MOZAIK HUMANIORA

History and Experience of Central Sulawesi Communities Facing the Influenza Pandemic 1918—1920

2022-06-24T07:54:37+00:00

This study aims not only to explain the handling efforts, but also to analyze the experiences and collective memories of the people of Central Sulawesi when they faced influenza pandemic in 1918—1920. A century ago, before the Covid-19 pandemic broke out in 2020, an influenza pandemic had plagued the people of Central Sulawesi. Unfortunately, there was very little literature describing these cases. Hence, historical method is used together with certain sources, such as books, journal articles, newspapers, archives, and interviews related with the issue. The results then show that the influenza pandemic in Central Sulawesi began in late 1918 and lasted until the early 1920s. The colonial government at that time tended to be late in dealing with this pandemic. As a result, treatment efforts at the local level were mostly driven by missionaries and colonial officers who had been equipped with the knowledge of modern medicine for tropical diseases. In addition, certain tactics were carried out by several local communities including migration, self-quarantine, and prevention efforts by implementing a hygiene lifestyle and providing food barns to prevent famine during a pandemic. In conclusion, efforts to deal with the influenza pandemic in Central Sulawesi were very limited due to the lack of health facilities and the number of medical personnel, so it was not sufficient to overcome the disease and its spread. However, people's experiences with influenza at that time were stored quite well in their collective memory. Therefore, some of these experiences related to local knowledge can be used as lessons to deal with the current Covid-19 pandemic.

The Phenomenon of Mimicry and Collective Memory in Dutch East Indies Soldier Batik Motifs

2022-06-24T10:36:25+00:00

Batik motifs are a medium for perpetuating collective memory based on the creator’s point of view of social, cultural, and political conditions of the time. There are differences in meaning and ideology in batik motifs made during colonial and post-colonial era. Using the theory of collective memory and postcolonial mimicry, we want to reveal the differences in meaning and ideology between batik made during the colonial era and after independence. The method in this study is descriptive analysis, using a purposive sample of batik motifs of Dutch East Indies soldiers made by Indo-European, Indo-Arab, Chinese Peranakan, and Bumiputera entrepreneurs. The results show that the Javanese and Lombok War Batiks made during the colonial era are a medium to documentthe collective memory of the colonial community with the ideology that the Dutch East Indies soldiers were brave and great protagonists. Batik Kompeni, contrastingly, is a documentation of the collective memory of the colonized people with the ideology that the Dutch East Indies soldiers were the cruel antagonists. The findings reveal that batik is a medium of collective memory; its creation is closely related to the ideology of the batik creator.

The Changes of Settlement Types in the Kajang Area: from Segmentary Society to Chiefdoms

2022-06-24T08:57:24+00:00

This study aims to reveal the current type of community in Kajang area based on social structure, politics, economy, technology, as well as ideology. Kajang area is a traditional region located on the hill sides of Bone Bay Sea shore in the District of Kajang, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi Province. To pursue the aim of this study, descriptive qualitative method is used. The results show that historically, in order to overcome the limitations of facilities and infra structure, communities in Kajang reached other regions either by land or water. Thus, there are various artifacts from megalithic and Islamic cultures indicating the existence of local cultural syncretism with the culture from other regions. All of the artifacts found in Kajang area are bound in a functional fabric, which is limited by the level of supporting human activities, namely community protection activities, religious and ceremonial activities, as well as
household activities. Besides, relics found also indicate that there was a cultural shift in Kajang region, from agrarian culture to maritime one. Thus, the current type of community in Kajang area can be considered to be shifted from segmentary society to chiefdom. Nevertheless, this does not mean that with the emergence of chiefdoms, the segmentary society has simply disappeared.

Reading Spatial Governmentality, Understanding Mentality of Violence in Lampuki, Puya ke Puya, and Dawuk

2022-06-27T03:37:07+00:00

Post-Reform Indonesian novels such as Lampuki by Arafat Nur, Dari Puya ke Puya by Faisal Oddang, and Dawuk by Mahfud Ikhwan critically question the problem of governmentality, inviting us to ponder upon how works of literature formulate a social change in terms of state crisis, economic uncertainty, and other instabilities. The theme of spatial governmentality in the form of conflicts due to land appropriation/acquisition and land use, shows the dynamic of power, spread to various state and non-state actors with diverse interests. This paper analyzes how spatial governmentality embodies itself in the narrative structure of the three novels in order to eventually scrutinize how power implicates structural violence. The discourse on governmentality frequently uses benign jargon such as progress, development, modernity; while in fact it is a process full of structural violence, often involving the deprivation of marginalized people’s land and livelihood. The change in spatial form, followed by economic and social transformation, enables those in power to dominate the circle of production and deprive the right to live through the limitation/closing of access to modality, i.e. the land as source of livelihood.

Language and Style of Communication of Samin Community in Kudus, Central Java

2022-06-24T07:19:40+00:00

This study aims to find out the style of language and communication used by the Samin Karangrowo community with their fellows and others outside the community. The Samin community, located in Karangrowo Village, Undaan District, Kudus Regency, is assumed to have unique style of language and communication due to their different attitude, behavior, and social conditions compared to others in Kudus Regency. Qualitative method with ethnographic approach is used in this study. This study then reveals that Samin Javanese language is mostly used in the Samin Karangrowo community. This study also finds out that Jawa ngoko and krama inggil are mostly used by the Samin people to communicate with others outside their community. Besides, the results of this study indicate that equalitarian style is frequently used by the Samin Karangrowo community as their communication style with their fellows since it is considered to be very effective for them in making decisions wisely as well as in solving their problems. However, in communicating with others outside the community, they mostly use controlling style as their communication style to protect the customs and culture of the Samin community from outside cultures. Finally, it can be concluded that the Samin community is strongly upholding the teachings of Sedulur Sikep in their communication strategy.

Translation Techniques of Islamic Terminology in CM Hizboel Wathony’s Musibah adalah Anugerah (A Blessing in Disguise)

2022-06-08T09:13:11+00:00

This study aims to identify translation techniques used in translating Islamic and tawheed terminology in the book entitled Musibah adalah Anugerah (A Blessing in Disguise) by Syech Maulana Hizboel Wathony Ibrahim. This study is an annotated translation from L1 to L2. Annotated translation is a translation supported by annotations or the translator’s commentary on the chosen equivalents. To pursue the aim of this study, qualitative method is used together with library research design. This study then finds out that the translation of Islamic and tawheed terminology presents an array of translation problems. One of the problems is that there is no direct equivalent properly conveying the meaning stated in the ST (source text). For that reason, substantial schematic knowledge is required in order to fully grasp the ST and to choose the most accurate equivalent. In addition, a thorough understanding in regard to translation technique is also vital in order to select an accurate equivalent properly. Some techniques often used are transposition, modulation, generalization, couplet, and triplet. However, modulation translation technique is mostly used in translating Islamic and tawheed terminology in the book entitled Musibah adalah Anugerah (A Blessing in Disguise).

Literacy Learning Model Based on Surabaya’s Local Identities in Community-Based Libraries of Surabaya

2022-06-24T10:44:18+00:00

This study investigates the ways bottom-up learning, specifically discovery and project-based learning, in strengthening local wisdom and identities among the youths in Surabaya. The local identities of Surabaya are generally associated with being egalitarian, urban, and multicultural. Despite the strong association of Surabaya with the bravery of Surabaya youths in the 1945 war against the Allied troops (semangat arek Suroboyo), young people of Surabaya nowadays do not internalize the spirit strongly. Our preliminary observation suggests the fact, and this can be seen from their writings before joining the writing class that we conducted. In coordination with the Public Library of Surabaya (Municipal Library and Archive of Surabaya) and community-based libraries in Surabaya, this experimental research was conducted to gain insights on the extent to which discovery and project-based learning can stimulate junior high school students to be more aware of their locally rooted identities. The study shows that the application of the student-centered learning methods can contribute significantly to the internalization and representation of Surabaya identities reflected in the students’ writings.

The Function and Meaning of Megalithic Cultural Heritage in Some Sites in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi

2022-06-24T09:54:40+00:00

The Bantaeng megalithic site houses megalithic cultural relics, such as terraces (teras berundak), dakon, lumpang batu, menhir, dolmen, stone altars, circular stone (batu temu gelang), tombs, and fences, including fragments of pottery and foreign ceramics on the surface of the site. In addition, residents on the site also preserves and performs traditional megalithic rituals. This study aims to find out the functions and meanings of these megalithic cultural relics using surveys, inventory studies, and interviews to the local community. The results indicate that the megalithic culture functions both as a sacred medium of ritual, and a secular instrument of daily life. Furthermore, some of the elements of megalithic culture have symbolic meaning which are related to social status, cosmic symbols, agriculture, astrology, and religious symbols.

Students’ Perceptions of Innovative Learning Media as a Support System for Inclusive Education

2022-06-24T08:33:02+00:00

All students, without exception, are expected to have an equal opportunity of acquiring higher education. Many universities in Indonesia including Universitas Airlangga accept students with disabilities. However, the availability and use of learning materials for these students are scarce. The study aimed to understand the students' perceptions on this issue, particularly for students with visual and hearing impairments. The study includes 80 participants consisting of regular students and students with special needs in Universitas Airlangga. The study used a questionnaire to collect students’ perspective on learning media provided by Universitas Airlangga. The findings of the study revealed how the majority of students at Universitas Airlangga considered learning materials and media available cannot be used to its full potential by students with special needs. Moreover, the policies have not been adjusted to the needs of students with special needs. Moreover, students expected support system to help the learning process of students with special needs. Lastly, the participants’ responds on the questionnaire show positive opinions on the initiative and calls for the need to scale up and improve the support system.