Experiences of Stutterer Nurses in the Provision of Nursing Care in Pakistan
Downloads
Introduction: "Stuttering” is a speaking disorder where the flow of speech is blocked by an involuntary audible or inaudible pause, repetition and prolongation, causing; anxiety, depression, and embarrassment for a person. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of a stutterer nurses caring for the patients at clinical site.
Method: Qualitative descriptive phenomenology design was used to recruit Nine Stutter Nurses (6 males, 3 Female) through Purposive sampling technique. Individual, face to face, semi structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Three major themes and associated sub-theme emerged from the analysis of the participants' narratives. The first theme compromise triggers of stuttering, with stress being the prominent one, the second theme compromises the impact and effect of stuttering in nursing, sub-associated with impact on self-esteem which is predominantly negative; impact on clinical care, which is of minimal impact; effect on relationships with colleagues that have no affect; and effect on relationships with patients that exert effect. The third theme compromise of management strategies by stutter nurses, sub-associated with techniques to overcome stuttering at clinical site.
Conclusions: Stuttering does not necessarily impact a nurse's ability to provide compassionate and competent care. By using strategies to manage stuttering and seeking support from colleagues and supervisors, a nurse who stutters can effectively communicate with patients and excel in their clinical practice.
Bajaj, G., Varghese, A. L., Bhat, J. S., & Deepthi, J. (2014). Assessment of quality of life of people who stutter: A cross-sectional study. Rehabilitation Process and Outcome, 3, RPO-S19058. https://doi.org/10.4137/RPO.S19058
Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2016). Long-term consequences of childhood bullying in adults who stutter: Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 50, 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.10.002
Blood, G. W., Blood, I. M., Tramontana, G. M., Sylvia, A. J., Boyle, M. P., & Motzko, G. R. (2011). Self-reported experience of bullying of students who stutter: Relations with life satisfaction, life orientation, and self-esteem. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 113(2), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.10.15.17.PMS.113.5.353-364
Boyle, M. P. (2011). Mindfulness training in stuttering therapy: A tutorial for speech-language pathologists. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 36(2), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.04.005
Bramhall, E. (2014). Effective communication skills in nursing practice. Nursing Standard (2014+), 29(14), 53. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.14.53.e9355
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bricker-Katz, G., Lincoln, M., & McCabe, P. (2009). A life-time of stuttering: How emotional reactions to stuttering impact activities and participation in older people. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(21), 1742–1752. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280902738672
Craig, A., & Calver, P. (1991). Following up on treated stutterers: Studies of perceptions of fluency and job status. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 34(2), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3402.279
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Davis, S., Shisca, D., & Howell, P. (2007). Anxiety in speakers who persist and recover from stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40(5), 398–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.003
de Oliveira, C. M. C., Cunha, D., & dos Santos, A. C. (2013). Risk factors for stuttering in disfluent children with familial recurrence. Audiology-Communication Research, 18(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-64312013000100009
Delgado, M. M. (2008). Federico García Lorca. Routledge.
Dits, C. (2014). The relationship between stressful life events and the development and maintenance of stuttering. Eastern Michigan University.
Finn, P., Howard, R., & Kubala, R. (2005). Unassisted recovery from stuttering: Self-perceptions of current speech behavior, attitudes, and feelings. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30(4), 281–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2005.09.001
Fuse, A., & Lanham, E. A. (2016). Impact of social media and quality life of people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 50, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.09.005
Hugh-Jones, S., & Smith, P. K. (1999). Self-reports of short-and long-term effects of bullying on children who stammer. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709999157626
Kelman, E., & Nicholas, A. (2020). Palin parent-child interaction therapy for early childhood stammering. Routledge.
Klein, J. F., & Hood, S. B. (2004). The impact of stuttering on employment opportunities and job performance. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29(4), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.08.001
Klompas, M., & Ross, E. (2004). Life experiences of people who stutter, and the perceived impact of stuttering on quality of life: Personal accounts of South African individuals. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29(4), 275–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.10.001
Kourkouta, L., & Papathanasiou, I. V. (2014). Communication in nursing practice. Materia Socio-Medica, 26(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.26.65-67
McGill, M., & Schroth, P. (2022). Outcomes of Telepractice Speech Therapy for an Adult Who Covertly Stutters: A Case Study. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 7(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.15760/MCNAIR.2020.14.1.5
Mohamadi, H., Nilipour, R., & Yadegari, F. (2008). Stuttering prevalence among Kurdish-Farsi students effects of the two languages similarities. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 6(1), 83–88.
Mulcahy, K., Hennessey, N., Beilby, J., & Byrnes, M. (2008). Social anxiety and the severity and typography of stuttering in adolescents. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 33(4), 306–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.12.002
Nang, C., Hersh, D., Milton, K., & Lau, S. R. (2018). The impact of stuttering on development of self-identity, relationships, and quality of life in women who stutter. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27(3S), 1244–1258. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-ODC11-17-0201
Oliveira, C. M. C., & Nogueira, P. R. (2014). Prevalence of risk factors for stuttering among boys: Analytical cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 132, 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1323617
Parsons, V., Ntani, G., Muiry, R., Madan, I., & Bricker-Katz, G. (2022). Assessing the psychosocial impact of stammering on work. Occupational Medicine, 72(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab169
Plexico, L., Manning, W. H., & DiLollo, A. (2005). A phenomenological understanding of successful stuttering management. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.12.001
Plexico, L. W., Hamilton, M.-B., Hawkins, H., & Erath, S. (2019). The influence of workplace discrimination and vigilance on job satisfaction with people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 62, 105725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2019.105725
Prasse, J. E., & Kikano, G. E. (2008). Stuttering: An overview. American Family Physician, 77(9), 1271–1276. https://doi.org/18540491
Proctor, A., Yairi, E., Duff, M. C., & Zhang, J. (2008). Prevalence of stuttering in African American preschoolers. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0057)
Rana, H. J., Kausar, R., & Khan, N. (2021). Social Anxiety and Quality of Life: Mediating Role of Stigma Perception in Individuals Who Stutter. NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 232–246. https://doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v7i2.92
Schlagheck, A., Gabel, R., & Hughes, S. (2009). A mixed methods study of stereotypes of people who stutter. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 36(Fall), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_36_F_108
Shapse, S. N. (2008). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
Sheldon, L. K., Barrett, R., & Ellington, L. (2006). Difficult communication in nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38(2), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00091.x
Sibiya, M. N. (2018). Effective communication in nursing. Nursing, 19, 20–34. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74995
Sikandar, M. Z., Naeem, M. W., Iqbal, S., Nawaz, H., Ifthikar, A., & SI, A. S. (2020). A cross-sectional analysis of the effects of everyday life situations on stuttering and associated physical features. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 70(5), 946–949. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.16800
Sikandar, M. Z., Naeem, M. W., Iqbal, S., Nawaz, H., Nawaz, H., Ifthikar, A., & Ali Shah, S. I. (2020). A cross-sectional analysis of the effects of everyday life situations on stuttering and associated physical features. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 70(5), 946–949. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.16800
Srinath, S., Girimaji, S. C., Gururaj, G., Seshadri, S., Subbakrishna, D., Bhola, P., & Kumar, N. (2005). Epidemiological study of child & adolescent psychiatric disorders in urban & rural areas of Bangalore, India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 122(1), 67. https://doi.org/16106093
Stager, S. V., Calis, K., Grothe, D., Bloch, M., Berensen, N. M., Smith, P. J., & Braun, A. (2005). Treatment with medications affecting dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms: Effects on fluency and anxiety in persons who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30(4), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2005.09.004
van Lieshout, P., Ben-David, B., Lipski, M., & Namasivayam, A. (2014). The impact of threat and cognitive stress on speech motor control in people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 40, 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.02.003
Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. (2013). Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 38(2), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.11.002
Yaruss, J. S. (2010). Assessing quality of life in stuttering treatment outcomes research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 35(3), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.05.010
Copyright (c) 2023 Rizwan Ullah, Bakhtyar Ali Shah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY).