Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction

Calf morbidity and mortality rates Associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in Kembata Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia

2024-06-05T13:23:04+07:00

A study was carried out in the Kembata Tembaro Zone of Southern Ethiopia, focusing on both prospective cohort and cross-sectional surveys. The objective was to measure the rates of calf sickness and death and to pinpoint the factors that contribute to these conditions. Over 180 days, 140 newborn calves from selected small-scale dairy farms were studied. The study evaluated the prevalence of illness, mortality, and specific diseases by calculating incidence rates. Results indicated a 41.7% risk of illness and a 9.5% mortality rate among calves. Factors such as the calf's condition at birth, birth location/environment, the surface on which the calf was born, timing of the first colostrum intake, maternal parity, calf breed, and the breeding service technique significantly influenced mortality rates. Similarly, these factors were also significantly linked to the crude morbidity rate. Calves born naturally were at a lower risk of sickness (HR=0.6, p=0.001) compared to those assisted. Calves born indoors had a lower risk of sickness (HR=0.9, p=0.008) than those born outdoors. Calves that received colostrum within six hours of birth had a lower risk of sickness (HR=0.6, p=0.009) than those that received it later. Additionally, the study found that the floor of the birth place, the mother's parity, the breed of the calf, and the technique of the breeding service were additional risk factors for calf sickness. The time of the first colostrum intake, the mother's parity, and the calf's birth condition were also significant risk factors for calf death.

Effect of methanol extract of cloves (Syzigium aromaticum) on Protein Gene Product 9.5 in the testes of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with induced cryptorchidism

2024-07-26T01:14:21+07:00

This study aimed to know the effect of cloves (Syzigium aromaticum) methanol extracts as an antioxidant on the germ cells of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with induced cryptorchidism. The subjects of this study were 24 male white rats aged 21 days, who were divided into six groups. Rats were adapted for 5 days, after which cryptorchidism were induced. Cloves extract was given for 18 days and 36 days. On day-19 and day-37, rats were sacrificed and testicles were taken for Protein Gene Product (PGP) 9.5 detection by immunohistochemistry. These groups consisted of negative control group (given distilled water and sham surgery), positive control group (induction of cryptorchidism and given distilled water), and T treatment group (induction of cryptorchidism and given 70mg/kg bw cloves extract. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference (p <0.05). The differences between treatments were shown based on the outcome of the Mann-Whitney test. Cloves acted as an antioxidant for cryptorchid testicular germ cells. It could be concluded that administering methanol extract of clove flowers could ameliorate the expression of PGP 9.5 in the testicular germ cells of white rats in a model of unilateral cryptorchidism.

Effect of PG-600 dose in cows with persistent corpus luteum treated with PGF2α and hCG

2024-08-15T16:57:25+07:00

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administering a dose of gonadotropin (PG-600) in cows with persistent corpus luteum (PCL) which were treated with prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This study used 20, three-year-old cows diagnosed with PCL, had recently given birth, and were not pregnant. Cows were randomly allocated into groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Cows in all groups were injected with PGF2α (25 mg/cow). Simultaneously, cows in groups T1, T2 and T3 were also injected with PG-600 at doses of 100, 150 and 200 IU/cow respectively. PGF2α and PG-600 were injected when PCL was identified. After that, cows showing signs of estrus were injected with hCG (100 IU/cow) and artificially inseminated 12-18 hours after the appearance of signs of estrus. AI was conducted using frozen thawed semen. Sixty days following AI, a pregnancy examination was conducted using USG. Estrus was detected in all treated cows, while the pregnancy rates varied. Compared with other groups, the groups given 100 and 150 IU PG-600 produced higher pregnancy rates. It could be concluded that the combination of 25 mg PGF2α, 150 IU PG-600, and 100 IU hCG was the most effective treatment to produce high pregnancy rates in cows with persistent corpus luteum.

Coconut water combined with purebred chicken egg yolk as an alternative semen extender for Madura Pote bucks semen preservation

2024-08-15T16:35:55+07:00

One of the many efforts to increase the quality of livestock genetics is through artificial insemination (AI). Other than increasing it, AI can be conducted to preserve semen. A successful AI is determined by seminal quality, therefore, a method to preserve semen for a longer storage time is needed. The method used is adding an extender that fulfills prerequisites for a semen extender such as coconut water combined with egg yolk citrate extender. Coconut water is rich in carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and antioxidants while egg yolk contains lecithin. This study aims to find out the Pote buck spermatozoa quality stored in coconut water and egg yolk extender. This study uses three groups of treatments (T0: 0.1 ml semen + 0.9 ml egg yolk citrate, T1: 0.1 ml semen + 0.9 ml coconut water, and T2: 0.1 ml semen + egg yolk citrate (20%) + coconut water). All three of these are stored at 5^oC and evaluated every day until day 5 of their motility, viability, intact plasma membrane, abnormality, and MDA level. Data analysis used is ANOVA and a further test called BNT is conducted if a significant difference is determined. No significant difference was found between T0 and T1 (p>0.05). The highest progressive motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane (%) among the three groups of treatments happened to be from T2. Meanwhile, a low percentage of spermatozoa abnormality and MDA level were also found in T2 with its extender being coconut water combined with egg yolk citrate. To conclude, the best extender for storing Pote buck semen is stored at 5^oC is coconut water combined with egg yolk citrate extender.

Sex difference, growth pattern, and cephalic index of Turi ducks at different ages based on head morphometry

2024-08-15T17:15:41+07:00

This study aims to determine the morphometric differences in the head of male and female Turi ducks. Ten male and ten female day-old ducks (DOD) were randomly selected by a lottery system from the population, raised, and had their head morphology measured using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm on the first day, and at the age of 2, 4, 6, and 8weeks. The result showed that male Turi duck had wider (p <0.05) head at the ages of 1 day, 2 and 6 weeks, head length and head height at the ages of 1 day, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, rostrum width at the ages of 1 day, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and rostrum length at the age of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. There were no significant differences (p >0.05) in the head width at the ages of 4 and 8 weeks, rostrum width at 2 weeks, and rostrum length at 1day old male and female Turi ducks. Morphometric growth pattern showed that older Turi ducks (at a range of 1 day to 8 weeks) had larger (p <0.05) head morphometry. However, the cephalic index in male and female Turi ducks was not significantly different (p > 0.05) at all ages. It could be concluded that in general head morphometry was useful for determining male and female Turi ducks at the ages of 1 day, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks

Risk factors of pyometra in cat at several clinics in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia

2024-08-15T17:02:55+07:00

Pyometra is a reproductive disease that most often affects cats which is caused by bacterial infection of the uterus. This study aims to determine the risk factors that could influence the occurrence of pyometra in cats. The study was conducted at the Four Leg Pet Care, Asa Animal Clinic, and K-5 Animal Care in Kediri regency in December 2021 to February 2022. This retrospective cohort study took secondary data for the period 2020 to 2021 as research material and found 35 cats diagnosed with pyometra. The odds ratio was calculated to analyze the associations to some factors including age, body weight, use of hormonal contraception, frequency of administration of hormonal contraception, hormonal contraceptive drugs used, dose of hormonal contraception given. Analysis of the relationship between risk factors for pyometra showed that the factors age, use of hormonal contraception, and frequency of giving hormonal contraceptives each have p values of 2.17, 2.13, and 2.13, respectively. It could be concluded that age, use of hormonal contraception, and frequency of administration of hormonal contraception influenced or had an association with the risk of pyometra in cats.

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract enhanced spermatozoa motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to e-cigarette smoke

2024-08-15T17:20:27+07:00

This study investigates the impact of mulberry leaf extract on the viability, plasma membrane integrity, and motility of spermatozoa from male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to e-cigarette smoke. A total of twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: negative control (NC), positive control (PC), T1, T2, and T3. All groups, except for the NC group, were exposed to e-cigarette smoke. Rats in the T1, T2, and T3 groups received mulberry leaf extract in doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw, respectively, while the NC and PC groups were given a placebo of 1% Na-CMC. Both the mulberry leaf extract and the placebo were administered daily, beginning three days prior to the start of e-cigarette smoke exposure, which lasted for 28 days. Results showed that spermatozoa motility, plasma membrane integrity, and viability in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the NC group (p <0.05). Conversely, rats in the T1, T2, and T3 groups that received mulberry leaf extract demonstrated significantly greater spermatozoa viability, plasma membrane integrity, and motility compared to the PC group (p <0.05). The T3 group exhibited the most pronounced improvements, with significantly enhanced spermatozoa viability, membrane integrity, and motility (p <0.05) relative to the PC group. These results indicate that mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract enhanced spermatozoa viability, plasma membrane integrity, and motility in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) subjected to e-cigarette smoke.