Notaire

Perbandingan Pembayaran Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan/atau Bangunan pada saat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli dan Akta Jual Beli Ditinjau dari Asas Certainty dan Asas Convenience of Payment (Studi Kasus di Kota Denpasar dan Kabupaten Tabanan)

Anak Agung Alit Mas Surya Mahadewi — 2025-10-31

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan pembayaran BPHTB di Kota Denpasar dan Kabupaten Tabanan serta untuk mengetahui perbandingan pembayaran Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan/atau Bangunan pada saat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli dan Akta Jual Beli di Kota Denpasar dan Kabupaten Tabanan jika ditinjau dari Asas Certainty dan Asas Convenience of Payment.

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian normatif empiris yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan narasumber dan juga kuisioner untuk responden, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari hasil penelusuran kepustakaan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang digunakan untuk menganalisa data yang diperoleh secara deskriptif analitis sehingga dapat mengungkapkan dan memahami kebenaran aturan hukum.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembayaran BPHTB di Kabupaten Tabanan dilaksanakan pada saat sebelum penandatanganan AJB baik itu PPJB lunas maupun belum lunas, sedangkan pembayaran BPHTB di Kota Denpasar dilaksanakan pada saat sebelum penandatanganan AJB untuk PPJB belum lunas/bertahap dan khusus untuk PPJB lunas dilaksanakan pada saat sebelum penandatanganan PPJB. Pelaksanaan pembayaran BPHTB sebagaimana yang diimplementasikan Kabupaten Tabanan lebih mencerminkan Asas Certainty dan Asas Convenience of Payment dibandingkan dengan pelaksanaan pembayaran BPHTB di Kota Denpasar.

Kepastian Hukum Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan Yang Dibuat Notaris

Bhim Prakoso — 2025-10-31

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang penerbitan SKMHT oleh Notaris, yang ditolak oleh Kantor Pertanahan karena ketidaksesuaian struktur format yang ditetapkan Kementerian ATR/BPN. Penerbitan SKMHT diatur di Pasal 15 ayat (1) UUHT, terdapat norma mewajibkan dengan akta Notaris/PPAT. Akta Notaris sebagai otentik karena proses dan formatnya dibuat sebagaimana amanat UUJN. Kementerian ATR/BPN telah menetapkan pedoman bagi PPAT dalam penerbitan SKMHT, sebagaimana strukturnya ditentukan di Perkaban 8/2012. Jika SKMHT tidak memenuhi bentuk dan format, Kepala Kantor Pertanahan wajib menolak pendaftarannya. Ada ketidakpastian hukum bagi kreditur dan debitur. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis normatif, ada tiga pendekatan hukum: pendekatan undang-undang, konseptual, serta komparatif. Bahan hukum yang dipakai adalah kepustakaan. Penelitian bertujuan memperjelas kerangka regulasi dalam penyusunan SKMHT oleh Notaris dan PPAT, serta kepastian untuk didaftarkan di Kantor Pertanahan.

Analisis Kebijakan Redtribusi Tanah Dalam Menanggulangi Ketimpangan Sosial Ekonomi di Pedesaan

Brian Novanto — 2025-10-31

Ketimpangan sosial ekonomi di pedesaan merupakan permasalahan yang kompleks dan berakar pada ketidakadilan dalam kepemilikan serta distribusi tanah. Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah melalui kebijakan redistribusi tanah. Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan redistribusi tanah dalam menanggulangi ketimpangan sosial ekonomi di pedesaan, dengan menyoroti aspek regulasi, implementasi, serta dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan serta studi empiris di beberapa wilayah pedesaan yang telah menerapkan program redistribusi tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan redistribusi tanah dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap sumber daya ekonomi, pengurangan kemiskinan, serta peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat kecil terutama petani. Namun, tantangan masih ditemukan dalam aspek administratif, keberlanjutan program, serta konflik agraria yang dapat menghambat efektivitas kebijakan ini. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformasi kebijakan yang lebih terarah serta penguatan mekanisme pengawasan guna memastikan redistribusi tanah benar-benar berdampak positif bagi masyarakat pedesaan.

Legal Protection for Holders of Ownership Right Certificates Against Non-Procedural Land Execution

Laksmana Alluvian — 2025-10-31

Land disputes frequently arise due to population growth and increasing land demands, where non-procedural land executions can harm holders of Certificate of Ownership (SHM). Although land certificates serve as strong proof of ownership under Article 19 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and Article 32 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997, legal certainty for landowners remains incomplete. This study aims to analyze the legal protection for SHM holders facing non-procedural land executions. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, examining relevant laws and legal doctrines. The findings indicate that SHM holds strong evidentiary power as long as its physical and juridical data align with land survey documents and land registers. However, land executions must follow proper procedures, starting with an execution request and a court warning, while adhering to principles of legal certainty and justice. SHM holders subjected to non-procedural executions can file an objection to the execution or a lawsuit for Unlawful Acts (PMH) under Article 1365 of the Civil Code. Case, such as the forced eviction in Tambun (2025), highlight the importance of proper legal procedures. In conclusion, while SHM provides legal protection, measures such as execution objections and PMH lawsuits are necessary to safeguard landowners' rights. This study emphasizes the need for compliance with execution procedures and the protection of certificate holders to ensure legal certainty.

Disharmoni Regulasi Agraria dan Kelautan sebagai Penghambat Kepastian Hukum HGB di Wilayah Pesisir Laut: Tinjauan Normatif di Indonesia

Masda Agatha Sari — 2025-10-31

This study aims to analyze the disharmony between agrarian law and maritime law in the context of granting Building Rights Title (Hak Guna Bangunan or HGB) in coastal areas, as well as its implications for legal certainty, coastal communities, and the state. The research employs a normative legal method using both statute and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials consist of relevant legislation, such as the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and the Coastal and Small Islands Management Law (UU PWP3K), along with Constitutional Court decisions. Secondary legal materials, including academic literature, journal articles, and legal doctrines, are also examined.

The findings reveal a fundamental inconsistency between agrarian law, which allows the granting of HGB over state land including coastal zones, and maritime law, which prohibits privatization of coastal waters to safeguard public interest and ecological sustainability. This regulatory disharmony generates legal uncertainty for HGB holders, risks of marginalization for coastal communities, and a legal-political dilemma for the state in balancing investment certainty with environmental protection. Therefore, this research recommends the establishment of a more comprehensive harmonization framework between agrarian and maritime regulations to ensure legal certainty, social justice, and environmental sustainability in coastal areas.

Notaris sebagai Penerima Tanggung Jawab atas Draft Akta yang Dihasilkan oleh Kecerdasan Buatan (AI)

Meita Debi Riyanti — 2025-10-31

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has introduced significant innovations in the legal field, including notarial practice. One of its applications is the automatic drafting of contracts or deeds through AI systems. While this technology offers efficiency and accuracy, it simultaneously raises new legal issues, particularly concerning the notary’s liability as a public official authorized to draw up authentic deeds. The objective of this study is to analyze the legal status of AI-generated drafts within notarial practice and to examine the extent of notarial responsibility for deeds prepared based on such drafts.

This research applies a normative juridical method, employing statutory, doctrinal, and legal principle approaches. Primary legal sources consist of the Indonesian Notary Law (UU Jabatan Notaris/UUJN), while secondary materials are drawn from scholarly works on notarial law and legal technology studies.

The findings indicate that AI, as a mere tool, does not possess legal authority to create deeds, and therefore cannot diminish the notary’s responsibility. The notary remains fully accountable for the validity, substance, and evidentiary strength of authentic deeds, regardless of whether the draft originates from AI. This conclusion aligns with the principles of personal liability, the duty of prudence, and professional responsibility inherent in the notarial office. Consequently, adaptive regulation—either through amendments to the Notary Law or professional guidelines—is urgently required to ensure legal certainty while accommodating technological advancement.

Pertimbangan Hakim Menetapkan Asal Muasal Hibah Wasiat Terhadap Salah Satu Ahli Waris Adat Batak Toba

Mylanta Ambarita — 2025-10-31

This study examines an inheritance dispute among siblings in the Toba Batak indigenous community who have long settled in Jakarta (new local). The case proceeded through all judicial levels in Indonesia, from the District Court to the Judicial Review. The research analyzes judges’ legal considerations in determining the origin and validity of a testamentary gift granted to one heir, viewed from the perspectives of the Civil Code and Toba Batak customary law. Employing a descriptive normative legal method, this study relies mainly on secondary legal materials, supported by interviews with civil judges, and analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal divergent judicial interpretations. The District and High Courts emphasized formal aspects by validating Deed of Gift of Will No. 3/2005 as an authentic notarial deed. In contrast, the Supreme Court and Judicial Review prioritized material aspects, upholding substantive justice and protecting heirs’ legitime portie. Consequently, the testator’s freedom is limited to ensure fairness and the protection of heirs’ rights. The Judicial Review, which annulled eleven such deeds, affirms that the validity of testamentary gifts must be assessed both formally and substantively, consistent with the Civil Code and Toba Batak customary law principles.

Status Hukum PPJB Berupa Tanah Belum Dipecah yang Dijaminkan Serta Penyelesaiannya Untuk Melindungi Pembeli Dalam Perkara Kepailitan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 395 K/PDT.SUS-PAILIT/2024)

Prilly Priscilia Sahetapy — 2025-10-31

This study aims to determine and analyze the legal status of PPJB objects in the form of land that has not been divided in bankruptcy cases according to Indonesian law (Study of Commercial Court Decision Number 28 / Pdt.Sus-Other Claims / PN Niaga Jkt.Pst jo. Supreme Court Decision Number 395 K / Pdt.Sus-Pailit / 2024) and to determine and analyze the settlement of PPJB objects after the Supreme Court Decision Number 395 K / Pdt. Sus-Pailit / 2024 to protect the rights of buyers in bankruptcy cases. This research is descriptive and normative. The main data is secondary data obtained based on library research on laws and regulations, supported by interviews with informants. The method of collecting research data is a documentary study with research tools in the form of written materials and direct communication with research tools in the form of interview guidelines. Then, the research data are analyzed qualitatively and concluded using the deductive method. The results of the study are that the legal status of the PPJB object in the form of land that has not been divided and has been pledged in a bankruptcy case according to Indonesian law is valid because the PPJB is a preliminary agreement when there are obligations that have not been fulfilled to make an AJB, such as dividing the land. The District Court Decision stated that the PPJB object was not listed in the developer's bankruptcy estate list, so it did not consider the PPJB, while the Supreme Court Decision stated that the PPJB was valid because the buyers had acted in good faith. Then, the settlement of the PPJB object after the Supreme Court Decision to protect the buyer's rights in the bankruptcy case was carried out by removing the land and housing units that were the object of the case from the bankruptcy estate list. The next stage is the debtor's debt repayment, partial repayment application, division of building rights title, making AJB, changing names, requesting changes in building use rights to ownership rights, and issuing ownership rights certificates in the names of the buyers.

Keywords: Sales and Purchase Agreement, the division of building rights title, settlement of the verdict

Front Matter Volume 8 No. 3, Oktober 2025

Front Matter — 2025-10-31

Front Matter Volume 8 No. 3, Oktober 2025