Maternal Mothers At Anutapura Public Hospital In Palu. Gac Sanit. 2021;35 Suppl 2:S148–51.
Taylor K, Noel E, Chapple Ag, Buzhardt S, Sutton E. Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage In A Tertiary Hospital In South-Central Louisiana. Journal Of Maternal-Fetal And Neonatal Medicine. 2022;35(25):7353–9.
Shahbazi Sighaldeh S, Nazari A, Maasoumi R, Kazemnejad A, Mazari Z. Prevalence, Related Factors And Maternal Outcomes Of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage In Governmental Hospitals In Kabul-Afghanistan. Bmc Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Jul;20(1):428.
Mitta K, Tsakiridis I, Dagklis T, Grigoriadou R, Mamopoulos A, Athanasiadis A, Et Al. Incidence And Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Case-Control Study In A Tertiary Hospital In Greece. Medicina (Lithuania). 2023 Jun 1;59(6).
Thepampan W, Eungapithum N, Tanasombatkul K, Phinyo P. Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage In A Thai–Myanmar Border Community Hospital: A Nested Case-Control Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4633.
Wan X, Zhao W, Zhao L, Li N, Wen H. Risk Factors For Postpartum Hemorrhage After Elective Cesarean Deliveries For Twin Pregnancies. Ginekol Pol [Internet]. 2023; Available From: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.5603/Gp.A2023.0071
Yang Y, He J, Deng N. Factors Associated With Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage In Elderly Women Undergoing Repeated Cesarean Deliveries. Int J Womens Health. 2021;13:1261–7.
Klemettilä E, Rahkonen L, Nuutila M, Lääperi M, Harve-Rytsälä H. Role Of Oxytocin In Prevention Of Postpartum Hemorrhage In Unplanned Out-Of-Hospital Deliveries Treated By Emergency Medical Services. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 Jul 1;99(7):901–8.
Bernitz S, Betran Ap, Gunnes N, Zhang J, Blix E, Øian P, Et Al. Association Of Oxytocin Augmentation And Duration Of Labour With Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Cohort Study Of Nulliparous Women. Midwifery [Internet]. 2023;123(103705):103705. Available From: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Midw.2023.103705
Chikkamath Sb, Katageri Gm, Mallapur Aa, Vernekar Ss, Somannavar Ms, Piaggio G, Et Al. Duration Of Third Stage Labour And Postpartum Blood Loss: A Secondary Analysis Of The Who Champion Trial Data. Reprod Health. 2021 Dec 1;18(1).
Nyfløt Lt, Stray-Pedersen B, Forsén L, Vangen S. Duration Of Labor And The Risk Of Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Case-Control Study. Plos One. 2017 Apr 1;12(4).
Gill P, Patel A, Van Hook Jw. Uterine Atony [Internet]. Statpearls; 2024 [Cited 2024 Jul 25]. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/Nbk493238/
Sekar H, Joash K. Why Is Ethnicity A Risk Factor For Postpartum Haemorrhage? Vol. 44, Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology. Taylor And Francis Ltd.; 2024.
Guan Cs, Boyer Tm, Darwin Kc, Henshaw C, Michos Ed, Lawson S, Et Al. Racial Disparities In Care Escalation For Postpartum Hemorrhage Requiring Transfusion. Am J Obstet Gynecol Mfm. 2023 Jun 1;5(6).
Wang W, Liao C, Zhang H, Hu Y. Postpartum Haemorrhage Risk Prediction Model Developed By Machine Learning Algorithms: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis Of Clinical Data. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar 1;51(3).
Quezada-Robles A, Quispe-Sarmiento F, Bendezu-Quispe G, Vargas-Fernández R. Fetal Macrosomia And Postpartum Hemorrhage In Latin American And Caribbean Region: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Vol. 45, Revista Brasileira De Ginecologia E Obstetricia. Georg Thieme Verlag; 2022. P. E706–23.
Gong J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y Yun, Pu J Cai, Xiong C Yan, Et Al. Risk-Factor Model For Postpartum Hemorrhage After Cesarean Delivery: A Retrospective Study Based On 3498 Patients. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 1;12(1).
Banu Md, Jikria N, Naim J, Ahmed A, Rabbani M. Comparison Of Risk Factors Of Postpartum Hemorrhage Among Normal Versus Cesarean Delivery Cases At A Secondary Care Center In Naogaon. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Feb 27;13(3):535–9.
Sultana R, Manzoor S, Humayun S. Cite This Article As: Sultana R, Manzoor S, Humayan S. Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage: Risk Factors, Causes And Maternal Outcome. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Pak. 2020;10(1):40–6.
Basir F, Hurin ‘Afina Gnd, Dwi Handayani, Hartati, Hadrians Kesuma Putra. Risk Factors For Uterine Atony In Postpartum Hemorrhage Patients At Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. Bioscientia Medicina?: Journal Of Biomedicine And Translational Research. 2023 Jan 16;6(17):2891–4.
Di Marco G, Bevilacqua E, Passananti E, Neri C, Airoldi C, Maccarrone A, Et Al. Multiple Pregnancy And The Risk Of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Retrospective Analysis In A Tertiary Level Center Of Care. Diagnostics. 2023 Feb 1;13(3).
Bouchè C, Wiesenfeld U, Ronfani L, Simeone R, Bogatti P, Skerk K, Et Al. Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Risk Factor For Postpartum Hemorrhage. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:1671–5.
Gallo Dm, Romero R, Bosco M, Gotsch F, Jaiman S, Jung E, Et Al. Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 May 1;228(5):S1158–78.
Sivasambu Gd, Kempaiah Sb, Thukral U. Risk Factors For Post-Partum Hemorrhage In Patients Who Underwent Operative Vaginal Delivery In A Tertiary Care Center. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Oct 27;10(11):4085.
Liu C, Yu F, Liu Cn, Xu Y, Yu Fb, Li J, Et Al. Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Bmc Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2021; Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/33902475
Omotayo Mo, Abioye Ai, Kuyebi M, Eke Ac. Prenatal Anemia And Postpartum Hemorrhage Risk: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Vol. 47, Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology Research. John Wiley And Sons Inc; 2021. P. 2565–76.
Butwick Aj, Abreo A, Bateman Bt, Lee Hc, El-Sayed Yy, Stephansson O, Et Al. Effect Of Maternal Body Mass Index On Postpartum Hemorrhage. In: Anesthesiology. Lippincott Williams And Wilkins; 2018. P. 774–83.
Polic A, Curry Tl, Louis Jm. The Impact Of Obesity On The Management And Outcomes Of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Am J Perinatol. 2022 Apr 1;39(6):652–7.
Shao H, Gao S, Dai D, Zhao X, Hua Y, Yu H. The Association Of Antenatal D-Dimer And Fibrinogen With Postpartum Hemorrhage And Intrauterine Growth Restriction In Preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Dec 1;21(1).
Nur Hidayati S, Retno Budihastuti U, Widyaningsih V. Path Analysis On Determinants Of Postpartum Bleeding At Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Central Java. Journal Of Maternal And Child Health [Internet]. 2019;4(6):35–47. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.26911/Thejmch.2019.04.06.04
Dai J, Shi Y, Wu Y, Guo L, Lu D, Chen Y, Et Al. The Interaction Between Age And Parity On Adverse Pregnancy And Neonatal Outcomes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10.
Wang L, Pan Jy. Predictive Model For Postpartum Hemorrhage Requiring Hysterectomy In A Minority Ethnic Region. World J Clin Cases [Internet]. 2024 Aug 6;12(22):4865–72. Available From: Https://Www.Wjgnet.Com/2307-8960/Full/V12/I22/4865.Htm
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Copyright of the article is transferred to the journal, by the knowledge of the author, whilst the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
2. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share alike (CC BY-NC-SA), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
3. The articles published in the journal are open access and can be used for non-commercial purposes. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation
The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded ON THIS FORM.
